Download unit test human body study guide answer key

#40 Human Body Study Guide
Key
State standards for this unit
5. Describe the hierarchical organization of multicellular organisms from cells to tissues to organs to
systems to organisms.
6. Identify the general functions of the major systems of the human body (digestion, respiration,
reproduction, circulation, excretion, protection from disease, and movement, control, and coordination)
and describe ways that these systems interact with each other.
1. Fill in the blanks to show the pathway of a molecule of oxygen as it travels from the
air to a cell in your body.
Air  nose (nasal passages)  larynx/epiglottis  trachea  bronchus  lung 
alveoli  capillary (red blood cell)  vein  left atrium  valve  left ventricle 
valve aorta  arteries  capillary  body cell
2. Fill in the blanks to show the pathway of a molecule of carbon dioxide as it travels
from your body cell to the air. Hint: it’s not exactly the opposite of #1!
Body cell capillary  vein  right atrium  valve  right ventricle  artery 
capillary alveoli bronchus  trachea  larynx/epiglottis  nose/mouth  air
3. What are the levels of organization within a complex organism like a human, from
smallest to largest?
_____cell________
__tissue
organ
organ system
4. Arrange the following structures in order from smallest(1) to largest(2)
nervous system 4
neuron 1
brain 3
nerve tissue 2
5. Name the 3 types of muscle. Put a star next to the one(s) that is(are) voluntary
cardiac
smooth
*skeletal
6. Give an example of where you might find each of the types of muscles.
Cardiac: heart
smooth: digestive tract
skeletal: arms, legs
7. Explain the process of absorption that takes place in the small intestine.
The nutrients that have been chemically digested move through the villi where they are
absorbed into the bloodstream
8. Name the 6 organs that produce enzymes or other chemical digestive helpers:
mouth (saliva) , stomach (gastric juice with HCl), liver (bile), pancreas (enzymes), small
intestine (enzymes), gall bladder (stores bile)
9. Where does chemical digestion take place?
Mouth, stomach, small intestine (most here)
10. Where does mechanical digestion take place?
Mouth, stomach
11. The heart can be called a double pump. What does each side of the heart do?
Right- pumps oxygen-poor blood to the lungs
Left- pumps oxygen-rich blood to the body
12. Blood is a living tissue made up of 4 things. List them and their function.
Plasma- liquid part
RBC- carry oxygen
WBC- fight infection
Platelets- help clot blood
13. What happens to cause you to breathe?
Inhale: diaphragm contracts and moves down; chest muscles move up and out;
Exhale: diaphragm relaxes and moves up; chest moves in;
14. What is in each layer of skin?
Epidermis- dead cells on top,
Dermis- nerves, blood vessels, sweat glands, oil glands, hair follicle
15. Antibodies are produced in response to a specific antigen
16. What is the difference between the central and peripheral nervous system?
CNS includes brain and spinal cord; PNS includes nerves that come off spinal cord
17. Name the 3 parts of the brain and its function:
cerebrum: language, thinking, skeletal movement, senses
cerebellum: coordinating muscle movement; balance
medulla: heart rate, breathing, blood pressure, involuntary
18. Chemical messengers that travel through the blood and regulate bodily actions are
called
hormones
19. Which hormone is released by the pancreas and regulates blood sugar levels?
Insulin