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IB Psychology-Seniors
Assessment: Psychology of Dysfunctional Behaviour Test
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Version 5
Select the best answer. If you are unsure of a response, do your best to guess. Do
not leave any question blank.
Clearly record your choice on your Scan-tron.
1.)
An impairment in a patient’s condition in the absence of treatment is called:
A. spontaneous combustion
B. random recovery
C. spontaneous recovery
D. symptom repression
E. reverse psychosis
2.)
Which of the following is not considered an anxiety disorder:
A. phobic disorder
B. generalized anxiety disorder
C. bi-polar disorder
D. obsessive-compulsive disorder
E. panic disorder
3.)
What technique, derived from classical conditioning, is designed to treat phobias
by gradually diminishing an undesired response?
A. step modification
B. aversive conditioning
C. symptom substitution
D. mediator restructuring
E. systematic desensitization
4.)
Until the development of systematic diagnostic systems, abnormal behavior was
often defined in terms of:
A. behavior which was very unusual or rare
B. acting in unconventional ways
C. possession by demons or evil spirits
D. all of the above
E. none of the above
5.)
The idea that mental disorders have a physiological basis:
A. is known as the rational treatment model
B. is commonly called the medical model
C. was used by Freud to explain hysteria
D. is generally rejected by psychiatrists
E. was used by Ellis to explain faulty reasoning
6.)
Dr. Jones is examining a patient with a possible mental disorder, using the DSM
classification system. Based on DSM guidelines, proper assessment of abnormal
behavior must be based on:
A. physical problems like brain damage or disease
B. environmental and social factors
C. behavioral symptoms
D. all of the above
E. correlation with the international classification of diseases
7.)
According to research, which of the following types of disorder occurs least often
in the general population?
A. depression
B. alcohol abuse
C. schizophrenia
D. phobias
E. depersonalization
8.)
The primary value of classification systems like DSM-IV is that:
A. they provide simple labels for categorizing people
B. they provide clear understanding of etiology
C. they make prescribing drugs very easy
D. they help in diagnosis, and may aid treatment
E. they make all disorders equal in importance
9.)
At present, diagnostic systems like DSM-IV are most limited in terms of:
A. the ability to identify insight therapies
B. providing an estimate of possible prognosis
C. identifying the cause of abnormal behavior
D. summarizing the patient's current symptoms
E. the number of disorders explained
10.)
The biological approach argues that mental disorders may be genetic in origin.
However, this hypothesis is limited by the fact that:
A. at present no disorder has been proven to be purely genetic
B. genetic treatments are not very effective
C. there are no genetic tests to predict risk
D. humanistic therapists do not value the DSM-IV
E. all of the above
11.)
The medical model is heavily favored by clinicians who support which approach?
A. behaviorist
B. biological
C. cognitive
D. psychodynamic
E. humanistic
12.)
A therapist who supports the biological approach is most likely to treat abnormal
behavior by means of:
A. behavior modification
B. neuroleptics
C. psychotherapy
D. logotherapy
E. person-centered therapy
13.)
Currently, the best supporting evidence for the validity of the medical model
comes from:
A. the use scanning techniques
B. research identifying genetic causes of disorders
C. the use of neuroleptics for treatment
D. surgery which locates the basis of a disorder
E. industrialized nations
14.)
In systematic desensitization, the term "hierarchy of fears" refers to:
A. a rating scale for measuring the severity of the problem
B. a list of stimuli which elicit fear responses
C. a listing of phobias in terms of their relative treatment success
D. steps toward depersonalization
E. environments of high expressed emotion
15.)
The goal of systematic desensitization in therapy is: (select the best answer)
A. to make the person less critical of their behavior
B. to replace a fear response with relaxation
C. to identify and organize the person's unrealistic ideas
D. to gain insight
E. to avoid thinking about the fear stimulus
16.)
Doctors and researchers were baffled that the administration of drugs for this
disorder would reach the brain in hours, yet take weeks to show the effects. What
disorder was it?
A. Delusions
B. Disorganized schizophrenia
C. Depression
D. Depersonalization
E. Dissonance
17.)
Individuals interested in dieting can purchase a device, shaped like a pig, which is
placed in the refrigerator, and oinks each time the door is opened. Given it is
intended to suggest the person is eating too much, this device provides an
example of:
A. insight
B. aversive conditioning
C. token economy
D. systematic desensitization
E. Pavlovian conditioning
18.)
Creating a token economy in a prison in order to encourage good behavior would
be recommended by a _______ psychologist.
A. psychodynamic
B. cognitive
C. behaviorist
D. humanistic
E. biological
19.)
The idea that faulty assumptions about ourselves and the world can be the cause
of abnormal behavior is associated with the ________ approach.
A. behaviorist
B. cognitive
C. psychodynamic
D. humanistic
E. biological
20.)
Bandura (1970) examined the efficacy of treatments by comparing the effects of
systematic desensitization, observing a model, and participant modeling. What
were his findings?
A. Active imitation of the desired behavior seemed more effective than either
observing a model or conventional behavior modification.
B. Systematic desensitization had noticeably greater efficacy than any other
method.
C. No one method was more effective than any other.
D. Bandura was criticized for favoring model observation since he was an early
theorist in the field.
E. Bandura found cognitive therapy was more effective.
21.)
Mary is suffering from depression. She has told her therapist that all her friends
think she is boring. If the therapist tries to get Mary to examine whether this belief
is true, the therapist is employing:
A. cognitive behavior modification
B. systematic desensitization
C. participant modelling
D. rational-emotive therapy
E. hierarchy of fears
22.)
Albert Ellis developed rational-emotive therapy to alter abnormal behavior by:
A. restructuring the individual's faulty cognitions
B. having the individual engage in participant modelling
C. using cognitive behavior modification
D. getting the individual to confront the situation that causes fear
E. validating the person with unconditional regard
23.)
Dr. Jones is a therapist who believes that the individual's perceptions rather than a
classification system must be used in identifying abnormal behavior. This
suggests Dr. Jones favors the ______ approach.
A. behaviorist
B. cognitive
C. psychodynamic
D. humanistic
E. biological
24.)
A therapist who believes that abnormal behavior is caused by factors which
distort the individual's growth is most likely to favor the ________ approach.
A. humanistic
B. cognitive
C. psychodynamic
D. behaviorist
E. biological
25.)
Carl Rogers believed that the therapist's role in dealing with abnormal behavior is
to:
A. enhance the person's tolerance for change
B. try to restructure the person's attitudes
C. provide openness, empathy, and unconditional positive regard
D. be completely neutral in discussing a person's problems
E. convince the client to see his or her own faulty reasoning and illogical errors
26.)
Which of the following is NOT an example of a limitation of person-centered
therapy?
A. expressions of "feeling better" may not prove real improvement
B. the encouragement therapists give may control the process
C. the emphasis on verbal interaction is not always appropriate
D. most therapists don't provide the proper conditions for growth
E. early clients may not have really fit into formal DSM classifications
27.)
28.)
The psychodynamic approach and what other approach(es) emphasizes the
development of insight as part of treatment for abnormal behavior?
A. cognitive only
B. humanistic only
C. biological only
D. cognitive and humanistic
E. humanistic and biological
According to studies comparing the efficacy of different therapies,
A. psychodynamic therapies are the least effective
B. behaviorist therapies are the most effective
C. every treatment approach is equally effective
D. no form of therapy works equally well for all types of problems
E. cognitive therapy can resolve all types of disorders
29.)
Attempts to evaluate different therapeutic techniques is difficult for all of the
following reasons EXCEPT:
A. non-specific factors may contribute to all forms of therapy
B. it is possible for people to improve without treatment
C. therapists may have different goals for improvement
D. some individuals only want short-term treatment
E. different perspectives often focus on different methodologies
30.)
Developed by Joseph Wolpe, this therapy technique treats phobias and related
anxiety disorders by gradually diminishing the undesired response using a
hierarchy of fears:
A. cognitive-behavior modification
B. aversive conditioning
C. systematic desensitization
D. stimulus generalization
E. rational-emotive therapy
31.)
Which approach uses rational-emotive therapy to focus on the faulty beliefs
which accompany maladaptive behaviour?
A. biological
B. behavioral
C. cognitive
D. psychodynamic
E. humanistic
32.)
The medical model assumes:
A. all mental disorders have a physiological cause
B. all mental disorders have an environmental cause
C. all mental disorders are treatable by way of the ABC theory
D. all mental disorders are better treated by insight therapies
E. all mental disorders are due to a viral mechanism contracted during the second
trimester
33.)
This form of behavior modification is based on operant conditioning and involves
awarding conditioned reinforcers for specific behaviors:
A. token economy
B. aversive therapy
C. systematic desensitization
D. cognitive behavior modification
E. positive adaptation
34.)
One of the factors which must be considered in trying to determine the efficacy of
different types of therapy is that:
A. spontaneous remission may affect improvement rates
B. individuals may feel stigmatized by research
C. most therapists are not interested in testing their methods
D. individuals do not typically trust their therapists
E. none of the above
35.)
The study of the causes of a disorder is known as:
A. aetiology
B. perspectivism
C. pathology
D. medicalization
E. DSM-justification
36.)
George has delusional beliefs, including thinking that assassins are trying to kill
him. If George is diagnosed as having schizophrenia, it is likely to be the
________ type.
A. paranoid
B. catatonic
C. disorganized
D. undifferentiated
E. avoidant
37.)
Which of the following situations can result in symptoms which are extremely
similar to schizophrenia?
A. two days of sleep deprivation
B. advanced alcoholism
C. excessive use of amphetamines
D. extremely high consumption of sugar
E. growing up in a household of expressed emotion
38.)
Which of the following types of evidence does NOT support the biological
approach's view of schizophrenia?
A. the effectiveness of dopamine-blocking drugs in relieving symptoms
B. brain scans showing structural differences for those with
schizophrenia
C. studies showing a genetic predisposition for schizophrenia
D. a time delay between starting drugs and apparent improvement
E. a history of schizophrenia in the client’s family
39.)
If a therapist prescribes an anti-psychotic drug as the primary treatment for
schizophrenia, the therapist likely favors the ________ approach.
A. biological
B. behaviorist
C. psychodynamic
D. humanistic
E. cognitive
40.)
According to the "two-hit" model of schizophrenia, which of the following factors
could predispose an individual to developing schizophrenia?
A. genetic inheritance
B. the mother having the flu during pregnancy
C. prenatal malnutrition
D. choices A, B, and C above
E. none of the above
41.)
The diathesis-stress model argues that schizophrenia is due to
A. families who reject individuals showing odd behavior
B. interactions of physiological defects and environmental pressures
C. using denial to divert the effects of stress
D. high maternal levels of stress during pregnancy
E. side effects from psychotrophic medications
42.)
The director of a mental hospital introduces a token economy system
for a ward housing individuals diagnosed as having schizophrenia. This suggests
the director supports the _______ approach.
A. behaviorist
B. biological
C. psychodynamic
D. humanistic
E. cognitive
43.)
The behaviorist approach to understanding schizophrenia argues that:
A. reinforcement can be used to alter behavioral symptoms
B. schizophrenia is based on maladaptive learning
C. diagnostic labels matter less than the actual symptoms
D. choices A, B, and C above
E. choices B and C above
44.)
The cognitive approach suggests that schizophrenia develops due to:
A. an inability to understand spoken language
B. an impairment of attention
C. a form of regression to infantile speech
D. some biological predisposition
E. pressures from society
45.)
According to the ________ approach, schizophrenia is a response to severe
threats to the self created by the demands of other people.
A. humanistic
B. psychodynamic
C. cognitive
D. behaviorist
E. biological
46.)
Research on schizophrenia in various countries indicates that:
A. schizophrenia mainly occurs in poor nations
B. incidence rates are generally similar in all countries
C. there is no consistency to patterns across cultures
D. treatment is more successful in Western countries
E. schizophrenia is strictly a culturally-bound disorder
47.)
According to the results of cross-cultural studies of schizophrenia,
A. schizophrenia is more common in Western countries
B. drugs are more likely to be used in developing countries
C. paranoid schizophrenia is less common in Western countries
D. recovery rates are higher in developing countries
E. relapse rates are higher in developing countries
48.)
In this technique of systematic desensitization, a list of fear-evoking stimuli is
arranged in order of the intensity of fear which they elicit:
A. counter-conditioning
B. symptom substitution
C. R.E.T.
D. hierarchy of needs
E. hierarchy of fears
49.)
The “second hit” of the “two-hit” model refers to:
A. factors that explore the client’s repressed sexual impulses
B. a genetic predisposition usually carried on the maternal genotype
C. manifestations of word salad in schizophrenia
D. environmental stressors
E. diathesis factors
50.)
The dopamine hypothesis states:
A. neuroleptics have no influence on the treating schizophrenia
B. psychotrophics stimulate serotonin and cause schizophrenia
C. schizophrenia is related to overactivity in neural pathways which depend on
dopamine as a neurotransmitter
D. medications create specific side effects that likely display symptoms of
schizophrenia
E. drugs used to treat schizophrenia can also be used to treat dopamine
IB Psychology- Seniors
Assessment: Psychology of Dysfunctional Behavior- Objective Portion, Key
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