Download Marine Biology Final Exam Review

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Marine Biology Final Exam Review
What is the difference between a controlled variable, independent variable, and a dependant variable? What is a hypothesis?
Why is it important to have a controlled experiment?
What is the metric unit for the following: length, mass, time, volume, temperature. Know how to change the units in the metric
system. For example, 3.56 cm = ________km
Why are oceans important? (list at least 5 reasons)
What is the difference between marine biology and oceanography?
What four factors make up oceans?
What is a biosphere?
Be able to identify and define the following sea floor terms:
Continental Shelf, Continental Slope, Submarine Ridges, Trench, Sea Mounts, Abyssal Plain
What is the pelagic zone? What do the following terms mean and what marine animals live in each of the zones?
Epipelagic, Mesopelagic, Bathypelagic
What is the intertidal zone? What is the benthic zone?
Define and give examples of heterotrophs, autotrophs, producers, consumers, decomposers, carnivores, herbivore, ominivore.
Know the basic parts of the cell and their function: cell, cell membrane, cell wall, organelle, cytoplasm, chloroplast, nucleus,
endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, transport vesicles, golgi bodies
What is the difference between a prokaryotic cell and an eukaryotic cell?
Where does photosynthesis occur within an eukaryotic cell? In a prokaryotic cell?
What is the difference between the photosynthetic reaction and the aerobic respiration reaction?
What is the difference between mitosis and meiosis? What is a chromosome?
What is crossing over? Does it occur in mitosis or meiosis?
What are the five kingdoms? Give examples of marine organisms in each kingdom. What are the distinguishing factors of each
kingdom. Name at least two for each kingdom. What is the definition of a species?
What is phytoplankton? Why is it considered to be important?
Where can phytoplankton be found? (What depths and what zones)
How have plankton adapted to living in the ocean?(list 3)
What type of phytoplankton is in the kingdom Monera?
We discussed two different divisions in the Kingdom Protista, the Chrysophyta (diatoms) and the Dinophyta (the dinoflagellates).
How are they different?
 Which one causes the red tide?
 Which one is considered to be bioluminescent?
 Which one has a cell wall made of pectin and silica?
What factors affect the primary production of plankton in a temperate ocean?
What is the difference between holoplankton and meroplankton?
Where can marine plants be found? (don’t just say in the water!)
Know the following parts of marine algae: blade, stipe, holdfast
What is a halophyte?
What is a submergent plant community? Give examples
Why are sea grass beds important? (name 4)
What is an emergent plant community? (give examples)
Where can mangroves be found in the United States? How have they adapted to the marine environment?
Where are salt marshes found in the United States? What important role do they have in juvenile fishes life?
What structure helps kelp beds stay afloat?
What are accessory pigments?
Why are zooplankton important in the marine food web?
What is vertical migrations? Why do zooplankton migrate vertically? (list three reasons)
What are some advantages zooplankton have by living in the mesopelagic zone?
Why is it difficult to study bathypelagic plankton?
What are some advantages of an animal having a planktonic larval stage?
Where is the deep scattering layer found? (what zone)
What is the difference between a dominant and a recessive trait?
What is a gene?
Be able to draw a basic Punnett square and determine what characteristics the offspring will have and what percentage of the
offspring will have a particular characteristic.
Define the following terms for the sponge: Colar cell, Flagella, Ostia, Oscula, Spongocoel
Explain how sponges reproduce sexually and asexually. What is an advantage of reproducing sexually over asexually?
How do sponges feed? What do they eat? Are sponges considered to be a producer or a consumer?
What are five general characteristics of animals?
Cnidarians have two basic shapes. What are the two shapes and briefly describe them.
What percentage of water is the jellyfish body made up of?
51. Define the following morphology of the jellyfish: bell, tentacles, stinging cells, nematocyst, touch receptors, chemoreceptors,
balancing sacs. (be able to identify from a picture and know the purpose of the body structure)
52. What is the difference between a sea anemone and a coral polyp.
53. What animals are in the Phylum Mollusca? What are the three major groups?
54. Be able to identify the following body parts and or explain the function of the body part: Mantle, ventral foot, radula, gills,
incurent and excurret siphon
55. What is a chromatophore? How does an octopus use their chromatophore?
56. What is a squid's shell called? Where is it located?
57. What is the mollusc shell made out of?
58. What is the largest living invertebrate?
59. Which mollusc has byssal threads? What is the purpose of byssal threads?
60. What do bivalves eat?
61. What animals are in the Phylum Echinodermata?
62. What is the main purpose of the water vascular system?
63. What is the difference between an endoskeleton and an exoskeleton?
64. What are the purpose of tube feet?
65. What does pentamery symmetry mean? What animal in the Phylum Echinodermata has this type of symmetry? What type of
symmetry does a sea cucumber have?
66. What is the Aristotle's lantern? What animal can this structure be found in?
67. What do starfish eat?
68. How do starfish reproduce sexually and asexually?
69. Which echinoderm is considered to be a filter feeder?
70. What is a wave? Know the following terms for waves: trough, crest, wave height, wavelength, period, fetch, surf. What is the
energy transport phenomena and how does it relate to waves?
71. What type of skeleton do arthropods have and what material is it made of?
72. Why are barnacles considered to have a sizable expense in the shipping industry?
73. How can barnacles survive being exposed at low tide? How does a barnacle feed? Why do barnacles settle close to each other?
74. What animals are in the Order decapods? What are some general characteristics of decapods?
75. What is the only sessile crustacean? Where can they be found?
76. Know how to distinguish a male from a female blue crab.
77. What is a sponge crab? Jimmy crab? She-crab? Where can blue crabs be found?
78. What are the four different stages of life in the blue crabs life cycle?
79. Explain how a crab molts. How often do small crabs molt and how much do they grow each time they molt?
80. How does a hermit crab protect his soft body? What adaptations to their legs have they made in order to help protect himself?
What type of shell does the hermit crab live in?
81. What is a common animal in the subphylum Urochordata? What are some general characteristics of this animal? What
invertebrate animal has similar characteristics to this subphylum? What characteristics of a chordate does this subphylum loose in
adulthood?
82. What is cephalization?
83. What is hemoglobin?
84. What is the main excretory organ in the subphylum vertebrata?
85. What is the term ectothermic mean? What marine animals are considered to be ectothermic?
86. What does endothermic mean? What marine animals are considered to be endothermic?
87. Know the difference between each of the following schooling techniques of fish:
Dilution affect, Confusion affect, Predator detection, Enhanced foraging, Anti-predator
88. What body part of a fish provides the power for swimming? What methods have fish come up with to minimize drag?
89. Fish shapes have a great bearing on ability of a fish to move through the water. How do the following fish shapes move through
the water and name a common fish that has this type of body shape.
Fusiform shape, Attenuated shape, Depressed shape, Compressed shape
90. Know the parts of the fish (from the worksheet that I gave out)
91. What is a current? What are the two different types of currents discussed in class? Give examples of each type of current. Why
are currents important? (Name at least three reasons) Know how to calculate the speed of a current.
92. What are some modern day threats of marine mammals? (Name 4)
93. What are the two major groups of whales? (Scientific names) What are their distinguishing features? Give an example of each.