Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Prehistoric Egypt wikipedia , lookup
Thebes, Egypt wikipedia , lookup
Egyptian pyramids wikipedia , lookup
Art of ancient Egypt wikipedia , lookup
Ancient Egyptian funerary practices wikipedia , lookup
Index of Egypt-related articles wikipedia , lookup
Khnumhotep and Niankhkhnum wikipedia , lookup
Ancient Egyptian technology wikipedia , lookup
MAJOR PERIODS IN EGYPTIAN HISTORY c. 3200 BCE: 3150: 3100: 3050-2686: 2700-2184: 2181-2040: 2040-1782: 1782-1570: 1570-1070: 1069-525: 525-332: 332-30: Writing begins in Egypt King Scorpion rules during Dynasty 0 Narmer/Menes unifies Egypt Early Dynastic Period (Dynasties 1-2) King Aha rules as first king of Dynasty 1 Old Kingdom Period (Dynasties 3-6) 2668-2649: Djoser rules, builds first pyramid 2600-2500: Pyramid Age (3 major pyramids at Giza) 2589-2566: Khufu (Cheops) reigns, builds Great Pyramid 2558-2532: Khaphre (Chephren) reigns, builds 2nd Pyramid & Sphinx 2532-2504: Menkaure (Mycerinus) reigns, builds 3rd Pyramid 2278-2184: Reign of Pepi II, last king of Dynasty 6 First Intermediate Period (Dynasties 7-10); general unrest Middle Kingdom Period (Dynasties 11-12) 1991-1962: Amenemhet I rules, first king of Dynasty 12 1971-1926: Senwosert I rules, second king of Dynasty 12 Second Intermediate Period (Dynasties 13-17); Hyksos invade 1573-1570: Last king of Dynasty 17 reigns New Kingdom Period (Dynasties 18-20), Hyksos expelled from Egypt 1570-1293: Dynasty 18 1500-1483: (Queen) Hatshepsut rules as Pharaoh 1483-1450: Thutmose III succeeds Hatshepsut as Pharaoh 1483: Battle of Megiddo, rebels against Thutmose III defeated 1386-1349: Amenhotep III reigns, initiates “Golden Age” with far-flung international contacts and foreign trade 1350-1334: Akhenaten & Nefertiti reign, create religious upheaval and “heresy” (possible beginnings of monotheism) 1334-1325: Tutankhamen, the “boy king,” reigns before early death 1293-1185: Dynasty 19 1279-1212: Ramesses II reigns 1274: Battle of Qadesh, Hittites fought to a draw 1207: First attack of Sea Peoples 1185-1070: Dynasty 20 1182-1151: Ramesses III reigns 1174: Defeat of Sea Peoples Third Intermediate Period (Dynasties 21-26) 747: Nubian/Kushite Dynasty (Dynasty 25) begins; Piye rules Kush and then Egypt as first king of Dynasty 25 Late Period (Dynasties 27-31); begins with Persian conquest of Egypt Hellenistic (Greek/Ptolemaic) Period; begins with Alexander’s conquest of Egypt 305-282: Ptolemy I, Greek general under Alexander, rules Egypt as first Pharaoh of Ptolemaic Macedonian dynasty 282-246: Ptolemy II reigns, builds Great Lighthouse (Pharos) at Alexandria 30 BCE-395 CE: 246-222: Ptolemy III reigns, builds Library at Alexandria 222-205: Ptolemy IV reigns 205-180: Ptolemy V reigns, inscribes Rosetta Stone 51-30: Cleopatra VII reigns as last of Ptolemaic dynasty Roman Period begins with Cleopatra’s death & Octavian’s conquest of Egypt EGYPTIAN TERMS 1. khemet: black land 2. akhet: first season (rain swells Nile and it floods, beginning in July) 3. peret: second season (first planting) 4. shemmu: third season (tending crops, lands dry out) 5. ma’at: sacred balance 6. nilometer: marks level reached by Nile flood 7. shaduf: water bucket 8. sesh: everyday writing 9. hieroglyphs: sacred writing 10. meret: peasants 11. medu neter: words of god 12. cataracts: major, rocky rapids along the Nile River 13. delta: marshy area where a river divides and flows into the sea 14. per-ao: great house (palace); ultimately came to mean pharaoh (ruler of the great house) 15. cartouche: oval enclosing hieroglyphs of personal names, usually the pharaoh’s name 16. ba: spirit of the personality 17. ka: spirit of the body 18. akh: spirit of immortality 19. natron: sacred salt used to preserve the body during mummification process 20. Pyramid Texts (Old Kingdom)/Coffin Texts (Middle Kingdom)/Book of the Dead (New Kingdom): “cheat sheets” containing all spells and knowledge necessary for passage to the afterlife, buried with the dead 21. Field of Reeds: Egyptian afterlife