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Transcript
Biology 11 Notes: Bacteria FYI April 2011 – Prokaryotes outnumber all eukaryotes combined! General Characteristics: -lack a nucleus and membrane bound organelles (therefore prokaryotic) -cell wall -microscopic / unicellular (some colonies) -asexual reproduction -roughly 4000 classified species (estimated to be around 400 000 to 4 million species!) *Only a minority of bacteria cause disease… majority are essential to all life on earth. Diagram: capsule: protective layer outside the cell wall, only on some bacteria pilli: bridging structures Classifying Bacteria: I) Based on Origin Archaebacteria – ancient bacteria (live in extreme environments) Eubacteria – true bacteria II) Based on Shape III) Based on Cell Wall Gram + have a thick cell wall composed of mostly peptidoglycan (stain violet) Gram – have an outer cell membrane which hides the cell wall’s peptidoglycan (stain pink) Life Process Nutrition Bacteria Life Processes Review: Notes Heterotrophs: -parasites (live in or around another organism) or -saprophytes (decomposers) Autotrophs: -photosynthetic autotrophs (eg. Cyanobacteria) or -chemosynthetic autotrophs Most are: -aerobic (require O2) Respiration Some are: -facultative anaerobes (use O2 if available but can undergo aerobic respiration) or -obligate anaerobes (grow slowly or can be killed if O2 is present) Asexual reproduction (see figure below) -aka. binary fission -cell division (but not technically Mitosis… why??) -example of exponential population growth Reproduction Conjugation (see figure below) -exchanging of genetic material -simple sexual reproduction Spore formation -some species can form an endospore in unfavourable conditions (dormant phase) Binary Fission Conjugation