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Who were the key people in the fight against disease in the nineteenth century?
Discovery/Develo Who made it?
pment
The cowpox
EDWARD
bacterium can be JENNER
used as a vaccine
for smallpox.
What did they do?
Jenner proved that injecting someone with the cowpox
bacterium could prevent smallpox by carrying out an
experiment on a young boy, James Phipps, and
injecting him with cowpox and then injecting him with
smallpox. Phipps did not develop smallpox. Pasteur
published his findings.
Pasteur was asked to find out what was making the
beer industries beetroot beer go sour. Through a series
of experiments he discovered that the beer was going
sour when it had germs in it.
Germs make
liquids go bad.
LOUIS PASTEUR
Germs in liquids
can be killed by
heat.
LOUIS PASTEUR
Pasteur boiled liquids which had germs in them and
then studied the liquid under a microscope to show
that all the germs had disappeared.
Germs are in the
air all around us.
LOUIS PASTEUR
Pasteur carried out a series of experiments which
different shaped flasks to show that germs were in the
air.
Germs cause
disease in
animals.
LOUIS PASTEUR
Louis Pasteur was asked by the French silk industry to
find out what was killing their silkworms. Through a
series of experiments, he proved that it was a germ.
Developed a
technique for
identifying the
specific bacteria
which caused
disease.
Developed a
technique for
finding germs
which are
invisible to the
human eye.
Developed a
range of vaccines
to prevent
disease.
ROBERT KOCH
Koch developed a method for extracting individual
germs from a group of bacteria. He could then inject
mice to discover which of these germs was the one that
caused a disease. Using this method he was able to
find the germs which caused anthrax, blood poisoning
and tuberculosis.
Koch used industrial dyes to stain bacteria. Using this
method he could make invisible germs like the germ
which caused blood poisoning visible so that it could be
experimented on.
ROBERT KOCH
LOUIS PASTEUR
In the 1880s, Pasteur discovered how vaccination
worked and developed vaccines, firstly against animal
disease – chicken cholera, anthrax – and then human
disease, rabies.