Download Name - Clydebank High School

Name ................................................
Homework 2.1
Date due ..........................................
1. A fuel was thought to produce water vapour and carbon dioxide when it burned. Jean
set up the apparatus shown below to investigate this.
burning fuel
test tube Y
liquid collecting
in U-tube Y
a) How should Jean test the liquid which formed in U-tube X in order to proved that it
is water.
................................................................................................................................................................
1
b) Name a liquid which should be present in test tube Y in order to show that carbon
dioxide was formed when the fuel burned. Explain what would happen to this liquid
when carbon dioxide gas is bubbled though it.
................................................................................................................................................................
1
c) Jean’s teacher suggested that it would be a good idea to repeat the experiment without
the burning fuel and with air drawn through the apparatus for the same period of time.
Explain why this extra experiment should be carried out.
................................................................................................................................................................
1
2. James used the same apparatus as in question 1 to investigate the burning of different
fuels. His results are shown below.
Fuel
Water formed?
Carbon dioxide formed?
A
No
Yes
B
Yes
Yes
C
Yes
No
Explain which of the above fuels, A, B or C, was
a) Pure hydrogen?
...........................................................................................................................
1
b) Carbon monoxide? .........................................................................................................................
1
c) Methane (CH4)? ............................................................................................................................
1
3. Several poisonous gases can be produced as a result of burning fuels.
a) Name a poisonous gas which can be formed as a result of incomplete combustion of
petrol in a car engine.
..............................................................................................................................................................
1
b) Name a poisonous gas which is the major cause of acid rain and is produced by the
burning of coal (and, to a lesser extent the fuels obtained from crude oil).
.............................................................................................................................................................. 1
c) Describe ways in which the pollution caused by burning petrol in car engines can
reduced. In each case describe how the method reduces air pollution.
i) .......................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................
2
ii) .......................................................................................................................................................
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2
4. When a fuel burns, oxygen reacts with the fuel in an exothermic reaction.
a) What is meant by the term ‘exothermic’? .........................................................................
1
b) A pupil was given two test tubes. One contained oxygen and the other contained
hydrogen. Describe tests which could be used to show which gas was in which test
tube.
............................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................
c) Oxygen and nitrogen are the main components in the air. Draw a labelled pie chart
to show the relative amounts of each in the air. (Ignore all the other gases in the air)
1
Total marks = 14
Name ................................................
Homework 2.2
Date due ..........................................
1. Crude oil is one of our most important raw materials. It has transformed our lives
over the last 50 years.
In oil refineries, the following groups of hydrocarbons are obtained. Their approximate
boiling ranges are also shown.
A
B
C
petroleum gas
residue
heavy gas oil
< 40°C
> 350°C
300–350°C
D
E
F
naphtha
kerosene
light gas oil
40–180°C
180–250°C
250-300°C
a) What is meant by the term ‘hydrocarbon’? .............................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................
1
b) What name is given to the process used to separate the hydrocarbons into different
groups?
................................................................................................................................................................
1
c) Which two groups contains hydrocarbons which are less flammable than
light gas oil?
................................................................................................................................................................
2
d) Which two groups contains smaller hydrocarbons than those in kerosene?
................................................................................................................................................................
2
e) Which group is used to make jet fuel for aircraft? ...............................................................
1
2. a) Write a word equation for the burning of methane.
methane +
...........................
...................................................... + ......................
1
b) Balance chemical equation for this same reaction
CH4 +
O2
CO2 + H2O
1
3. Coal, oil and natural gas are finite resources. Various estimates of how long these
fossil fuels will last have been made. One such estimate is given below:
Fossil fuel.
Lifespan / years.
Coal
Natural gas
Oil
275
60
55
a) Present this information in the form of a bar chart.
2
b) What is meant by the term ‘finite resource’? .......................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................
1
c) Describe the processes involved in the formation of coal. ...............................................
............................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................
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2
4. The first lamps were not electric. As gas called acetylene was burned to produce the
light. The acetylene was made by adding water to A solid called calcium carbide.
Acetylene gas is insoluble in water.
Draw a diagram of the apparatus you would use to prepare and collect a gas jar of the
gas acetylene in your chemistry laboratory. Label the diagram.
1
Total marks = 15
Name ................................................
Homework 2.3
Date due ..........................................
1. Draw the extended structural formula for
a) 2,4-dimethylheptane.
b) 3-ethyl-2-methylpentane.
2
2 Write the systematic names for
a)
b)
H
H
H
C
H
H
H
H
C
C
C
C
C
H
H
H
H
H
C
H
H
H
H
H
C
C
C
H
H
CH3
H
CH3
CH2
CH2
C
CH2
CH2
CH3
H
CH3
H
................................................................................
............................................................... 2
3 Each box in the grid below shows the name of the formula of a compound.
H
A
H
C
B
O
butane
H
H
H
D
C
H
H
E
ethene
H
C
H
C
H
C
H
C
H
H
F
H
C
H
ethanol
H
Which box (or boxes) shows
a) an alkene?
.........................................................................................................................
2
b) an alkane?
........................................................................................................................
2
c) an alcohol?
........................................................................................................................
2
4. The grid below shows some hydrocarbon molecules.
H
A
H
C
H
C
C
H
H
B
H
C
H
H
H
D
E
CH
CH
CH3
CH3
H
H
H
H
C
C
C
C
H
H
H
H
CH2
CH2
CH2
C
H
H
H
C
H
H
F
C3H6
CH3
CH3
a) Which two boxes show compounds which are isomers .........................and........................
1
b) Which box shows a molecule of butane?
1
.......................................................
c) Which box shows a substance which could either be an alkene or a cycloalkane?
d) Which two boxes show an alkene?
..........................................
1
.................................and.............................
1
5. The boiling points of some alkanes are shown in the table below.
Alkane
methane
ethane
propane
butane
hexane
Boiling point / °C
– 164
– 88
– 42
0
69
a) Draw a line graph of boiling point against number of carbon atoms in the molecule for
these alkanes.
b) Use your graph to estimate the boiling point of pentane. .........................................
2
1
c) Which of these alkanes is liquid at room temperature (20°C)? ................................
1
Total marks = 18
Name ................................................
Homework 2.4
Date due ..........................................
1. Identify the homologous series each of the following molecules belongs to
and name the compound shown.
a)
CH3CH2CH2O-H
c)
b) CH3CH2CH3
……………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………...
………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………..
CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2OH
d)
O
H
C
O
H
e)
……………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………...
………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………..
CH3CH2COOH
f)
CH3CHCHCH3
……………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………...
………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………..
6
2 The alkanes, alkenes and cycloalkanes are different homologous series of hydrocarbons.
Alkenes, such as butene, and cycloalkanes, such as cyclobutane, are isomers.
a) What is meant by the terms
i) homologous series?………………………………………………………………………………………..…………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
1
ii) isomers? …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
1
b) What is the general formula for
c)
i) the alkanes?
………………………………………………………….
ii) the alkenes?
………………………………………………………….
2
Draw and name three isomers of pentene.
3
3. As part of an investigation into the properties of hydrocarbons a pupil is given
two bottles labelled as follows:‘Heptane - a saturated hydrocarbon’ and ‘Heptene - an unsaturated hydrocarbon’
a) Write the molecular formulae for
i) heptane
…………………………………………..
ii) heptene ………………………………………..
2
b) Draw the extended structural formulae for
heptane
heptene
2
c) Explain what is meant by the terms
i) saturated ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
1
ii) unsaturated ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
1
d) If the bottles had not been labelled, what chemical test could be carried out to decide
which bottle contained heptane and which heptene? Remember to give the result
of the test with both chemicals.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
2
4. The dienes are a homologous series of hydrocarbons which possess two carbon to
carbon double covalent bonds per molecule of diene. The first three members of
the diene series have the following molecular formulae:C4H6
C5H8
C6H10
a) Are dienes, saturated or unsaturated molecules. Explain your answer.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
1
b) What would be the molecular formula of the diene with 7 carbon atoms?
…………………………………………………………………
c) What is general formula for the dienes?
1
……………………………………….
1
d) Draw a possible structural formula for the diene with formula C4H6
1
Total marks = 25
Name ................................................
Homework 2.5
Date due ..........................................
1.
Two liquid hydrocarbons labelled X and Y are found by experiment to have the
same molecular formula C3H6. When shaken with bromine solution X is seen to
decolourise it rapidly, Y does not.
a) Name hydrocarbons X and Y.
X is ……………………………………….………………..
Y is
…………………………………………………….
2
b) Draw the extended structural formulae for X and Y.
X
Y
2
c) Draw, the extended structural formula of the compound formed when bromine reacts
with compound X. Name the compound formed.
2
2. The following reaction took place in a cracking process.
C6H14
C4H10
+
X
a) Name compound X and give its full structural formula.
2
b) Explain which of the compounds, C4H10 or X, would decolourise bromine solution.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2
c) Draw a labelled diagram of the apparatus that could be used in the laboratory to
carry out the cracking of C6H14.
2
3. During the catalytic cracking of ethane it was found that the products were ethene
and a substance Y, which on combustion produced water as the only product.
a) Name substance Y.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………….
1
b) Write a balanced chemical equation for the cracking process.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
1
4. The following reaction shows what happens to an alkene when it reacts with ozone.
H
H
H
C
C
H
H
H
C
H
C
H
C
+
ozone
ozone
H
H
H
H
C
C
H
H
H
H
H
C
H
C
+
O
O
C
H
a) Draw the structural formulae of the products you would expect from the following
reaction.
H
H
C
H
C
H
C
H
H
H
H
H
C
C
C
C
H
H
H
H
H
+
ozone
2
b) Reaction with ozone and another alkene produces only one product. Draw the
structural formula of the alkene which would react in this way.
1
Total marks = 17
H
Name ................................................
Homework 2.6
Date due ..........................................
1.
Large amounts of the alcohol, ethanol, are made in industry. One way in which this
is done is to treat ethene with steam in the presence of a catalyst.
H
H
C
H
+
C
H
O
H
H
H
H
H
C
C
H
H
O
H
a) Give a suitable name for this kind of reaction. ……………………………………………………………………
1
b) Name the process used to produce alcohol in alcoholic drinks. ……………………………………….
1
2. Name and draw the structural formula of the ester formed between
a) propanol and butanoic acid.
2
b) C4H9OH and CH3CH2COOH
2
3. Using structural formulae write equations for the formation of the esters
a) methyl ethanoate.
1
b) butyl ethanoate.
1
4. Name the alcohol and acid used to form the following esters.
a)
H
H
H
H
H
C
C
C
C
H
H
H
H
b)
O
O
CH3 COOC3H7
C
H
H
C
H
……………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………….. 2
26 A pupil made the ester ethyl propanoate in a test tube and poured the reaction
mixture into a beaker containing sodium hydrogen-carbonate solution.
a) Name the acid and alcohol used to make the ester. ……………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2
b) What two things would the pupil observe when the ester is poured into the
sodium hydrogen-carbonate solution?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2
c) The pupil heated the reaction mixture using a hot water bath. Why was the
reaction mixture not heated directly with a Bunsen flame?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
Total marks = 15
1
Name ................................................
Homework 2.7
Date due ..........................................
1. A label on a shirt gave the composition of the fibre used in its manufacture as
Polyester
Cotton
25%
75%
a) Draw a pie chart to show the proportions of polyester and cotton in the shirt.
1
b) Polyester is a synthetic fibre whereas cotton is a natural fibre. State what is
meant by synthetic.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
1
2. Most plastics and synthetic fibres are non-biodegradable.
a) What does the term non-biodegradable mean? …………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
1
b) The fact that plastics are non-biodegradable can be both an advantage and a
disadvantage. Give one example of this being
i) an advantage. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
1
ii) a disadvantage. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
1
3. The addition polymer poly(ethene) which we usually call polythene is made from
the monomer, ethene.
a) What is meant by the terms
i) polymer ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
1
ii) monomer …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
1
b) Give one use of the polymer polythene and a property which allows it to be used
in this way.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
1
4. About one million tonnes of ethene are produced each year in the U.K. Most of this
useful alkene is converted into poly(ethene) which is more familiar to people as polythene.
a) How are alkenes made from long chain hydrocarbon molecules? …………………………………..
1
b) Explain, using full structural formulae how ethene forms poly(ethene). In your
answer you should show how three ethene molecules join together.
H
H
C
H
H
C
H
C
H
H
C
H
H
C
H
C
H
H
1
c) Poly(ethene) is a thermoplastic. Explain what this means. …………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
1
5. In older houses, light fittings such as plugs and sockets are often made of the dark
brown thermosetting plastic, Bakelite. In more modern houses, the same fittings
are made of the white plastic, urea formaldehyde, which is also thermosetting.
a) What is meant by the term ‘thermosetting’? ……………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
1
b) Give another example of a situation where a thermosetting plastic must be used
because it would not be possible to use a thermoplastic.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
1
6. Name the toxic gases produced when the following plastics burn
a) P.V.C. (Poly vinyl chloride)
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
1
b) Polyurethane.
……………………………………………………………………………………………..
1
7. The polymer poly(propene) is made by the addition polymerisation of propene.
The structure of propene is:-
H
H
C
H
H
C
H
C
H
Show, using extended structural formulae, how three propene monomer molecules join
together to form part of a polypropene polymer chain.
1
Total marks = 16
Name ................................................
Homework 2.8
Date due ..........................................
1. A polyamide is a polymer that can be made by reacting a diacid with with a diamine.
a) Draw the functional group present in a diacid.
1
b) Draw the functional group present in a diamine.
1
c) Using two molecules of the diacid and two molecules of the diamine shown
below show how part of a polyamide polymer can be formed.
H
O
H
H
C
C
H
H
H
O
H
N
H
H
H
H
H
C
C
C
C
H
H
H
H
H
N
H
2
d) Explain why this type of reaction is called a condensation polymerisation……………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
1
2. a) Show using two molecules of the diacid and two molecules of the diol how
a polyester molecule can be formed using the molecules shown below.
O
H
O
H
H
C
C
H
H
O
O
C
H
O
H
C
O
H
1
b) In the polymer chain you have drawn circle an ester group.
1
3. The following is part of a protein molecule (the bond angles are not correctly
shown).
H CH3
CH3
–N–CH–C–N–CH2 –C–N–CH–C–N–CH2–C–
OH
OH
OH
a) Draw the extended structural formula of two amino acids obtained on
hydrolysis of this protein.
2
1
b) On diagram above and circle the amide links.
4.
A
B
C
CH2
NO2–CH2–COOH
NH2–CH(CH3)–COOH
CH3
O
C
CH2
OH
O
D
E
NH2–(CH2) 6–NH2
NH2–CH2–C
H
O
F
O
HO
C–CH2–NH2
Which
a) two boxes show an amino acid?
b) box shows an ester?
..........................and...........................................
.........................................
c) two boxes show a molecule capable of carrying out a condensation reaction at both ends of
the molecule?
.......………...............and ................………....
3
Total marks = 13
Name ................................................
Homework 2.9
Date due ..........................................
1. Some carbohydrate compounds are shown in the grid.
A
B
Cellulose
D
C
sucrose
E
Glucose
maltose
F
starch
fructose
a) Identify the substance which gives a blue-black colour with iodine solution. ……………..
1
b) Identify the two substances which are monosaccharides.
……………….. and …………………
1
c) Identify the two substances which are isomers
with the formula C12H22O11.
……………….. and …………………
1
2. The diagram represents the processes by which energy is produced in humans.
a) Name the process.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
1
b) Name gases X and Y
X ……………………………………………………………………………………………………
1
3. The diagram represents the process by which green plants make glucose.
a) Name the process.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
1
b) Name gases X and Y
X …………………………………………………………………………………………………
1
Y ……………………………………………………………………………………………………
c) Sunlight is essential for this process. Name the substance in green plants which can
absorb sunlight.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………….
d) Name the substance, stored in plants, which is made when glucose molecules join
together.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………….
1
1
1
4. a) Complete the table below.
Type of carbohydrate
Formula of carbohydrate
Monosaccharides
Example of carbohydrate
glucose
C12H22O11
maltose
starch
(C6H10O5)n
3
b) Give tests for the two carbohydrates shown in bold type.
i) The test for glucose is …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 1
ii) The test for starch is ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 1
5. Foods containing starch have to undergo hydrolysis during the digestion process.
In the hydrolysis of starch glucose molecules are produced.
a) Why is it essential for starch molecules to be hydrolysed during digestion?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………..………………………………………………………………………………………………………
1
b) Give two chemicals in the body which bring about the hydrolysis of starch and
say where both chemicals are found in the body.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………..………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2
c) What is meant by the term enzyme? ……………………………………………………………………………………..
1
6. A pupil added 1 g quantities of glucose and starch to separate beakers, each
containing 100 cm3 of boiling water. She stirred both thoroughly and then allowed
them to cool.
a) One solution was found to be cloudy. Which was it likely to be? …………………………………….
1
b) Explain clearly any effect that might be seen when the pupil shines a beam of light
through each solution.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 1
Total marks = 21
Name ................................................
Homework 2.10
Date due ..........................................
1. Explain, in terms of structure, why fats are solids and oils are liquids at room temperature.
............................................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................................... 2
2. a) Draw the extended structural formula for a molecule of glycerol.
1
b) What is the systematic name for a molecule of glycerol.
............................................................................................................................................................
1
c) Explain why fats are sometimes referred to as triglycerides. ...................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
1
c) What do you understand by the term ‘fatty acid’?
...........................................................................................................................................................
1
3. The hydrolysis of a fat produces glycerol and fatty acids.
a) What does the term hydrolysis mean? .................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
1
b) State the ratio of glycerol molecules to fatty acid molecules.
..................................................................................................................................................
1
c) A triglyceride produces only glycerol and palmitic acid, CH3(CH2)14COOH, on hydrolysis.
i) Draw the structural formula for the triglyceride.
ii)Explain whether the triglyceride is likely to be a fat or an oil. ...................................
..................................................................................................................................................
1
1
Total marks = 10