Download Supplement 1: Complete set of magneto static data

Supplement 1: Complete set of magneto static data
In Fig. S1 we present the magnetization curves of all composites, LNO50-CFO50, LNO70-CFO30
and LNO80-CFO20. As expected, the magnetization of the composites decreases with CFO
content.
40
LNO50-CFO50
M / emug
-1
30
20
LNO70-CFO30
10
LNO80-CFO20
0
-10
-20
-30
-40
-15000-10000 -5000
0
5000 10000 15000
H / Gauss
Fig. S1: MH curves for LNO100-x-CFOx composites
1
Supplement 2: Dielectric relaxation data for LNO70CFO30 and LNO80CFO20
composites
As shown in Fig. S2 and Fig. S3, all composites display dielectric relaxation. The dielectric loss
spectra displayed in Fig. S2 show dispersion at low frequencies are characterized by a VogelFulcher temperature of Tvf=130K for LNO70CFO30. The loss maximum shifts to higher
temperatures as frequency increases; applying a magnetic field of 100G shifts the temperature of
the loss maximum by 12K.
Dielectric loss
3
2
1Hz
2.15Hz
4.64Hz
10Hz
21.5Hz
46.4Hz
100Hz
(a)
215Hz
464Hz
1KHz
2.15KHz
4.64KHz
10KHz
1
0
3
Dielectric loss
(b)
2
1
0
350
400
450
500
Temperature / K
Fig. S2: Dielectric loss as function of temperature and frequency for LNO70CFO30: (a) without
magnetic field (b) with a magnetic field of 100Gauss
2
The dielectric loss spectra displayed in Fig. S3 show dispersion at low frequencies
characterized by a Vogel-Fulcher temperature of Tvf=170K for LNO80CFO20. The loss maximum
shifts to higher temperatures as frequency increases. No magnetically induced shift of the
dielectric dispersion was evident in LNO80CFO20.
Dielectric loss
3.0
2.5
2.0
1Hz
2.15Hz
4.64Hz
10Hz
21.5Hz
46.4Hz
100Hz
215Hz
464Hz
1KHz
2.15KHz
4.64KHz
10KHz
(a)
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0
3.0
(b)
Dielectric loss
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0
350
400
450
500
Temperature / K
Fig. S3: Dielectric loss as function of temperature and frequency for LNO80CFO20: (a)without
magnetic field (b) with a magnetic field of 100Gauss
3
Supplement 3: Magnotoelectric relaxation data for LNO70CFO30 and
LNO80CFO20 composites
In general, the composites show magnetoelectric relaxation at low bias fields. Details of the
relaxation behavior between systems were not investigated. The magnetization as a function of
the applied electric voltage shows magnetoelectric relaxation at a low magnetic field of 10G. At
3000G the magnetization responds without relaxation to the applied voltage, see Figs. S4, S5.
33.8
(a) LNO70-CFO30 10G
M / emucm-3
33.7
33.6
33.5
33.4
33.3
33.2
33.1
33.0
0
100
200
300
400
500
Time / s
(b) LNO70-CFO30 3KG
87.1
M / emucm-3
87.0
86.9
86.8
86.7
86.6
86.5
86.4
86.3
0
100
200
300
Time / s
400
500
Fig. S4: Magnetic moment switched by an electric field of 106V/m in LNO70CFO30: (a) At a bias
magnetic field of 10Gauss (b) At a magnetic field of 3000Gauss
4
33.8
(a) LNO80CFO20 10G
M / emucm-3
33.7
33.6
33.5
33.4
33.3
33.2
33.1
33.0
32.9
0
100
200
300
400
500
Time / S
76.7
(b) LNO80-CFO20 3KG
76.6
M / emucm-3
76.5
76.4
76.3
76.2
76.1
76.0
75.9
75.8
0
100
200
300
400
500
Time / S
Fig. S5 Magnetism switched by an electric field of 106V/m in LNO80CFO20 (a) At a bias
magnetic field of 10Gauss (b) At a magnetic field of 3000Gauss
5
Supplement 4: Evaluation of the maximum of the dielectric loss - VogelFulcher temperature, fitting procedure.
Figure S6 displays the temperature dependence of the dielectric loss, which was deconvoluted to
determine the temperature at which of the loss maximum occurs. For that purpose we found an
analytical expression for the background (blue in Fig. S6) by interpolating between the red
segments, also shown in Fig. S6. The functional approximation of the background loss is given
A
by y  y 0 
, y0=70.7, xc=248, w=1220, A=-108000. It was
( x  xc ) 2

 w  exp( 2 
)
2
w2
subtracted from the experimental data and the difference, shown in Fig. S6 (light green) and fit to
a Gaussian y  y 0 
2A


w2
, y0=1.18, Tm=408, w=68.9, A=-104. An example
(4  (T  Tm )) 2  w 2
of the data fitting process is displayed in Fig. S6.
3.0
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
Tm=407.4K
0.5
0.0
300
350
400
450
Temperature / K
500
Fig. S6: Example of the fitting procedure to obtain the temperature of the dielectric loss
maximum.
Experimental data (black and red lines)
Background fitted to red experimental data (blue dashed line)
Background corrected data (light green line)
Gaussian fit to background corrected data (dark green dashed line)
6