Download 1) Treaty of kanagawa- A treaty signed in Japan at Kanagawa, now

1) Treaty of kanagawa- A treaty signed in Japan at Kanagawa, now part of Yokohama, on March
31, 1854, by Japan and the United States to allow U.S. ships into the ports of Hakodate and
Shimoda, where a U.S. consul was also accepted. It was proposed by U.S. Commdore Matthew
C. Perry after he arrived in Tokyo Bay in July 1853 with a fleet of warships and demanded
supplies. The Japanese accepted it when he returned in February 1854, and it was the first treaty
Japan signed with a Western country.
2) “Seward’s Folly- the transaction in 1867 in which the United States Secretary of State William
Henry Seward purchased Alaska from Russia
3) Alfred Thayer Mahan- Alfred Thayer Mahan was not only a naval officer but also a historian. He
believed that the key to a great nation rested on a powerful navy.
4) Jingoism-extreme chauvinism or nationalism marked especially by a belligerent foreign policy
5) Yellow Journalism- Journalism that exploits, distorts, or exaggerates the news to create
sensations and attract readers.
6) William Randolph-Considered a very dominant figure in the 20th century communications and
one of the leding figures in the Spanish-American War. He was a yellow journalism writer who
liked to exagerate the news.He played a huge part in arousing the people to go to war with
Spain.
7) Spanish- American War (1898)- War fought to help Cuba gain its independence from Spain. This
war made Theodore Roosevelt famous with his “Rough Riders”, the war also brought Cuba
under the U.S. Protectorate and outrigt the control of Puerto Rico and the Phillipines.
8) De Lome Letter- Presidnet McKinkey negotiation to avoid war between US and Spain.
9) Remember the Maine, to hell with Spain- is an out cry of the people of the United States to war
with Spain as a result of the Sinkinf of the Maine.
10) Teller Amendment- An amendment sponsored by Republican senator Henry M. Teller and
adopted by Congress on April 20, 1898. It authorized the use of U.S. military force to establish
Cuban independence from Spain. It followed President William McKinley's request for force on
April 11 and was supported in lieu of a U.S. annexation of Cuba. A U.S. protectorate over the
island was established under the Platt Amendment.
11) Rough Riders-was the name bestowed on the 1st United States Volunteer Cavalry, one of three
such regiments raised in 1898 for the Spanish-Anerican War and the only one of the three to see
action.
12) Queen Liliukalani- was the last reigning monarch of the Hawaiian islands. She felt her mission
was to preserve the islands for their native residents. In 1898, Hawaii was annexed to the United
States and Queen Liliuokalani was forced to give up her throne.
13) Emilio Aguinaldo-was the philippines leader, who led the insurrection agaisnt Spain in 1896 .
Later on when he came back from Hong Kong he went back to the Philippines in 1897 and led
the insurrection with U.S. Attacking formces.
14) “White Man's Burden”- The supposed or presumed responsibility of white people to govern and
impart their culture to nonwhite people, often advanced as a justification for European
colonialism.
15) Anti-imperialist League- was founded in November 1898 to oppose America's territorial
expansion, especially the acquisition of the Philippine Islands. In October 1899, the original
organization became the New England chapter of a national American Anti-Imperialist League,
based in Chicago. The League also opposed the annexation of Hawaii and the treaty to end the
Spanish American War.
16) Insular Cases- are a group of‐ some fourteen decisions of the period 1901–1904 that involve
the application of the Constitution and Bill of Rights to overseas territories.The cases arose after
the United States acquired island territories through the treaty ending the Spanish‐ American
War (1898).
17) Platt Amendment- Rider appended to a U.S. Army appropriations bill stipulating conditions for
withdrawing of U.S. troops remaining in Cuba after the Spanish-American War. The
amendment, which was added to the Cuban constitution of 1901,allowed the United States to
maintain its naval base at Guantanamo Bay and to intervene in Cuban Affairs.
18) Open Door Policy- Statement of U.S. foreign policy toward China. Issued by U.S. secretary of
state John Hay (1899), the statement reaffirmed the principle that all countries should have
equal access to any Chinese port open to trade.
19) Boxer Rebellion- Beginning in 1898, groups of peasants in northern China began to band
together into a secret society known as I-ho ch'üan ("Righteous and Harmonious Fists"), called
the "Boxers" by Western press.By late 1899, bands of Boxers were massacring Christian
missionaries and Chinese Christians.
20) “Big Stick Policy"-Policy named after President Thodore Roosevelt to describe the assertion of
U.S. Dominance as a moral imperative.It was taken from the African proverb, “speak softly and
carry a big stick; you will go far”. Roosevelt first used this to when he asked congress for
money to increase U.S. Naval prepardness to support his diplomatic objectives. The press used
the phrase to describe Roosevelt Latin American policy and his domestic policy of regulating
monopolies.
21) Roosevelt Corollary- It authorized U.S. intervention in the affairs of neighboring American
countries in order to counter threats posed to U.S. security and interests.
22) Panama Canal-was begun by the French in 1881, but the project was abandoned in 1889.The
United States gained construction rights after Panama declared its Independence in 1903, and
the canal was opened to traffic on August 15,1914. A 1977 treaty stipulated that the
Panamanians gained full rights of sovereignty over the canal on December 31,1999.
23) Treaty of Portsmouth(1905)-Peace settlement that ended the Russo-Japanese War. It was
mediated by President Theodore Roosevelt and signed at the U.S. naval base near Portsmouth,
N.H. By its terms, Russia recognized Japan as the dominant power in Korea and ceded its leases
to Port Arthur (now Lüshun) and the Liaodong Peninsula, as well as the southern half of
Sakhalin, to Japan. Both powers agreed to restore Manchuria to China.
24) Gentleman's Agreement- was an informal agreement between theU.S.and the Empire Of Japan
whereby the U.S. would not impose restriction on Japanese immigration or students, and Japan
would not allow further emigration to the U.S. The goal was to reduce tensions between the two
powerful Pacific nations. The agreement was never ratified by Congress, which in 1924 ended
it.
25) “Dollar Diplomacy”- is the term used to describe the "good chiss effort" of the United States —
particularly under President William Howard Taft— to further its aims in Latin America and
East Asia through use of its economic power by guaranteeing loans made to foreign countries.
26) Henry Cabot Lodge,Sr- suppoerted entry of the U.S.to world war I but opposed participation in
the League of Nations. He proposed the lodge Reservaios that would require the Senate's
approval before the U.S.would accept certain League decisions. President Woodrow Wilson
refused to accept this Amendment.
27) Jones Act- Federal law passed in 1920 that allows any seaman incurring bodily injury as the
result of the performance of one or more functions of the job to bring a suit for damages against
the employer. The employer's exposures under the act consist of negligence, unseaworthiness of
the vessel, and disability income for the injured man or woman.
28) “Moral Diplomacy”- President Wilson's policy of condemning imperialism spreading
democracy and promoting peace.
29) Tampico Incident- started off as a minor incident involving U.S. Sailors anad Mexican land
forces loyal to General Victoriano Huerta during the guerra de las facciones phase of the
Mexican Revolution.The misunderstanding occurred on April 9, 1914, but would fully transpire
into the breakdown of diplomatic relations between the two countries, and the occupation of the
port city of Veracruz for over six months.
30) Pancho Villa-was one of the prominent Mexican Revolutionary Generals. He was like a Robin
Hood who stole Haciendas to distribute it with the poor.
31) John J. Pershing- was a general officer in the U.S. Army.He also led the American
expeditionary Force in Word War I abd mentors to American generals whe were in World War
II.
32) “Colossus of the North” -typically used by those who view the country as oppressive to its
southern neighbors. Popular Hispanic sentiment grew against this supposed Colossus in the
early 20th century, particularly after American interference in Nicaragua and Panama for
economic purposes.