Download Exam 3

MAR 105 – Exam 3 Review Sheet- S2014
Dr. Anastasia
COASTAL FEATURES
Key terms:
beach
berm
low tide terrace
longshore current
Seawall
groins
jetties
beach replenishment breakwater
Key concepts:
-know how the position of the coast is dependent on sea-level and coasts with lower
slopes are more affected by sea-level changes
-know the definition of a beach and what the landward and seaward limits of a beach are
-be able to draw or label a typical beach profile and distinguish summer/swell from
winter/storm profiles
-understand that beaches exist in a balance between erosion and deposition of sediment
and how this cycles with the seasons.
-know examples of processes that add sand to the beach (accretion or deposition) and
processes that take it away (erosion)
-know what the longshore current is and that it is caused by waves approaching the shore
at an angle
-know that longshore drift moves a lot of sand along a shore rather than offshore or
onshore
-understand the natural processes that occur on beaches and barrier islands and how our
attempts to protect our property (building groins, seawalls, jetties, breakwaters, beach
replenishment) interfere with this and can lead to the loss of beaches
Sample Essay question:
1. Describe three methods that may be used to save beaches and beach front
properties. For each method, explain how it is supposed to work and the pros and
cons of using that method.
2. Describe three processes that can add sand to a particular beach and three
processes that can take sand away.
Intro to Marine Biology and PLANKTON
Key terms:
Life
evolution
natural selection
Photosynthesis
chemosynthesis
respiration
Autotrophs
consumers
heterotrophs
Phytoplankton
Diatoms
dinoflagellates
Darwin
primary producers
primary productivity
Key concepts:
-know how to define life and that all life on earth ultimately depends on the sun
-understand the process of evolution and how natural selection causes it; be able to
outline the steps necessary for it to occur: amplification/reproduction, variation/mutation,
selection
-know that Darwin was the first to propose the theory of evolution by natural selection
-know that most species are land species and that most marine species are benthic (and
know why: varied environments lead to more speciation and open water marine
environments are pretty stable)
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MAR 105 – Exam 3 Review Sheet- S2014
Dr. Anastasia
-know it is harder to move through water than air so marine organisms have special
adaptations to deal with that (plankton have large surface area and appendages that stick
out to slow sinking and nekton have streamlining and small surface area to make it easier
to move)
-know that organisms need a large surface area to volume ratios in order to get oxygen
and nutrients and larger organisms have smaller surface area to volume ratios
-know what producers (or primary producers or autotrophs) are and what two processes
they may use to make their own food (photosynthesis and chemosynthesis)
-know what consumers or heterotrophs are
-be able to define primary productivity.
-know what a food web represents and that most energy is used up and not passed to the
next level (only 10% is passed on)
-know what phytoplankton are (single-celled pelagic algae) and know characteristics of
the two types discussed in class: Diatoms and Dinoflagellates
-know that nutrient and light levels determine phytoplankton abundance
-know what compensation depth is
-know that phytoplankton is more abundant near coastlines due to increased nutrients
than in the open ocean
-know the global abundance patterns of phytoplankton (abundance in tropics, temperate,
polar regions) and how abundance changes throughout the year.
Sample Essay questions:
1. Define evolution and explain how natural selection causes evolution and outline
the steps necessary for evolution to occur.
2. Describe how phytoplankton abundance varies across the globe (polar, temperate
& tropical regions) and WHY. In your answer be sure to explain the factors that
control phytoplankton abundance and how they vary among regions. Explain
seasonal changes in abundance and why they occur.
NEKTON
Key terms
Nekton
Marine Reptiles
Mammalia
Cephalapod Molluscs
ectothermic
Cetaceans
Carnivora
Sirenia
Key concepts
-know what nekton is
-for each group of nekton discussed, know examples of animals in the group and the main
characteristics of the group…
Cephalapod Molluscs (squid, cuttlefish, chambered nautilus): invertebrates,
largest invertebrate= colossal squid; predators with highly developed nervous system
Cartilagenous fish (skates, rays and sharks): must swim to maintain depth,
skeletons of cartilage, some must swim to breathe
Bony fish (tuna, sardines, striped bass, etc.): most successful vertebrates, swim
bladders, operculum
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MAR 105 – Exam 3 Review Sheet- S2014
Dr. Anastasia
Marine Reptiles (Sea turtles, sea snakes, marine iguanas, saltwater
crocodiles):ectothermic,
salt secreting glands, breathe air with lungs
Mammalia: mammary glands, hair on most, endothermic, lungs to breathe air.
Marine mammals: streamlined, osmotic adaptations, respiratory
adaptations
Cetaceans (dolphins and whales): toothed whales (hunters)
and baleen whales (filter feeders, larger)
Carnivora (seals, sea lions, walruses, sea otters, polar
bears): know difference between seals and sea lions
Sirenia (manatees & dugongs): herbivorous
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