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Standard Biology Genetics Test
Name: ______________________________________
Date: _____________ Period: ________ #: ________
Multiple Choice
Use the following information to answer the following questions:
T = tongue roller
t=non-tongue roller
T is dominant
t is recessive
1. This genotype (Tt) would be described as…
a. homozygous dominant
c. heterozygous
b. homozygous recessive
d. none of the above
2. The phenotype of the genotype (Tt) would be
a. tongue roller
c. non-tongue roller
b. partially able to roll tongue
d. none of the above
3. An allele is
a. one possible form of a trait
b. the physical appearance of a trait
c. all of the genetic information of a species
4. Gregor Mendel conducted his experiments on which organism?
a. pea plants
c. fruit flies
b. tortoises
d. finches
5. A gene is a
a. Region of DNA that codes for a protein
b. dominant allele
c. form of a trait
d. protein
6. We each have __________ copies of each of our chromosomes.
a. 1
c. 3
b. 2
d. 4
7. In a classic genetics experiment, such as those that Mendel conducted, the first generation of
plants (which are both homozygous or pure-breeding) is called the…
a. F1 generation
c. P generation
b. F2 generation
d. G generation
8. If two snapdragons are crossed, one with red flowers, one white flowers, and all the resulting
offspring have pink flowers, this is most likely an example of
a. co-dominance
c. simple dominance
b. incomplete dominance
d. multiple alleles
9. The color of a hydrangea flower is controlled both by genetics and by the pH of the soil it is
growing in. This is an example of a trait that is
a. controlled both by genetics and the environment
b. controlled by multiple alleles
c. controlled by multiple alleles AND genes
d. controlled by simple dominance
10. Hemophilia, male pattern baldness, and color-blindness are both examples of
a. multiple alleles
c. polygenic trait
b. simple dominance
d. sex-linked, or x-linked traits
11. Researchers found that some traits are not inherited in predictable ratios that can be
calculated through Punnett squares. This is because they are close to one another on the same
______________ and are considered ______________.
a. nucleus; sex-linked
b. chromosome; linked
c. organism; codominant
d. gene; polygenic
12. Which of the sex chromosomes is larger? (Containing more genes?)
a. X
b. Y
13. Who would be more likely to have a recessive sex-linked trait?
a. a male
b. a female
14. Dominant traits are always more common than recessive traits.
a. true
b. false
Punnett Square Problems
Use the following information & Punnett square set-up to answer the below questions.
T=tall
t=short
Use the following options to fill in your answers on your scantron for the Punnett square:
a. TT
b. Tt
c. tt
T
T
t
15.
TT
16. Tt
17.
Tt
18. tt
t
19. The parents crossed in the above Punnett square
a. are both tall
c. are both short
b. one is tall and one is short
d. both are of medium height
20. The genotypes of the parents would be described as
a. both homozygous dominant
b. one homozygous dominant, and one homozygous recessive
c. both heterozygous
d. one homozygous dominant, and one heterozygous
21. There is a ___________% of chance of the offspring being tall.
a. 100
b. 75
c. 50
d. 25
e. 0
Set up a Punnett square cross between a female short plant (across the top) with a homozygous
dominant male plant. Answer questions based on this cross. Use the following options to fill out
your scantron. Make sure you fill in the correct numbers.
T=tall
t=short
a. T
b. t
22.
c. TT
t
d. Tt
e. tt
23.t
24.T
25.
Tt
26.Tt
27.T
28.
Tt
29. Tt
30. In this cross, what percentage of the offspring will be short?
a. 100
c. 50
b. 75
d. 25
e. 0
31. If you wanted all short plants, what genotypes would you cross?
a. Tt X Tt
c. TT X TT
b. tt X tt
d. TT X tt
32. Will the following cross produce albino lemmings with SHORT tails?
BBLl X BbLl
B=brown (not albino)
b=albino (white)
a. yes
L=long tails
l= short tails
b. no
You will receive points both for correct answers as well as your work.
B=brown (not albino)
b=albino (white)
L=long tails
l= short tails
A female heterozygous (for both traits) lemming is bred with an albino male with a short tail.
Set up the Dihybrid Cross in the Punnett square below & answer the following questions.
BL
Bl
bL
bl
BbLl
Bbll
bbLl
bbll
BbLl
Bbll
bbLl
bbll
bl
BbLl
Bbll
bbLl
bbll
bl
BbLl
Bbll
bbLl
bbll
bl
bl
33. What is the genotype of the mother?
a. BBLL
b. BbLl
c. BbLL
d. bbll
e. bbLl
34. What is the genotype of the father?
a. BBLL
b. BbLl
c. BbLL
d. bbll
e. bbLl
35. Choose the correct set of allele combinations in the female’s gametes (reproductive cells)
a. bl, bl, bl, bl
c. BL, BL, bL, bl
b. BL, bL, bL, BL
d. BL, Bl, bL, bl
36. What percentage of the offspring will have both recessive traits? (Be albino with short tails)?
a. 100%
b. 75%
c. 50%
d. 25%
e. 0%
37. If for your next batch of lemmings you do NOT want any albino offspring, which father
should you choose? (their genotypes are shows below)
a. BBll
c. BbLl
e. bbll
b. Bbll
d. bbLL
38. If a mother with an AB blood type has a child with a man with O blood type, what blood
type(s) could their child have? FILL OUT THE PUNNETT SQUARE (this will be graded)
a. B
b. A or B
c. A, B or O
d. A, B, or AB
e. A, B, AB, or O
39. Can a mother with A blood type and a father with B blood type have a child with O blood
type? (Hint: there are multiple options for the parents’ genotypes in this cross, so you might
want to carry out multiple Punnett squares). Carry out at least one possible cross in a Punnett
square (this will be graded).
a. yes
b. no
A
O
B
AB
BO
O
AO
OO
40. Two oompah loompahs with purple hair decide to have children. What are the possible hair
colors that their children might have? Carry the cross in a Punnett square (this will be
graded).
B=blue
R=red
a. just blue
b. just red
c. red, blue, or purple
d. purple only
B
R
B
BB
BR
R
BR
RR
The below genes control coat color in cats. Calico cats have spots of both black and orange. The
black and orange alleles are sex-linked and codominant. Carry the cross in a Punnett square
(this will be graded).
XB =black
XO = orange
41. In a cross between a calico female and a black male, what percentage of the kittens will be
black?
XB
XO
XB
XB XB
XB XO
Y
XB Y
XO Y
a. 100%
b. 75%
c. 50%
d. 25%
e. 0%
42. Required short answer for everyone. How is it possible for two parents with a certain
form of a trait to have a child that has a different form of the trait? (EX: My sister has
blonde hair but both of her parents have brown hair).
Yes. The parents can both be carries for a dominant trait. In other words, they are both
heterozygous, so can both pass on the recessive form of the allele to their offspring.
43. Short Answer—choose 1. Answer below in complete sentences. You may answer more
than one for extra points.
1. Why were pea plants a good organism for Mendel to conduct genetic experiments on?
2. Choose a trait that is controlled both by genetics and an organisms’ environment. Explain
how each factor (genetic & environment) influences the trait. Be as specific as possible!!!
4. Why can calico cats only be female?
5. Why are males more likely to have a recessive sex-linked trait?
6. Explain why (think about the surface of the blood cells) a person with type O blood
cannot receive blood of any type other than O type.
Bonus Problems
1. Who is Thomas Hunt Morgan and what did he contribute to genetics?
2. Which blood type is the universal donor and WHY?
3. Which blood type is the universal plasma donor and WHY?