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1. Choose the following that best characterizes the formation of uncontrolled division of
cells or cancer.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
mutations in DNA for the protein which activates repair enzymes
mutation in genes for inhibiting the cell cycle
mutations in proto-oncogenes/tumor suppressor genes
active telomerase
All of the choices are correct.
2. Normal cells typically divide 60-70 times while cancer cells:
A.
B.
C.
D.
divide an unlimited number of times
divide twice that amount
may divide 60-70 times
are unable to divide
3. Cancer cells have abnormal nuclei because:
A.
B.
C.
D.
the nuclear membrane is malformed
there are too many nucleoli
the chromosomes are abnormal, often showing gene amplification
of the disappearance of chromosomes, making the nucleus smaller
4. What is the function of telomerase?
A.
B.
C.
D.
rebuild telomere sequences
destroy telomere sequences
connect different telomere sequences
separate different telomere sequences
5. Choose the following that is NOT a characteristic of cancer cells.
A.
B.
C.
D.
They do not differentiate.
They invade nearby tissues if malignant.
They secrete angiogenic growth factors.
They display contact inhibition.
6. When cancer cells metastasize:
A.
B.
C.
D.
tumors release growth factors
tumors spread throughout the body
tumors have nondifferentiated cells
tumors get larger and larger
7. Cancer cells are able to move about the body when:
A. T cells attach and carry the cancer cells to different tissues
B. they produce proteinase which degrades the basement membrane allowing
invasion of other tissues
C. telomeres attach to the basement membrane and pull cancer cells through to other
tissues
D. None of the choices are correct.
8. A mutation in the Bax gene results in:
A.
B.
C.
D.
less likelihood of apoptosis
less Bax protein present
possible tumor formation
All of the choices are correct.
9. Ras oncogenes
A.
B.
C.
D.
produce cyclin.
activate repair enzymes.
promote apoptosis.
activate cyclin.
10. Which of the following mutated genes ultimately results in increased cyclin activity?
A.
B.
C.
D.
p16
Ras
p53
both p16 and Ras
11. Stimulatory pathways are:
A. proto-oncogenes
B. tumor suppressor genes
12. Inhibitory pathways are:
A. proto-oncogenes
B. tumor suppressor genes
13. Which of the following proteins acts as a transcription factor involved in turning on
the expression of genes whose products are cell cycle inhibitors?
A.
B.
C.
D.
p13
p53
p92
p22
14. Cancer causing genes are
A. apoptosis
B. leukemia
C. oncogenes
15. Programmed cell death is:
A. apoptosis
B. leukemia
C. oncogenes
16. Cancer of blood forming cells is
A. apoptosis
B. leukemia
C. oncogenes
17. What are telomeres?
A.
B.
C.
D.
specific proteins
repair enzymes
special repetitive DNA end sequences
signalling chemicals
18. What is the role of telomeres?
A.
B.
C.
D.
protect chromosome ends
act as molecular handles
repair enzymes
unfold chromosomes
19. An oncogene:
A.
B.
C.
D.
is the gene that causes p53 to be readily available
is a gene that causes a cell to become differentiated
is a gene that codes for the lipid component of the plasma membrane
can make cyclin available at all times
20. The regulatory network in cells that controls cell growth includes:
A.
B.
C.
D.
growth factor receptors in the plasma membrane
signaling proteins in the cytoplasm
genes in the nucleus
All of the choices are correct.
21. When the ras gene is altered:
A.
B.
C.
D.
cell growth does not occur
a proto-oncogene becomes an oncogene
a tumor-suppressor gene is mutated
inappropriate cell structures are found
22. Which is NOT associated with the development of cancer?
A.
B.
C.
D.
plasma membrane receptors
the Golgi apparatus
cytoplasmic enzymes
genes in the nucleus
23. A tumor-suppressor gene:
A. is a cancer-causing gene
B. is a gene that codes for inhibitory proteins that prevent cell division and promote
apoptosis
C. is a gene that causes myeloma in muscle cells
D. is a gene that stops a tumor once it has developed
24. During the formation of cancer, which of the following occurs?
A.
B.
C.
D.
initiation
promotion
progression
All of the choices are correct.
25. The uncontrolled division of cells is called:
A.
B.
C.
D.
cancer
mitosis
mutation
metastasis
26. An accumulation of cancer cells is called a:
A.
B.
C.
D.
bolus
diverticulum
tumor
metastasis
27. The development of cancer is called:
A.
B.
C.
D.
oogenesis
carcinogenesis
apoptosis
metastasis
28. Forming blood vessels is:
A. metastasis
B. apoptosis
C. angiogenesis
29. Cell death is:
A. metastasis
B. apoptosis
C. angiogenesis
30. Cell migration/spreading is:
A. metastasis
B. apoptosis
C. angiogenesis
31. Which type of tumor is usually encapsulated and noninvasive?
A. benign tumor
B. malignant tumor
32. Which type of tumor is usually invasive and metastasizes?
A. benign tumor
B. malignant tumor
33. Cancers in blood-forming cells are called:
A.
B.
C.
D.
lymphomas
melanomas
carcinomas
leukemias
34. A tumor developing in lymphatic tissues is a:
A.
B.
C.
D.
lymphoma
carcinoma
sarcoma
leukemia
35. A tumor arising in epithelial tissues is a:
A.
B.
C.
D.
lymphoma
carcinoma
sarcoma
leukemia
36. Inheritance of a mutated tumor-suppressor gene which acts as an autosomal recessive
allele
A. predisposes one to cancer
B. guarantees that cancer will develop
C. predisposes one to cancer only if the other allele mutates
37. ___ is a type of skin cancer which tends to metastasize and can be fatal.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Basal cell carcinoma
Lymphoma
Sarcoma
Melanoma
38. Harry knows through genetic profiling that he has inherited a mutated RET gene. He
A. is somewhat concerned about retinoblastoma but relieved that this gene acts in a
way that requires the other gene to mutate before predisposition increases.
B. is very concerned about his increased chances of developing thyroid cancer since
this mutated gene acts as an autosomal dominant allele.
C. knows that thyroid cancer will occur because this gene acts as an autosomal
dominant allele and prepares for surgery.
39. Which of these is properly sequenced?
A. inappropriate cell growth, mutation, proto-oncogene becomes an oncogene,
signaling protein malfunctions
B. signaling protein malfunctions, proto-oncogene becomes an oncogene, mutation,
inappropriate cell growth
C. mutation, proto-oncogene becomes an oncogene, signaling protein malfunctions,
inappropriate cell growth
D. mutation, signaling protein malfunctions, proto-oncogene become an oncogene,
inappropriate cell growth
40. Which of the following changes in DNA?
A. mutagen
B. carcinogen
C. Both choices are correct.
41. Which is an environmental agent that contributes to cancer?
A. mutagen
B. carcinogen
42. Most of our exposure to artificial sources of radiation comes from:
A.
B.
C.
D.
nuclear power plant accidents
diagnostic X rays
cosmic radon
nuclear bomb test explosion
43. Choose the following which has been associated with the formation of cancer.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
2, 4-D
nitroso-nor-nicotine
asbestos
viruses
All of the choices are correct.
44. Choose the following virus that has been linked to human cancers.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
hepatitis B virus
Epstein-Barr virus
human papilloma virus
HTLV-1 virus
All of the choices are correct.
45. Which behaviors are NOT associated with cancer development?
A.
B.
C.
D.
smoking cigars and drinking alcohol
poor sleeping habits
exposure to radon
a high-fat diet
46. Which of these seems to play a role in the development of cancer?
A.
B.
C.
D.
heredity
carcinogens
mutations
All of the choices are correct.
47. Which of these is considered a carcinogen or carcinogenic?
A.
B.
C.
D.
radiation
toxic chemicals
viruses
All of the choices are correct.
48. Which of these is improperly matched?
A.
B.
C.
D.
visible light spectrum--skin cancer
HTLV-- hairy cell leukemia
hepatitis B virus--liver cancer
papillomavirus--cancer of the cervix
49. Choose the following that is NOT associated with the American Cancer Society's
CAUTION warning signals.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Change in diet
A sore that does not heal
Unusual bleeding
Thickening or lump in breast
All of the choices are associated.
50. Choose the following that is NOT associated with the American Cancer Society's
CAUTION warning signals.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Thickening or lump in breast
Indigestion or difficulty swallowing
Obvious change in wart or mole
Nagging cough/hoarseness
All of the choices are associated.
51. Choose the following that detects cervical cancers.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
digital rectal exam
barium enema
mammography
Pap smear
colonoscopy
52. The tumor marker, or substance released by colon cancer cells, that provokes a
detectable antibody response in the body is called:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
p53
RB antigen
CEA
HCG
MRI
53. Regular Pap smears are credited with preventing what percentage of cervical cancer
deaths?
A.
B.
C.
D.
10%
30%
65%
90%
54. A test for cancer genes:
A.
B.
C.
D.
requires DNA testing
is possible for colon and breast cancer
can be used to determine if cancer cells remain after a tumor had been removed
All of the choices are correct.
55. Magnetic resonance imaging is particularly useful for determining the location of
tumors:
A.
B.
C.
D.
in the blood
of the cervix
of the brain and spinal cord
lymphatic tumors
56. Use of taxol to treat ovarian cancer is an example of what type of treatment?
A.
B.
C.
D.
gene therapy
antimetastatic drugs
chemotherapy
antihormone therapy
57. Development of monoclonal antibodies which attach to receptor proteins on cancer
cells is part of what type of treatment?
A.
B.
C.
D.
immunotherapy
antimetastatic drugs
chemotherapy
antihormone therapy
58. Chemotherapy may not be an effective treatment for some cancers because:
A.
B.
C.
D.
effective therapies have not been discovered
some cancer cells may be resistant
cancers caused by viruses are nonsusceptible
chemotherapy is a new therapy and not yet proven its effectiveness
59. In cancer therapy applications, monoclonal antibodies are primarily used to deliver:
A.
B.
C.
D.
tumor-suppressor genes to cancer cells
radioactive isotopes/chemotherapeutic drugs to cancer cells
hormones to somatic cell receptors
All of the choices are correct.
60. Which of these diagnostic procedures is used for breast cancer?
A.
B.
C.
D.
mammography
pap smear
sigmoidoscopy
stool blood test
61. Which of these diagnostic procedures is used for colon cancer?
A.
B.
C.
D.
colonoscopy
CEA blood test
white cell count
both a colonoscopy and CEA blood test
62. Which of these is NOT associated with the presence of a cancer?
A.
B.
C.
D.
a sore that does not heal
a lump in the breast
changes in sleeping habits
indigestion/change in bowel habits
63. The American Cancer Society recommends breast self-exams and testicular selfexams every:
A.
B.
C.
D.
day
month
6 months
year
64. Genetic testing for melanoma involves the search for:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
RET gene
BRCA1
p16 gene
ras oncogene
MRI
65. Which of these tumor antigens helps detect ovarian cancer?
A.
B.
C.
D.
PSA
CA-125
AFP
CEA
66. Which of these tumor antigens tests for liver tumors?
A.
B.
C.
D.
PSA
AFP
CEA
CA-125
67. Which of the following is an incorrect match?
A.
B.
C.
D.
nitrosourea - impede DNA repair
alkylating agents - block enzymes needed for cells to live and grow
mitotic inhibitors - inhibit cell division
All of the choices are correct.
68. In immunotherapy, genetically engineered antigen presenting cells:
A.
B.
C.
D.
express tumor antigens
produce antibodies for tumor antigens
present tumor antigens to cytotoxic T cells
both express tumor antigens and express them to cytotoxic T cells
69. Taxol is:
A. chemotherapy
B. radiation
70. Which of the following has been proposed as future therapy?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
cancer vaccines
monoclonal antibodies
p53 gene therapy/induced tumor apoptosis
angiogenesis inhibition
All of the choices are correct.
71. Why is surgery often followed by radiation?
A.
B.
C.
D.
It makes tumors easier to remove.
Cancer cells may have spread throughout the body.
The immune system may be depressed.
Surgery removes primary tumors, while other cancer cells may be left behind.
72. Almost all cases of skin cancers are related to:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
diet/lack of exercise
unnecessary exposure to X rays
sun exposure
alcohol
hormone therapy
73. Which vegetables are associated with cancer prevention?
A.
B.
C.
D.
peas and string beans
potatoes and rice
cabbage and broccoli
mushrooms and peppers
74. Which vitamins are associated with cancer prevention?
A.
B.
C.
D.
A and B
B and C
A and C
All of the choices are correct.
75. Smoking two packs of cigarettes a day increases lung cancer mortality by:
A.
B.
C.
D.
5-10 times
10-12 times
15-25 times
30-50 times
76. Which cancers are associated with smoking cigarettes?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
lung cancer
cancer of the larynx
cancer of the throat
cancer of the esophagus
All of the choices are correct.
77. A PSA test may reveal the presence of:
A.
B.
C.
D.
ovarian cancer
prostate cancer
thyroid cancer
skin cancer
78. PSA stands for:
A.
B.
C.
D.
polyp-specific antigen
primary state analysis
present sarcoma analysis
prostate-specific antigen