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1. How has solar variability contributed to large-scale
(continental,hemispheric, global) climate variations during the Holocene?
2. Why was the Sahara wet during a portion of the Holocene?
3. How do dissociation of clathrates contribute to abrupt warming events?
4. How does the frequency and intensity of ENSO change with global mean
temperature?
5. Does ENSO exist during glacial periods?
6. How will cloud feedbacks contribute to (amplify, dampen) global warming?
7. What is the role of land surface feedbacks (aside from the ice-albedo
feedback) in abrupt climate change?
8. Can ocean circulation changes happen fast enough to have a role in
large-scale climate variations on timescales of decades or less?
9. How far from Greenland can we find clear evidence of D-O events?
10. What large-scale changes in climate were associated with Heinrich
events?
11. Land use effects on climate.
12. Volcanoes influence on decadal climate variability.
13. The role of the Mediterranean in Europe/Africa climate.
14. Drought.
15. Controls on fast-flow of ice sheets.
16. Glacier-climate interactions.
17. El Nino and global warming.
18. Controls on hurricane intensity.
19. Changes in Antarctica since the LGM.
20. Methane hydrate release.
21. Modelling Heinrich events.
22. Recent major drought in the Sahel (1968-1974).
23. The effect of aerosols on climate (change).
24. West antarctic ice sheet vulnerability to climate change.
25. Future changes in precipitation in a warmer climate.
26. Thermohaline circulation role in climate.
27. General controls on equator to pole heat transport in other climates
(glacial, warmer, snowball earth...).
28. Natural vs. anthropogenic climate variability.
29. Thermohaline circulation (its role, changes in past climate).
30. (quantifying) climate sensitivity and feedback.
31. Teleconnection mechanisms.
32. Role of tropics in climate variability (e.g., ENSO issues).
33. How do you get crocodiles on Ellesmere Island 60 million years ago?
34. Changes in precipitation patterns.
35. Northern hemisphere/southern hemisphere coupling during climate events
(e.g. 'bipolar seesaw')
36. Long term changes in ocean biogeochemistry/carbon export
37. Frequency of hurricanes
38. El Nino in different climate regimes