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Ancient Rome - Part One
What is the story of how Rome started?
The Etruscans built temples, shops, roads. They influenced the Roman
culture. Rome was founded in 752 B.C.E by twin brothers, Romulus and
Remus.
Describe the political social order in early ancient Rome.
Patricians - the descendants of the original senators appointed by the
kings. Artistocratic Governing Class and only they could be Consuls,
other Magistrates and Senators.
Plebians - not patricians - they are large land owers and less wealthy
landowners and artisans, merchants and small farmers.
What happened in the Punic Wars?
When the Romans sent an army to Sicily, the Carthaginians thought this
was an invasion of their territory. Carthage gave all rights to Sicily
because of Roman dominance in their strength in the water. Hannibal
and his army of Carthaginian’s through the Alps and defeated the
Romans. Rome eventually beat out Hannibal and his army because the
Carthaginians couldn’t keep control over the Roman cities. In 201 B.C.E,
a peace treaty was signed. Carthage lost Spain. 50 years later Rome went
to war again they destroyed Carthage in 146 B.C.E. and claimed it as a
Roman provine called Africa.
Why was Julius Caesar so important?
He gained power in Rome and was given the title Dictator For Life, he
also
gave land to the poor. The people who helped were given the status as a
Roman citizen. He did public work projects and military campaigns in
the east.
Describe Roman Family life?
The father ruled the household. Women had some power - they ran
businesses and managed estates. Ancestor worship was extremely
important to the family.
Ancient Rome - Part Two
1. What are the dates for the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire?
Roman Republic - 509 B.C.E. – 30 B.C.E.
Roman Empire - 30 B.C.E. – 476 C.E.
2. Explain the meaning of the Latin phrase primus inter pares.
“First among equals"
3. Describe the accomplishments of Augustus.
Octavian was given the anme Augustus meaning “most high”. He had the
power to call the senate’s laws.
- Established a strong money system, fire, police departments; extended
citizenship.
4. What was the Pax Romana?
Also known as Roman peace; Rome controlled the entire Mediterranean
region
The peace lasted nearly 200 years.
5.How do Caligula and Nero represent the problems of hereditary
succession?
Caligula had two good years but that was interrupted by severre illness
followed by two years of horrible rules
- Exiled, killed some and forced others to commit suicide
Ancient Rome - Part Three
1.Who split the empire into two halves, and why?
Diocletian believed that dividing the empire for administrative purposes
would strengthen the empire.
2.Explain the relationship between Emperor Constantine and
Christianity.
Constantine’s mother Helena had converted to Christianity so he
converted to it too.
3.Describe the accomplishments of Emperor Justinian.
-reunited the Eastern and Western empires… but it didn’t last long
- rewrote the Roman Law (Justinian Code)
4.When did the Western (Roman) and Eastern (Byzantine) empires
officially end, and why?
Western Empire ended 476 C.E. the last emperor, Romulus Augustus
was deposed by a barbarian Odoacer
Eastern Empire ended in 1453 the empire was conquered by the
Ottoman Turks
5.Explain the economic, military, political, and social reasons for the fall
of the Western Roman Empire.
Military - Roman Republic-armies were servents of Rome, Roman
Empire-armies made and unmade emperors; Reliance’s on barbarian
troops couldn’t fight their fellow barbarians
Economics - big gap between rich and poor; lower class people had no
purchasing power, manufacturing and trades declined.
Political - decline in patriotism; citizens lost there voting rights; the two
empires created problems regarding loyalty
Social -declines in population, intellectual culture; Religious divisions
6.Name and describe at least three contributions of Roman civilization to
world history.
- Architecture - the importance of building: Aqueducts, bridges, dams,
harbors, roads, Coliseums, halls, offices, theaters, public baths.
- Engineering - basic style was copied from the Greek; Arch copied from
the Etruscans, domes, vault.
- Literature - a copy of Greek style; Play wrights ; Poets