Download Chapter 15 –1

Chapter 15 –1
369 AP US HISTORY
AMERICA: PAST AND PRESENT
8TH EDITION
NAME___________________
BLOCK__________________
DATE____________________
CHAPTER 15: SESSION AND THE CIVIL WAR (P.419-20)
After Lincoln’s election provoked ___________ ___________ and plunged the nation
into the greatest __________ in its history, there was understandable skepticism about
him in many quarters. Lincoln had _________ experience relevant to a wartime
presidency than any previous or future chief executive. However, he identified with the
cause and could
others to make sacrifices for it. The
Civil War put on trial the very principle of democracy. Interpret what was meant by this
italicized phrase:
I.
The Storm Gathers (p. 421)
1.
Why was Lincoln’s election considered sufficient reason for the breaking
up of the Union in the view of seceded states?
*Fort Sumter (1861), pgs. 424-25
Ch. 15–2
2.
See the illustration on p. 422. Note the slave states which were loyal to the
Union: What methods did Lincoln utilize to keep these states in the Union?
Fill in your blank map with the correct responses. We will go over this
completed map in class.
II.
Adjusting to Total War (p. 426)
3.
Define “Total War”
4.
Civil War Strategies
North
5.
South
Explain the efforts of the North and the South to mobilize their home fronts
for the war effort.
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Ch. 15 –3
6.
List the strengths and weaknesses of the Union and Confederate presidents.
(429-432). Take special note of what new executive powers Lincoln assumed:
Lincoln
Davis
*Peace Democrat (1862), pgs. 429
NOTE: WE WILL COVER THE MILITARY HISTORY IN CLASS.
YOU WILL WANT TO REFER TO THESE PAGES IN ORDER TO FILL
OUT THE CORRECT INFORMATION FOR THE CIVIL WAR MAP.
(PGS. 432-36)
7.
Explain why “King Cotton Diplomacy” failed (pgs. 436-37)
8.
Explain Lincoln’s gradual movement toward emancipation of the slaves? Do
you agree or disagree with his logic? (pgs. 437-438)
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Ch. 15 - 4
*Emancipation Proclamation (1863), pgs. 437-438
Note the role played by Afro-American troops in the Union armed forces
during the Civil War.
NOTE: MORE MILITARY HISTORY, PGS. 441-59. LOOK ON THESE
PAGES FOR INFORMATION ON MILITARY SIGHTS.
9.
10.
List and describe the principal social and economic changes that accompanied
the Civil War (pgs. 444-46)
What is your opinion of Emerson’s conclusion of how the war affected
American thought and patterns of behavior? (pg. 446-447)
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CHAPTER 15 ID’S
1861
Fort Sumter
Pgs. 424-425
After seven of the southern states seceded, Lincoln said that he would defend U.S.
forts that were not already taken over by the Confederacy. There were four such forts.
Two were in the Florida keys. One was on an island outside Pensacola, Florida. One
was Fort Pickens in northern Florida. The last fort was Fort Sumter in Charleston
harbor. Sumter got attention because the Confederacy was demanding the surrender of
the garrison stationed there. Lincoln ordered Sumter to be reinforced with extra
supplies. The Confederacy saw the reinforcement as an act of hostility and attacked the
fort. No one was killed, but Major Robert Anderson surrendered the fort to the
Confederacy.
1862
Peace Democrats
Pgs. 429
Peace Democrats were a group of people who called for restoration of the U.S.
through the use of negotiations rather than force. They held many high political offices
and openly criticized Lincoln.
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-21863
Emancipation Proclamation
Pgs. 437-438
Pressure had been building on Lincoln to free all the slaves since the beginning of
the Civil War. On Sept. 22, 1862, Lincoln issued his preliminary Emancipation
Proclamation. He said that the Confederacy had 100 days to free all its slaves. If they
did, the war would end. The South didn’t respond to this at all. On Jan. 1, 1863,
Lincoln issued the memorable proclamation saying that all slaves in the Confederacy
were free.
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Name ________________________
Block ________________________
CHAPTER 15
Circle the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
1.
The secession movement was dominated by:
a.
hill country White supremacists who feared Black social competition.
b.
southern radical nationalists who hoped to establish a plantation “utopia.”
c.
southern moderates intent on securing slavery from northern political interference and federal control.
d.
moderates from the Upper South who gave up on the Union with the election of Lincoln in 1860
e.
plantation owners who had the most to lose by the abolition of slavery.
2.
The Republicans rejected the Crittenden plan for compromise because they:
a.
wanted to defeat the South militarily.
b.
hoped to demoralize southern moderates.
c.
feared driving southern extremists to war.
d.
insisted on resolving the crisis over the future of slavery.
e.
wished to create the conditions necessary for a civil war.
3.
The firing on Fort Sumter:
a.
brought European aid for the South.
b.
demonstrated union naval power.
c.
unified northern opinion for defense of the Union.
d.
demonstrated the Union’s will to fight.
e.
occurred with the help of the Indian population.
4.
Which was not an advantage enjoyed by the North at the beginning of the war?
a.
a better transportation system.
b.
greater industrial production.
c.
a larger population.
d.
better military leadership
e.
high numbers of Black men interested in military enlistment.
5.
Which of the following best describes Lincoln’s strategy?
a.
the “anaconda” policy of starving the South into submission by cutting off its supplies of
commodities and food.
b.
winning the war with a quick strike at the Confederate capital.
c.
an attempt to capture control of the Mississippi Valley.
d.
a two-front policy keeping the pressure on Richmond while also advancing in the Mississippi Valley.
e.
key diplomatic alliances designed to support the northern military.
6.
During the Civil War, the South suffered shortages in all of the following except:
a.
cash and other liquid assets.
b.
transportation facilities.
c.
foodstuffs.
d.
munitions.
e.
soldiers.
7.
The superior training and supply of Northern troops was offset by :
a.
the large number of seasoned troops in Confederate ranks.
b.
the superior fighting ability of Southern troops.
c.
the large number of fresh troops in the Confederate ranks.
d.
all of the above.
e.
none of the above.
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8.
Which best describes Jefferson Davis’s major weaknesses as a war leader?
a.
lack of actual military experience.
b.
excessive tact in dealing with field commanders.
c.
abusive exercise of Confederate government power.
d.
obsession with popular political support.
e.
inability to deal with home-front problems.
9.
Why did the North have so little success in its eastern military campaigns during the early part of the war?
a.
Lincoln’s constant meddling in the details of battle.
b.
the Union’s constant shortage of munitions and other essential supplies.
c.
Winfield Scott’s overly aggressive campaign to capture Richmond.
d.
George McClellan’s overly cautious approach in the campaign to capture Richmond.
e.
the fact that the South received large amounts of assistance from the Indian population.
10.
“King Cotton Diplomacy” failed because:
a.
Britain started growing its own cotton.
b.
British mill workers willingly suffered to help destroy slavery.
c.
the textile industry no longer used much cotton.
d.
the British economy gained more than it lost from neutrality.
e.
the Industrial Revolution had changed the British economy too much.
11.
Why was Lincoln so reluctant to support immediate freedom for the slaves?
a.
He preferred gradual and compensated emancipation.
b.
He feared alienating border-state Unionists.
c.
He knew many northerners were racially prejudiced.
d.
all of the above.
e.
none of the above.
12.
Which of the following best describes Ulysses S. Grant’s approach in his campaign against Robert E. Lee?
a.
forcing Lee to take the offensive so Grant could capitalize on his superior defensive talents.
b.
keeping the pressure on Lee with constant assault or siege.
c.
taking Richmond in a single overpowering strike against Lee.
d.
holding Lee in northern Virginia while William T. Sherman marched from Georgia to Richmond.
e.
using the terrain to force Lee into low percentage battles.
13.
Which of the following Civil War battles and campaigns are in the correct chronological order?
a.
the siege of Petersburg, Gettysburg and Vicksburg, Peninsula campaign.
b.
Vicksburg and Gettysburg, Peninsula campaign, siege of Petersburg.
c.
the siege of Petersburg, Vicksburg and Gettysburg, Peninsula campaign
d.
none of the above
e.
Peninsula campaign, Vicksburg and Gettysburg, the siege of Petersburg.
14.
Civil War Republicans enacted all of the following policies except:
a.
a low tariff for free trade.
b.
free land with a homestead act.
c.
land grants for railroad construction.
d.
a national banking system with standardized currency.
e.
none of the above.
15.
Which of the following was not an effect of the Civil War?
a.
broadening “the woman’s sphere”
b.
broadening the scope of federal power.
c.
improving the industrial workers’ standard of living.
d.
enacting government support for business and agriculture.
e.
all of the above.
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AMERICAN STUDIES
CIVIL WAR
Name______________________________
Block______________________________
ANALYZING THE TWO SIDES
CONSIDERATIONS
1.
Social
a. Population
b. Education and Skill
2. Economic
a. Amount of Capital
3. Political
a. Leadership
b. Government
4. Military
a. Navy
b. Arsenals
FAVORED
North
SOUTH
22 million in 23 states
9,500,000 in 11 states
(of these 3 ½ million)
were slaves
Public school accounted for better
educated citizens, along with skilled
labor and management; fewer in
farming
Less than half of the
general population could
read or write; most are
involved in agriculture.
92% manufacturing
8% agricultural
(most in beef or grain)
10% manufacturing
(located in Richmond,
VA)
90% agricultural (cotton,
rice, tobacco, sugar)
76% of the nation’s wealth is
located here
25% of the wealth
located here –
confederacy “dollars”
replace union money;
great deal of inflation
results
Abraham Lincoln
Jefferson Davis
Established government with 80
Years of “proven” working ability.
Inexperienced,
unproven; had to
establish itself – gain
respectability.
Superior sea power.
Controlled the Atlantic Ocean
No Navy – blockade
runners only
Majority are located in the north;
products to supply the military
manufactured here.
Two are located here.
North
South
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CONSIDERATIONS
FAVORED
North
SOUTH
Inferior military leadership as
evidenced by the fact that the north
was led by a series of generals
Superior leadership (in
the WestPoint tradition)
more able.
d. Enlistment
1,556,000 (most are drafted)
1,082,000 (most are
volunteers).
e. Transportation
Intense network of railroads. 75% of
nation’s rails lie within the union
states; various “hubs” distributed
throughout the north.
25% of railway system
located here. Main
“hub” is in Atlanta.
f.
Forced to fight an offensive war.
Defensive war – took
place on their own soil.
g. Philosophy
Northern cause: Fighting to save
the union.
Southern cause: It was
a moral cause – they’re
fighting to preserve
their way of life.
Southerners see this as
their “Revolutionary”
War – their right to selfdetermination, selfgovernment, and the
guarantee of their
fundamental freedoms.
h. Communication
More difficult
Easier
i.
Foreign Allies
None
England (to a limited
degree)
j.
Objective
Had to win the war
Victory was not
necessary, a draw
would have been
acceptable.
North
South
c. Leadership
Types of War
See p. 430 of the text “Resources of the Union and the Confederacy, 1861”. What conclusion
can you draw about the chance of winning a war based on the data from this chart?
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EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION
EVOLUTION
1861
Congress votes – This war is being fought to preserve the
Union, not to change the domestic institutions of any state.
May, 1861
Slaves escape to the North, North declares them contraband of
war.
Early, 1862
Lincoln vetoes Congress’ authorization for the government to
confiscate slaves of masters who supported the Confederacy
(Lincoln doesn’t want to anger Unionist slave border states)
July, 1862
Republicans argue that emancipation is becoming a military
necessity (Reasons: weaken the Confederacy, strengthen the
Union by siphoning off part of the Southern labor force and
adding this manpower to the Northern side) Congress passes
2 laws.
Confiscation Act: freed slaves of persons who
had engaged in a rebellion against the U.S.
Militia Act: empowered the president to use
freed slaves in the army in any capacity he saw
fit, even as soldiers.
*
Lincoln personally wrestles with these ideas


gradually let rebellions states re-enter the Union by
freeing slaves.
he seeks places out of the U.S. which will accept Black
slaves (concern about the level of racial prejudice)
Sept., 1862
Preliminary Emancipation Proclamation issued - Lincoln gave
Confederacy 100 days to give up their fighting without losing
their slaves (No response from the South)
Dec., 1862
Lincoln asked Congress to consider bills for gradual,
compensated emancipation and subsidized colonization of
slaves (Failed in Congress)
Jan., 1863
EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION issued: All slaves in
those areas under Confederate control were free. Effect =
25% of the slaves run to the North.
1865
13th AMENDMENT passed - outlaws involuntary servitude.
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