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Unit Four: The Development of Modern Nations, 1865 – 1929
Learning Goals
Performance Standards
SSUSH6 The student will analyze the nature of territorial and population growth and the
impact of this growth in the early decades of the new nation
e. Describe the reasons for and importance of the Monroe Doctrine
SSUSH11 The student will describe the growth of big business and technological
innovations after Reconstruction
a. Explain the impact of the railroads on other industries, such as steel, and on the
organization of big business
b. Describe the impact of the railroads in the development of the West; include the
transcontinental railroad, and the use of Chinese labor
c. Identify John D. Rockefeller and the Standard Oil Company and the rise of trusts and
monopolies
d. Describe the inventions of Thomas Edison; include the electric light bulb, motion pictures,
and the phonograph, and their impact on American life
SSUSH12 The student will analyze important consequences of American industrial growth
a. Describe Ellis Island, the change in immigrants’ origins to southern and eastern Europe
and the impact of this change on urban America
b. Identify the American Federation of Labor and Samuel Gompers
c. Describe the growth of the western population and its impact on Native Americans with
reference to Sitting Bull and Wounded Knee
d. Describe the 1894 Pullman strike as an example of industrial unrest
SSUSH13 The student will identify major efforts to reform American society and politics
in the Progressive Era
a. Explain Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle and federal oversight of the meatpacking industry
b. Identify Jane Addams and Hull House and describe the role of women in reform
movements
c. Describe the rise of Jim Crow Laws, Plessy vs. Ferguson, and the emergence of the
NAACP
d. Explain Ida Tarbell’s role as a muckraker
e. Describe the significance of progressive reforms such as the initiative, recall, and
referendum; direct election of senators; reform of labor laws; and efforts to improve living
conditions for the poor in cities
SSUSH14 The student will explain America’s evolving relationship with the world at the
turn of the twentieth century
a. Explain the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 and anti-Asian immigration sentiment on the
west coast
IB Curriculum
This section, covering the period between the late 19th century and the early 20th century, saw
forces that transformed the countries of the region. These forces are generally seen as part of
“modernization”, a process that involved the progressive transformation of the economic, political, and
social structures of the countries of the region.
With respect to the first four bullets, a case study approach should be adopted, using two countries
from the region as examples. The chosen countries should be identified in the introduction to the
examination answers.
 Causes and consequences of railroad construction; industrial growth and economic
modernization; the development of international and inter-American trade; neocolonialism and
dependency
 Causes and consequences of immigration; emigration and internal migrating, including the
impact upon, and experience of, indigenous peoples
 Development and impact of ideological currents including Progressivism, Manifest Destiny,
liberalism, nationalism, positivism, Social Darwinism, “indigenismo”, and nativism
 Social and cultural changes: the arts; the role of women
 Influence of leaders in the transition to the modern era: political and economic aims; assessment
of the successes and failures of Theodore Roosevelt, Wilfrid Laurier, and a Latin American
leader of the student’s choice
 Social, economic, and legal conditions of African Americans between 1865 and 1929; the Great
Migration and the Harlem Renaissance; the search for civil rights and the ideas, aims, and tactics
of Booker T. Washington, WEB Dubois, and Marcus Garvey
Unit Terms, IDs, and Concepts
For this unit’s concepts, we will cover information involving the United States, a few Latin American
Countries, and Canada. Choose one Latin American country to complete your concepts. Include
Canada if it is listed.
IDs
 Modernization
 Neocolonialism
 Hegemony
 Dependency (Economic)
 Progressivism
 Liberalism
 Conservatisim
 Nationalism
 Positivism
 Social Darwinism
 Indigenismo
 Nativism
United States
 Manifest Destiny
 Steel
 Transcontinental Railroad
 Chinese Labor
 John D. Rockefeller
 Standard Oil Company
 Trusts
 Monopolies
 Thomas Edison
o Light Bulb
o Motion Pictures
o Phonograph
 Ellis Island
 American Federation of
Labor
 Samuel Gompers
 Sitting Bull and Wounded
Knee
 1894 Pullman Strike
 Upton Sinclair, The
Jungle
 Jane Addams and Hull
House
 Jim Crow Laws
 Plessy vs. Ferguson
 NAACP
 Muckrakers
 Theodore Roosevelt
 Progressive Reforms
 Chinese Exclusion Act of
1882
 Booker T. Washington
 WEB Dubois
 Marcus Garvey
Argentina
 Caudillo
 Juan Manuel de Rosas
 Unitarians
 Interior Federalists
 Buenos Aires Federalists
 La Pampa
 Juan Bautista Alberdi
 Bartolomé Mitre
 Domingo Sarmiento
Brazil
 Dom Pedro
 Pedro II
 Paraguayan War
 Law of the Free Womb
 Brazilian Republic (18891930)
 Canudos Rebellion
 Antonio Conselheiro
Mexico
 Antonio Lopez de Santa
Ana
 Benito Juárez
 Porfirio Diáz
 Mexican Revolution
Concepts
 Causes of Railroad
Construction in the
US/LA
 Consequences of Railroad
Construction in the
US/LA
 Causes of industrial
growth in the US/LA
 Consequences of
industrial growth in the
US/LA
 Causes of economic
modernization in the
US/LA
 Consequences of
economic modernization
in the US/LA
 Development of
international trade in the
Americas
 Development of interAmerican trade
 Causes of immigration in
the US/LA
 Consequences of
immigration in the US/LA
 Causes of emigration in
the US/LA
 Consequences of
emigration in the US/LA
 Causes of internal
migration in the US/LA
 Consequences of internal
migration in the US/LA
 Experience of indigenous
peoples in US/LA
 Development of
ideological currents in
US/LA
 Change in the arts in
US/LA
 Changing role for women
in US/LA
 Influence of leaders in the
transition to the modern
era in US/Canada/LA
o Theodore Roosevelt
(US)
o Wilfrid Laurier
(Canada)
o Any Leader (LA)
 Social conditions of
African Americans 18651929
 Economic conditions of
African Americans 18651929
 Legal conditions of
African Americans 18651929
 Civil Rights activities
Unit Essential Questions
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9.
What were the economic and political policies of the states in the post-Reconstruction era?
How did segregation and disenfranchisement shape race relations in the New South?
What were the experiences of the farmers, miners, and cowboys in the West?
What were the consequences of late-nineteenth-century Indian policy?
What factors fueled the growth of the post-civil war economy?
What were the methods and achievements of major entrepreneurs?
What led to the rise of large labor unions?
How did immigration affect the growth of the modern city?
What led to the rise of powerful reform movements?
10. What was the impact of Darwinian thought on the social sciences?
11. What were the literary and philosophical trends of the late nineteenth century?
12. What were the basic elements of Progressive reform?
13. What were the central issues confronting the presidency of Theodore Roosevelt?
14. To what extent was the United States involved in the economic development of independent
Latin America?
15. What factors led to the desire for economic progress in one Latin American country?
16. To what extent was the leader of one Latin American country successful in transitioning his
country into the “modern age”?
17. To what extent was Wilfrid Laurier successful in transitioning Canada into the “modern age”?
18. To what extent was Theodore Roosevelt successful in transition the United States into the
“modern age”?
19. How were political, social, and economic policies in Latin America influenced by Liberalism?
20. Why did the ideological currents of positivism, Social Darwinism, and progressivism change the
countries in which they occurred?
21. How were indigenous people affected by the era of modernization in one country of the region?
22. Describe the changes that African Americans underwent from 1865 to 1929 in the United States
and one country of Latin America.
23. Analyze the influence of foreign powers in the development of one post-independence Latin
American country.
24. Justify the position taken by the Conservative government in one Latin American country
during this era.
25. To what extent were the Progressive Era reforms in the United States a response to
modernization?
26. Compare and contrast the process of modernization in the United States and one Latin American
country.
27. To what extent were the actions of civil rights leaders such as Booker T. Washing, WEB
Dubois, and Marcus Garvey successful during this era?
28. Evaluate the success of the governmental administration in one post-independence Latin
American country.
29. Why were some Canadian provinces not interested in Confederation by 1867?
30. Explain why there was a high level of immigration into one country of the region in the second
half of the nineteenth century.
31. Analyze the aims of caudillos in two newly independent countries in the Americas.
32. “Opponents of slavery in the Americas were united in their reasons for opposing slavery and in
their proposals for ending the practice.” Using one country in the region, explain to what extent
you agree with this statement.
33. Analyze the reasons for industrial development in one country of the region between 1865 and
1900.
34. Analyze the causes for the rise of the Progressive movement in the United States in the early
years of the twentieth century.
35. “Intellectuals made a significant impact on society.” With reference to one country of the
region in the period 1880–1919, to what extent do you agree with this statement?