Download Name: Date: ______ Period: ____ Instructions: Read the text. Use

The Skeletal and Muscular Systems
Name: _____________________
Date: __________
Period: ____
Instructions:
1. Read the text.
2. Use the text and the descriptions to help you to label the diagram and answer the questions.
Part 1. NAMING THE BONES OF THE SKELETON
The human skeleton contains 206 bones. If you ever break a bone or suffer from a bone disease, your
doctor will use the bones’ scientific names to describe your condition; it could be very useful for you to
know the names of the most common bones.
Diagram A
Diagram B
Part 2. NAMING THE MUSCLES OF THE HUMAN BODY
Think of the different ways in which you can move your body. While throwing a ball, for example,
you grip with your fingers, raise your arm, bend your wrist, and arch your back. Suddenly your arm swings
down, your wrist moves forward, your back flexes, your fingers straighten, and you release the ball. You
continually shift your weight and reposition, your legs; your shoulders and your other arm move to
accommodate the throwing movement and to keep and maintain balance; your head moves as you watch the
target or the flight of the ball.
All of these movements happen because the muscles in your arm, neck, shoulder, back, trunk, legs,
hands, and feet are attached to your skeleton, and these muscles pull your bones. In this project, you will
learn to name and describe some of the major muscles that move your skeleton.
Conclusion Questions:
1. Another set of bones, similar to the carpals, are called “tarsals.” What part of the foot do the
tarsals make?
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2. On the foot, the short bones that are similar to the metacarpals are called “metatarsals.” What part
of the foot do the metatarsals make?
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3. The lower arm has two long bones, the ulna and the radius. Why do you think it is necessary to have
two bones in the lower arm instead of just one?
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4. Many murder mysteries feature a corpse with a dagger through its ribs; obviously, the ribs do not do
a perfect job of protecting the organs inside them. Better protection could be provided by a solid
bony case like the skull; can you see any disadvantages in such an arrangement? Explain.
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5. Suppose your brain were protected only by a set of bones with openings between them, like the ribs.
Would this be satisfactory? Explain your answer.
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6. Match each muscle to its function. One letter will be used more than once.
____The muscle that tilts your head backward
____The triangular muscle that helps you to lift your arm above your head
a. biceps femoris
____The muscle that helps to lift you onto your toes
b. trapezius
____The muscle that pulls your leg back as you prepare to kick a ball
c. sartoris
____The muscle that pulls your leg rapidly forward so that you can kick the ball
d. gastrocnemius
____The muscle that straightens your arm
e. triceps brachii
____The muscle that shrugs your shoulders
f. deltoid
____The muscle that helps you to sit with your legs crossed
g. pectoralis
____The muscle that helps you to move your arm toward your body
major
7. Explain how the skeletal and muscular systems work together.
h. rectus femoris
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