Download Chapter 26 -- APUSH Student Guide

Chapter 26: America in a World at War (roughly 1941-1945)
Themes (as stated on the textbook's website):
I.
"The initial American strategies for fighting the European and Pacific fronts, and the military
engagements that characterized the first half of the war.
II.
The profound effect of World War II on the American economy, and the attempts by the
Roosevelt administration to stabilize the wartime economic boom
III.
The impact of the war experience on organized labor and minorities at home.
IV.
The development of advanced technologies during the war and their impact on the course of
the conflict.
V.
The events leading to Allied victory in Germany and Japan, culminating in the fall of Berlin
and President Truman's decision to use the Atomic Bomb."
The Student Online Learning Center for Alan Brinkley's, American History: A Survey, 12th Ed. (New York: McGrawHill 2007). June 1, 2007 <http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0073124923/student_view0/chapter28/>.
Main topics:
I.
War on Two Fronts
a.
Containing the Japanese
i. Read the first paragraph under Containing the Japanese -- how were things for
the US soon after the attacks on Pearl Harbor?
ii. The US planned two broad offensives in the Pacific to turn the tides -- explain.
1.
b.
How did the US do in these offensives?
Holding off the Germans
i. What were the military options for FDR in Europe?
1.
What did the British want?
2.
What did the Soviet Union want?
3.
Which "plan" did FDR choose?
a.
How did this choice affect US relations with our allies?
ii. Why did FDR hold off (a second time) from a cross-channel invasion?
1.
And what is a "cross-channel" invasion?
2.
What impact, again, did this decision have on our allies -- particularly
Russia?
c.
US and the Holocaust
i. What was the Holocaust?
1.
Who was killed? Why?
ii. What response did the US government have to the public pressure calling for the
end of killing Jews and others?
1.
II.
What was the St. Louis?
The American People in Wartime
a.
Like WWI, WWII was a total war -- what is total war?
b.
Prosperity
i. WWII ended the Great Depression -- how and why?
c.
War and the West
i. Why did the War have such an impact on the West?
d.
Labor and the War
i. What impact did the War have on the labor movement?
e.
1.
How did the War give a boost to the union?
2.
What did unions "give up" during this war period?
a.
Little Steel Formula:
b.
"No Strike" Pledge:
3.
Did strikes stop during WWII?
4.
What prompted the Smith-Connolly Act of 1943? What was it?
Stabilizing the Boom
i. To stabilize the economy, Congress passed the Anti-Inflation Act of 1942.
What did it do and how was it enforced? Was it successful?
f.
Mobilizing Production
i. What was the War Production Board (WPB)? Was it a success?
ii. What was the Office of War Mobilization? Was it successful?
g.
Wartime Science and Technology
i. At the beginning of the War, with whom did almost all of the technological
advantages lie? Germany and Japan.
1.
The US and England did have some advantages, however:
a.
Assembly lines
b.
Reactive technology:
ii. What other areas of wartime technology expanded during this time?
iii. What was the British Ultra Project and the American Magic Operation?
h.
African-Americans and the War
i. Who was Phillip Randolph and what did he call for?
ii. To avoid racial conflict, FDR established the Fair Employment Practices
Commission -- what did it do and how effective was it?
iii. More African-Americans (in search of work) moved to northern cities (where
demand was great) than ever before.
iv. What was the Congress of Racial Equality? What did they do?
v. How did the military deal with African-Americans?
i.
Native Americans and the War
i. Why did it make sense that many Native Americans were code talkers?
j.
Mexican American War Workers
i. What was the status of Mexican workers during WWII?
ii. What were "contract" laborers?
iii. What effect did the migration of Mexicans to large cities have on those cities?
k.
1.
What was a "zoot suit?"
2.
What were the Zoot Suit Riots in LA?
Women and Children at War
i. Women
1.
What was the impact of the War on women?
2.
How was work still given to women in "female" terms?
ii. Children
1.
What is a latchkey child? How does this apply to children during the
WWII Era?
2.
What were children doing during WWII?
iii. How did prosperity during WWII impact the following:
l.
1.
Marriages
2.
Divorce
3.
Birth rate
Wartime Life and Culture
i. Wartime life in American consisted of both anxiety and prosperity
ii. How did advertisers capitalize on the War?
1.
Example?
iii. Soldiers abroad dreamed about what back home?
1.
How did the military capitalize on these dreams?
a.
What was the United Service Organizations (USO)?
m. Internment of the Japanese
i. What led to the internment of the Japanese?
ii. What did the Supreme Court say in the Korematsu v. US case?
n.
Chinese Americans and the War
i. What were relations like with the Chinese during the War?
1.
o.
What was a manifestation of these "better" relations?
Retreat from Reform
i. Why, during this time, were many New Deal reforms modified or dismantled?
ii. FDR wins the 1944 Election (with a new VP Harry Truman, a Sen. from
Missouri)
III.
The Defeat of the Axis
a.
Liberation of France
i. What led up to D Day?
1.
What does the D stand for?
2.
What actually was D Day?
a.
What threw off the Germans about the attack that occurred on
D Day?
ii. What occurred -- militarily in Europe -- after D Day?
iii. The War in Europe seems to have concluded; but the War in the Pacific was not
over just yet
b.
The Pacific Offensive
i. What (in 1944) occurred in the Pacific that helped the United States prevail in
WWII?
ii. As American forces moved closer to Japan, resistance became more fierce:
1.
Iwo Jima (1945):
2.
Okinawa (1945):
a.
What manifestation was there of Japanese desperation and / or
resistance during this battle?
iii. What signs were there that showed that Japan was becoming weaker?
c.
The Manhattan Project
i. What was the Manhattan Project?
1.
What caused the US to begin a program to develop a nuclear weapon?
2.
Where did research for this technology and weapon take place?
a.
Columbia, Berkeley, the University of Chicago, Oak Ridge,
TN, Los Alamos NM
3.
What was the Trinity Bomb?
ii. Atomic Warfare -- Hiroshima and Nagasaki
1.
What are the reasons stated for the use of the atomic bomb?
a.
Terms:
With which theory do you agree?