Download Chemistry - Section 5.1 States of Matter

Grade 9 Academic Science – Chemistry 2013
Particle Theory
Section 5.1 and Section 5.2
Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space.
NOTE: In the entire universe, anything can be classified as either matter or energy.
The Particle Theory of Matter
1. Matter is made up of tiny particles: atoms and molecules
2. Particles of matter are in constant motion
3. Particles of matter are held together by very strong electrical forces
4. There are empty spaces between the particles of matter that are very large compared to
the particles themselves.
5. Each substance has unique particles that are different from the particles of other
substances
6. Temperature affects the speed of the particles. The higher the temperature, the faster
the speed of the particles.
The particle theory of matter explains the following scientific phenomena.
1. Pure substance are homogeneous (one phase - one unique kind of particle)
2. Physical Changes such as melting, evaporating, sublimating, dissolving, etc.
3. Physical Properties including density, viscosity, electrical conductivity,
thermal conductivity, boiling point, melting point, etc.
We are concerned mainly with the three primary states of matter: (1) solid, (2) liquid and (3) gas.
Task

Use your textbook to complete Table 1.
Table 1. Physical Properties of Each State of Matter
Property
Solid
Liquid
Gas
Shape
Volume
Ability to flow
Can be
compressed
Volume change
with heating
Physical Properties
 A physical property is a characteristic of a substance that can be determined without
changing the composition of the substance.
 They can be either qualitative (not measurable, descriptive) or quantitative (measurable
such as mass)
Table 2. Examples of Physical Properties
Physical State
Solid, liquid, gas
Colour
Green, blue, yellow, reddish-brown, etc
Odour
Odourless, spicy, nauseating, etc.
Clarity
Ability to let light through - clear, cloudy, opaque
Lustre
Shiny, dull
Form
Regular (crystalline), irregular (amorphous)
Texture
Fine, coarse, smooth, waxy, etc.
Hardness
Ability to be scratched easily…scale 1-10 (e.g., diamond – 10)
Brittleness
Ability to break apart / Shatter easily
Malleability
Ability to be folded into different shapes
Ductility
Ability to be stretched
Viscosity
Ability to flow or pour readily
Electrical
Conductivity
Ability to allow electric current to pass through it