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5th Grade
Science Lesson Guide
Unit 1: Classification of Organisms
Chapter 6, Lesson 1: How are living things grouped?
Classification
 grouping similar items/things together makes understanding them easier
 by identifying characteristics that living things share, scientists can group similar
organisms together
 the way organisms look, live, eat, move, grow, change, and reproduce
Grouping Living Things
 living organisms are classified into large groups called kingdoms
 all members of a specific kingdom have certain characteristics
 There are five kingdoms: Animals, Plants, Protists, Fungi, and Bacteria
 Animals: made of many cells, feed on other living or once living things
 Plants: have many cells, make their own food
 Fungi: multi-celled, absorb their food from the remains of other organisms
 Protists: mostly single-celled organisms, some make food, some take in food
 Bacteria: all single-celled, no nucleus, some make their food, some absorb food
like fungi
Smaller Groups
 Each kingdom is divided into smaller phylum, which is then divided into smaller
classes, which is then divided into smaller order, which is then divided into
smaller family, which is divided into smaller genus, which is divided into smaller
species
 Kingdom -> phylum -> class -> order -> family -> genus -> species
 Species is a unique kind of organism
 each organism is called by its two smallest group names—genus and species
Chapter 6, Lesson 2: What are vertebrates and Invertebrates?
Animals with a backbone
 the animal kingdom is divided into two large groups, those who have a backbone
and those that don’t
 an animal with a backbone is a vertebrate
 Vertebrates are classified into 5 phyla: mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, and
fish
 Mammals: have hair and produce milk for their young
 Birds: have feathers, which keep them warm and help most of them fly
 Reptiles: have scaly skin, and most lay their eggs on land
 Amphibians: begin life in water, but when they are adults, they live on land
 Fish: have scales and live their entire lives in water
Animals without a backbone
 Invertebrates are animals without a backbone
 They are the largest part of the animal kingdom (97%)
 Some examples:
o Sponges—the living kind—jellyfish, anemones, and coral
o Worms—roundworms, earthworms, etc
o Mollusks—octopus, squid, snails, clams, and oysters
o Echinoderms—sea stars, sand dollars, and sea urchins
o Arthropods—(have jointed legs and two or more body segments, its
skeleton is outside of its body) crustaceans (crabs, lobsters, and shrimp) or
insects (beetles, mosquitoes, butterflies, roaches)
o Arachnids—(have eight legs) mites, ticks, and scorpions
Structure and Function
 Structure is the form of a body part (ex. A wing)
 Function is what a structure does (ex. To fly)
 Scientist will classify based on structure or function depending on the animal.
(ex. Classifying grasshoppers and frogs—use structure. When looking at beaks
on birds—use function)
Chapter 6, Lesson 3: How are plants sorted into groups?
Nonvascular and Vascular Plants
 Nonvascular plants don’t have true roots, veins, or tissue for carrying materials
throughout the plant.
o Absorbs water and nutrients from its surroundings—the water carries the
food and nutrients from cell to cell
o Not tall (no tissues to provide suppot)
o Ex- moss

Vascular Plants have tissues that support the plants and carries water and food
o Roots, stems, and leaves contain vascular tissues
o Xylem carries water and nutrients from roots to other parts of the plant
o Phloem carries food from leaves to the rest of the plant
o can be large due to their support systems
o ex- Redwood trees, cacti, and orchids
Seed-Bearing Plants
 can be in the open, like on the cones of pine trees (gymnosperm)
 can be covered, like in fruit (angiosperm)