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PE/Health vocabulary words 1. warm up= any activity that gets the body (ie. heart and muscles) ready for exercise and helps prevent injury 2. cool down= any activity that helps the body (ie. heart and muscles) recover after a workout (usually includes easy movements and light stretching) 3. aerobic exercise= steady activity in which the heart (and lungs) can supply all the oxygen the muscles need (example= jogging) 4. anaerobic exercise= physical activity done in short, fast bursts in qwhich the heart (and lungs) cannot supply blood and oxygen as fast as the muscles use it (example=windsprints) 5. abdominals= muscles below ribcage in front of body; used in sit-ups, maintaining good posture) 6. pectorals= chest muscles; used in push-ups, bench press 7. pelvis= bones making up the hip and lower backbone; sit behind lower abdominals 8. sternum= breastbone (actually made of cartilage) 9. frequency= how often you do an activity each week (FITT) 10. intensity= how hard you work at an activity each session (FITT) 11. time= how long you work out at each session (FITT) 12. type= which activities you select for a workout session (FITT) 13. biceps= large muscle in front of upper arm; bends arm 14. triceps= muscle at back of arm; straightens arm 15. humerus= large bone in upper arm 16. ulna= bone in forearm that remains still during movement; lies beneath radius 17. radius= bone in forearm that rotates during movement; is above ulna 18. muscular strength= the amount of force a muscle can exert (important in explosive sprints or sports) 19. muscular endurance= the ability of the muscles to perform physical tasks over a period of time without becoming fatigued (important in long runs or games) 20. cardiorespiratory endurance= the ability of the heart, lungs, and blood vessels to use and send fuel and oxygen to the body’s tissues during long periods of activity 21. flexibility= the ability to move the joints through a full range of motion 22. hamstrings= large muscles at the back of the upper leg; bends the leg 23. quadriceps= large muscles on the front of the upper leg; straightens the leg 24. femur= large bone in the upper leg; largest bone in the body 25. tibia= large bone in lower leg; inside bone; ‘shin bone’ 26. fibula= small bone in lower leg; outside bone 27. body composition= all of the tissues that together make up the body; bone, muscle, skin, fat, body organs 28. obesity= having a large excess of fat in relation to your muscle mass 29. dehydration= lack of adequate amount of water 30. hydration= a sufficient amount of water; to restore/maintain fluid balance 31. deltoids= shoulder muscles on upper arm; lifts arm; ‘throwing’ muscle 32. trapezius= muscles leading from shoulder to neck; lifts shoulder 33. scapula= shoulder blade; with clavicle and humerus, forms shoulder joint 34. clavicle= collar bone