Download 1 Chapter 14 1. Why was Charles Sumner caned on the Senate floor

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Chapter 14
1. Why was Charles Sumner caned on the Senate floor?
2. Evaluate the positions of Henry Clay, Daniel Webster and John C. Calhoun regarding the Compromise of 1850.
Henry Clay
Daniel Webster
John C. Calhoun
3. What is the problem of slavery in the Mexican Cession? Consider the peculiar institution and unwholesome
institution.
4. What was David Wilmot’s position on slavery? What is the Wilmot Proviso?
5. What is the belief of the Free Soilers? Who were supporters of the Free Soil Party?
6. What are the contrasting views on popular sovereignty (squatter sovereignty)?
7. What was James Taylor’s action-plan while he was president regarding the Mexican Cession? Who tried to disrupt
this? Why?
8. What were the terms of the Compromise of 1850? How were they were an attempt to balance the requirements of
pro- and antislavery factions in the United States?
9. What is the significance of the Fugitive Slave Law?
10. What were problems the second-party system encountered (Whigs and Democrats encountered)? What role did
third-party movements play in heightening sectional tensions during this period
11. Evaluate the causes of the sectional crisis of the 1850s. What could have been done to resolve the issues of the
period? Explain. (p. 343-345, 351-353)
12. Explain the conflict of Kansas and the Kansas-Nebraska Act.
13. What is nativism? How does the Know-Nothing Party contrast to it?
14. Explain sectional division.
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15. Explain cultural sectionalism with regard to religion & literature.
16. What is the story of the Dred Scott v. Sanford case? What was the issue? What was the outcome?
17. List the positions of both men during the Lincoln-Douglass debates.
Abraham Lincoln
Stephen Douglas
18. What was the South’s Crisis of fear? Explain John Brown’s raid on Harper’s Ferry. What were the causes/effects of
this? What was Emerson’s response to this event and why is this response significance?
Primary Source Analysis
1848 Free Soil Party Platform
We have assembled in convention as a union of free men, for the sake of freedom, forgetting all past political
differences, in a common resolve to maintain the rights of free labor against the aggression of the slave power, and
to secure free soil to a free people; … These nominations so made furnish the occasion and demonstrate the
necessity of the union of the people under the banner of free democracy, in a solely and formal declaration of their
independence of the slave power, and of their fixed determination to rescue the federal government from its
control,-1. Resolved, Therefore, that we, the people here assembled, do now plant ourselves upon the national platform of
freedom, in opposition to the sectional platform of slavery.
3. Resolved, That the proviso of Jefferson, to prohibit the existence of slavery after 18OO in all the territories of the
United States, southern and northern; the votes of six states and sixteen delegates in the Congress of 1784 for the
proviso, to three states and seven delegates against it; the actual exclusion of slavery from the Northwestern
Territory, by the Ordinance of 1787, unanimously adopted by the states in Congress, and the entire history of that
period,--clearly show that it was the settled policy of the nation not to extend, nationalize, or encourage, but
to limit, localize, and discourage slavery; and to this policy, which should never have beef departed from, the
government ought to return.
5. Resolved, That in the judgment of this convention Congress has no more power to make a slave than to make a
king; no more power to institute or establish slavery than to institute or establish a monarchy.
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6. Resolved, That it is the duty of the federal government to relieve itself from all responsibility for the existence or
continuance of slavery wherever the government possesses constitutional power to legislate on that subject, and is
thus responsible for its existence.
8. Resolved, That we accept the issue which the slave power has forced upon us; and to their demand for more slave
states and more slave territory, our calm but final answer is: No more slave states and no more slave territory.
9. Resolved, That the bill lately reported by the committee of eight in the Senate of the United Slates was no
compromise, but an absolute surrender of the rights of the non-slaveholders of the states; and while we rejoice to
know that a measure which, while opening the door for the introduction of slavery into the territories now free,
would also have opened the door to litigation and strife among the future inhabitants …..There must be no more
compromises with slavery; if made, they must be repealed.
10. Resolved, That we demand freedom and established institutions for our brethren in Oregon now exposed to
hardships, peril, and massacre, by the reckless hostility of the slave power to the establishment of free government
for free territories; and not only for them, but for our brethren in California and New Mexico.
12. Resolved, That we demand cheap postage for the people; a retrenchment of the expenses and patronage of the
federal government; the abolition of all unnecessary offices and salaries; and the election by the people of all civil
officers in the service of the government so far as the same may be practicable.
13. Resolved, That river and harbor improvements, when demanded by the safety and convenience of commerce
with foreign nations, or among the several states, are objects of national concern, and that it is the duty of Congress,
in the exercise of its constitutional power, to provide therefore.
15. Resolved, That the obligations of honor and patriotis … we are therefore in favor of such a tariff of duties as will
raise revenue adequate to defray the expenses of the federal government, and to pay annual installments of our
debt, and the interest thereon.
What are the main beliefs of the Free Soil Party? What is their stance on slavery? What reasons do they give for
their position?
President Lincoln’s "A HOUSE DIVIDED against itself cannot stand " speech June 1858
If we could first know where we are and whither we are tending, we could better judge what to do and how to do it. We
are now far into the fifth year since a policy was initiated with the avowed object and confident promise of putting an
end to slavery agitation. Under the operation of that policy, that agitation has not only not ceased but has constantly
augmented. In my opinion, it will not cease until a crisis shall have been reached and passed. "A house divided against
itself cannot stand." I believe this government cannot endure, permanently, half slave and half free. I do not expect the
Union to be dissolved; I do not expect the house to fall; but I do expect it will cease to be divided. It will become all one
thing, or all the other. Either the opponents of slavery will arrest the further spread of it and place it where the public
mind shall rest in the belief that it is in the course of ultimate extinction, or its advocates will push it forward till it shall
become alike lawful in all the states, old as well as new, North as well as South.
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Stephen Douglas’ Freeport Doctrine speech at Freeport, Illinois. August 1858
The next question propounded to me by Mr. Lincoln is, can the people of a Territory in any lawful way, against the
wishes of any citizen of the United States, exclude slavery from their limits prior to the formation of a State
Constitution? I answer emphatically, as Mr. Lincoln has heard me answer a hundred times from every stump in Illinois,
that in my opinion the people of a Territory can, by lawful means, exclude slavery from their limits prior to the
formation of a State Constitution. Mr. Lincoln knew that I had answered that question over and over again. He heard
me argue the Nebraska bill on that principle all over the State in 1854, in 1855, and in 1856, and he has no excuse for
pretending to be in doubt as to my position on that question. It matters not what way the Supreme Court may hereafter
decide as to the abstract question whether slavery may or may not go into a Territory under the Constitution, the
people have the lawful means to introduce it or exclude it as they please, for the reason that slavery cannot exist a day
or an hour anywhere, unless it is supported by local police regulations. Those police regulations can only be established
by the local legislature, and if the people are opposed to slavery they will elect representatives to that body who will by
unfriendly legislation effectually prevent the introduction of it into their midst. If, on the contrary, they are for it, their
legislation will favor its extension. Hence, no matter what the decision of the Supreme Court may be on that abstract
question, still the right of the people to make a slave Territory or a free Territory is perfect and complete under the
Nebraska bill. I hope Mr. Lincoln deems my answer satisfactory on that point.
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Analyze the quote: “Am I not a slave and a brother?”
]Chapter 15
1. What are some reasons why South Carolina was the first to secede from the Union? Think reasons from unit 3
and 4.
2. How was the Confederate States of America? How did their government mirror the US? How did it differ?
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3. What were the terms of the Crittenden Compromise? Why did the Crittenden Compromise not work?
4. Why was the Civil War not ONLY a struggle between slave and free states?
5. Going into the Civil War, what did the North and South have in their favor? (strategies, leaders, advantages)(p.
365)
6. What setbacks did the North and South face? How did they overcome these setbacks? (p. 366)
7. How did the governments and presidents of the United States and Confederate States of America demonstrate
their authority?
Abraham Lincoln (Union/North)
Jefferson Davis (South/Confederacy)
8. Briefly describe each main player during the Civil War. How did they lead their troops? What
resources/inventions did they use in making gains during the war?
General Winfield
General Thomas
Robert E. Lee
Ulysses S. Grant
General George
Scott (Union)
“Stonewall”
McClellan
Jackson
9. Briefly describe events that occurred throughout the Civil War.
Fort Sumter
Bull Run
Antietam
Gettysburg
Vicksburg
10. What were some struggles the US endured on the home front? (Consider Cotton and King Cotton
Diplomacy).
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11. What was Lincoln’s purpose of the Emancipation Proclamation? Who did the proclamation affect? Was
emancipation swift? Why or why not?
12. Explain African Americans and their role after emancipation and during the war.
13. How was the 13th Amendment an effect of the Emancipation Proclamation?
14. What was the social experience of the South by early 1863? (p. 376-377)
15. What were effects of Civil War? (p. 381-383)
Primary Source Analysis
Lincoln's First Inaugural Address March 4, 1861
Fellow citizens of the United States: in compliance with a custom as old as the government itself, I appear
before you to address you briefly and to take, in your presence, the oath prescribed by the Constitution of the
United States, to be taken by the President "before he enters on the execution of his office."I do not consider it
necessary, at present, for me to discuss those matters of administration about which there is no special
anxiety, or excitement. Apprehension seems to exist among the people of the Southern States that by the
accession of a Republican administration their property and their peace and personal security are to be
endangered. There has never been any reasonable cause for such apprehension. Indeed, the most ample
evidence to the contrary has all the while existed and been open to their inspection. It is found in nearly all
the published speeches of him who now addresses you. I do but quote from one of those speeches when I
declare that "I have no purpose, directly or indirectly, to interfere with the institution of slavery where it
exists. I believe I have no lawful right to do so, and I have no inclination to do so." Those who nominated and
elected me did so with full knowledge that I had made this and many similar declarations, and had never
recanted them. And, more than this, they placed in the platform for my acceptance, and as a law to
themselves and to me, the clear and emphatic resolution which I now read: "Resolved: that the maintenance
inviolate of the rights of the States, and especially the right of each State to order and control its own
domestic institutions according to its own judgment exclusively, is essential to that balance of power on
which the perfection and endurance of our political fabric depend, and we denounce the lawless invasion by
armed force of the soil of any State or Territory, no matter under what pretext, as among the gravest of
crimes."
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Resources at the beginning of the Civil War what does the data below indicate?…. How does this information
change by the end of the Civil War? How did resources determine the winner of the Civil War?
Emancipation Proclamation, 1863
"That on the first day of January, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, all
persons held as slaves within any State or designated part of a State, the people whereof shall then be in
rebellion against the United States, shall be then, thenceforward, and forever free; and the Executive
Government of the United States, including the military and naval authority thereof, will recognize and
maintain the freedom of such persons, and will do no act or acts to repress such persons, or any of them, in
any efforts they may make for their actual freedom." ...I, Abraham Lincoln, President of the United States, by
virtue of the power in me vested as Commander-in-Chief, of the Army and Navy of the United States in time of
actual armed rebellion against the authority and government of the United States, and as a fit and necessary
war measure for suppressing said rebellion, do....order and declare that all persons held as slaves within said
designated States, and parts of States, are, and henceforward shall be free ...And I hereby enjoin upon the
people so declared to be free to abstain from all violence, unless in necessary self-defence; and I recommend
to them that, in all cases when allowed, they labor faithfully for reasonable wages. And I further declare and
make known, that such persons of suitable condition, will be received into the armed service of the United
States to garrison forts, positions, stations, and other places, and to man vessels of all sorts in said service.
And upon this act, sincerely believed to be an act of justice, warranted by the Constitution, upon military
necessity, I invoke the considerate judgment of mankind, and the gracious favor of Almighty God.
By the President: ABRAHAM LINCOLN
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Gettysburg Address, 1863
Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth, upon this continent, a new nation, conceived in
liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that "all men are created equal" Now we are engaged in a great
civil war, testing whether that nation, or any nation so conceived, and so dedicated, can long endure. We are
met on a great battle field of that war. We have come to dedicate a portion of it, as a final resting place for
those who died here, that the nation might live. This we may, in all propriety do. But, in a larger sense, we
can not dedicate -- we can not consecrate -- we can not hallow, this ground-- The brave men, living and dead,
who struggled here, have hallowed it, far above our poor power to add or detract. The world will little note,
nor long remember what we say here; while it can never forget what they did here. It is rather for us, the
living, to stand here, we here be dedicated to the great task remaining before us -- that, from these honored
dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they here, gave the last full measure of devotion -that we here highly resolve these dead shall not have died in vain; that the nation, shall have a new birth of
freedom, and that government of the people by the people for the people, shall not perish from the earth.
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Chapter 16
1. In your own words, describe the Reconstruction Era. (p. 388-389).
2. Why was Johnson impeached?
3. Discuss the impact of the Civil War on southern society. What traditions and institutions were destroyed
by the conflict? (p. 412-417)
4. How did freed slaves react to their new status after the Civil War? What did most African Americans soon
realize about the reality of their freedom? (p. 397-400)
5. Compare and contrast the executive and congressional plans for reconstructing the Union. What was
their objective? Which plan was better for the nation? Why? (p. 389-394)
6. How successful was the North in changing southern society during Reconstruction? Who benefitted the
most from these plans and who benefitted the least? (p. 397-400)
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7. By the early 1870s, it was evident that northern interest in Reconstruction was waning. Why? Were the
majority of northerners really dedicated to reconstructing southern society? Why were the Redeemers able
to take back the South?
8. What were positive and negative effects of Reconstruction for African Americans?
Positive Effects
(+)
Negative Effects
(-)
9. What were the demographic shifts after the Civil War? Which groups moved around after the Civil War
and where did they go? What happened to the economies of the North and the South? What were the effects
of the emergence of the Ku Klux Klan?
10. How did the national government exercise increased power during the Civil War and post-Civil War
period?
11. What were the beliefs of redeemers? How did they come to power? Who was not part of the redeemers?
12. How did the Jim Crow laws serve as a legal regime of separation, exclusion and disfranchisement for
southern blacks?
13. How did sharecropping affect newly freed slaves?
14. Describe the Freedmen’s Bureau.
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Primary Source Analysis:
The Reconstruction Amendments
13th Amendment (1865):
14th Amendment (1868):
15th Amendment (1870):
Officially prohibited (prevented/stopped)
slavery and involuntary servitude in the
United States, (except as punishment for a
crime).
One of the post-Civil War Reconstruction
Amendments first intended to secure the
rights of former slaves. The amendment
requires states to provide equal
protection under the law to all persons
within their jurisdictions and was used in
the mid-20th century to dismantle racial
segregation in the United States.
Prohibits each government in the United
States from denying a citizen the right to
vote based on that citizen's "race, color or
previous condition of servitude." What
this means is that African American men
were granted suffrage, but women still
did not have the right to vote.
In your own words, what does the
amendment mean? Why is it
important? As a result of this
amendment, what happened?
In your own words, what does the
amendment mean? Why is it
important? As a result of this
amendment, what happened?
In your own words, what does the
amendment mean? Why is it
important? As a result of this
amendment, what happened?
PERSIA
1. In what ways did African Americans shape the course and consequences of the Civil War?
Confine your answer to the years from 1861 to 1870.
Political
Economic
Religious
Social
Intellectual
Area
Thesis Statement:
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2. Analyze the ways in which controversy over the extension of slavery into western territories contributed to
the coming of the Civil War. Confine your answer to the period 1845–1861.
Political
Economic
Religious
Social
Intellectual
Area
Thesis Statement:
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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3. Following Reconstruction, many southern leaders promoted the idea of a “New South.” To what extent was
this “New South” a reality by the time of the First World War? In your answer be sure to address TWO of the
following.
Economic development
Politics
Race relations
Political
Economic
Religious
Social
Intellectual
Area
Thesis Statement:
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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APUSH UNIT 4 STUDY GUIDE
From the Old South to the New South (Ch. 14-16)
Covered in class: Oct. 5-Oct 31
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This time period (1860-1880) represents approx. 20% of the content that will be tested during the May 15, 2013 AP US
History Exam.
***It is highly recommended you fill in the outline from this page onto a separate notebook as you read
through each chapter as another study tool for the unit exam and for the AP test in May. You are responsible
for completing the study questions throughout the unit as they will help with your essay writing!!!
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10. The Crisis of the Union (Ch.14)
A. Pro and anti-slavery arguments and conflicts
B. Compromise of 1850 and popular sovereignty
C. Kansas-Nebraska Act and Emergence of the Republican Party
D. Abraham Lincoln, Election of 1860 and secession
11. Civil War (Ch. 15)
A. Two societies at war: Mobilization, Resources, and Internal Dissent
B. Military strategies and foreign diplomacy
C. Emancipation and role of African Americans in War
D. Social, Political and Economic Effects of War in the North, South, & West
12. Reconstruction (Ch. 16)
A. Presidential & Radical Reconstruction
B. Southern State Governments, Achievements & Fails
C. Role of African Americans in Politics, Education and the Economy
D. Compromise of1877
E. Impact of Reconstruction
13. Origins of the New South
A. Reconstruction and Southern Agriculture- sharecropping and crop-lien system
B. Politics of segregation: Jim Crow and disfranchisement