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Name: _________________________ Date: ____________
Period: ___________ Assignment #: ________
Mutations
What are mutations?
 Any change in a _____________________________________________.
 Mutations occur at ________________________.
The Genetic Code
 Chromosomes are made of ____________.
 Each chromosome contains thousands of ___________________.
 The sequence of ______________ in a gene forms a code that tells the cell what _______________ to produce.
Types of Mutations
 Changes in a ______________________________
 Changes in ________________________________
o Too many or too few
o Extra segments of DNA added
The Genetic Code & Mutations
 Mutations can cause a cell to produce an ______________________________protein.
 This causes the organism’s trait, or _____________________________, to be different from what it normally
would have been.
 Mutations that occur in a _______________________ can be passed on to an ___________________________and
affect the offspring’s phenotype.
Effects of Mutations
 Mutations are ____________________if they reduce the organism’s chances for survival and reproduction.
 Mutations can be ___________________ when they give rise to new adaptations through natural selection.
 Mutations can also be ____________________ (neither harmful nor helpful). Ex: the six-toed cat
 Determining whether a mutation is harmful or helpful depends on an organism’s _____________________.
Examples of “Harmful” Mutations
 Mutation that led to the production of a ____________________________ kangaroo in the wild.
 Mutations that have led to ____________________________________ in humans.
Examples of “Helpful” Mutations
 Mutations that make bacteria _________________________ to certain antibiotics. Bacteria that have the
mutation are not killed by the antibiotic. These bacteria survive to grow and __________________________.
 Mutations that improve an organism’s _______________________________. Can blend into their
environment, less visible to ___________________________________.
Genes, Mutations & Natural Selection
 In ____________________________________________, individuals that are better adapted to their environment
are more likely to survive and reproduce than other members of the same species.
 Having the right or favorable genetic traits, especially during _________________________________________,
allows for the survival of a species. These traits are then passed on to their ___________________________.
 In other words, overtime, favorable _______________________________ lead to the evolution of new
____________________________________________________.