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Chapter 25 Study Guide
World History AP
Chapter 25 Summary
As World War II drew to a close, another and potentially more devastating conflict began. A
struggle for supremacy ignited between the world's two superpowers, the United States and the Soviet
Union. The struggle began in Europe, splitting the continent into two armed camps. Their ideological split
soon spread around the world, however, and pulled both nations into local conflicts. This Cold War
struggle dominated both nations' foreign policy and sucked them into regional conflicts such as Korea and
Vietnam. A prolific nuclear arms race also ensued. By the 1980s China added a third side to the conflict,
and the U.S. and China developed diplomatic relations. The Soviets and Americans continued to compete
for world influence through economics, but the threat of military conflict slipped away.
Chapter 25 Outline
Collapse of the Grand Alliance
Truman Doctrine and the Marshall Plan
Europe Divided
Cold War in Asia
Chinese Civil War
Korean War
Conflict in Indochina
From Confrontation to Coexistence
Khrushchev and the Era of Peaceful Coexistence
Cuban Missile Crisis
Sino-Soviet Dispute
Second Indochina War
Era of Equivalence
An End to Détente?
Countering the "Evil Empire"
Conclusion
World History AP: Chapter 25
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Terms and Persons to Know
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collapse of Yalta agreement
one-party Communist governments
Tito
iron curtain
Truman Doctrine
Marshall Plan
partitioning of Germany and Berlin
denazification
Berlin Air Lift
German Federal Republic (FRG)
German Democratic Republic (GDR)
North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
Council for Mutual Economic Assistance
(COMECON)
Cold War
Chiang Kai-shek
Chinese Civil War
Communists and Nationalists
Mao Zedong
People's Liberation Army (PLA)
"soft on communism"
White Paper
Korean War
Manchu Empire
38th parallel
United Nations
Ho Chi Minh
Vietminh Front
Vietnam
Democratic Republic of Vietnam (DRV)
Republic of Vietnam (RVN)
Georgy Malenkov
Nikita Khrushchev
"peaceful coexistence"
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intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM)
Third World
John F. Kennedy
Cuban Missile Crisis
Fidel Castro
Bay of Pigs
Sino-Soviet dispute
Vietnam War
regroupment zones
Dwight D. Eisenhower
Ngo Dinh Diem
Ho Chi Minh
Viet Cong
Diem
Lyndon Johnson
antiwar protests
Richard Nixon
Henry Kissinger
Sino-American relations
Leonid Brezhnev
détente
Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT I)
equivalence
Helsinki Agreement
Jimmy Carter
Afghanistan
Carter Doctrine
"Vietnam syndrome"
SALT II
Ronald Reagan
"evil empire"
Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI)
Central America
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Marshall Plan
mutual deterrence
NATO
Truman Doctrine
Warsaw Pact
Glossary
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ASEAN
Brezhnev Doctrine
collective security
consumer society
détente
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Primary Sources
Primary Sources concerning the Cold War:
The Truman Doctrine: Truman's Speech to Congress, March 12, 1947
 Why did Truman and Acheson believe in the necessity of the Truman Doctrine? What countries were their
primary concern? How did geography play a crucial part in their concern?
 What was the purpose of the Marshall Plan? How did the Soviets interpret the plan?
It's Not Our Fault: U.S. State Department White Paper on China, 1949
 What three possibilities does this document suggest were feasible in China after World War II?
 Why was the third chosen? Why did it fail?
 What other opinions about the victory of the communists in China were being voiced in the United States in
1949?
A Plea for Peaceful Coexistence: Khrushchev's Speech to the Chinese, 1959
 What arguments does Khrushchev make here for peaceful coexistence?
 Why did his arguments fail to persuade Mao Zedong?
 Is it true that socialist countries do not engage in imperialism?
Combating the Americans: Statement of the National Liberation Front of South Vietnam
 Who were the NLF? What was their goal?
A Manual for Revolutionaries: Lin Biao, "Long Live the Victory of People's War"
 Why did Lin Biao term North America and Western Europe "the cities of the world" and Asia, Africa, and
Latin America "the rural areas of the world"?
 Why did he believe that latter would prevail over the former?
Documents on the End of the Cold War:
Nixon Plays His China Card: The Shanghai Communiqué
 What was "the Taiwan question" to which Nixon refers in this document? Why could China and the United
States not resolve this issue?
 What methods does Nixon describe that were intended to normalize relations between the United States and
China?
 Why would "normalization" benefit both countries?
Internet Exploration
To read the letters from Khrushchev to John F. Kennedy concerning the Cuban Missile Crisis, visit
http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/archives/x2jfk.html
To see and read about the Vietnam War, visit
http://thewall-usa.com/
To see a complete history of the Korean War, visit
http://www.koreanwar.org/
World History AP: Chapter 25