Download Magnetism and Electricity

PROJECT GLAD
Woodstock Community Unit School District 200, Illinois
MAGNETISM AND ELECTRICITY
Grade 4
(Adapted from Electromagnetism by Mountain View School District)
IDEA PAGES
I.
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II.
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UNIT THEME
Electricity and magnetism are two forms of the single phenomena,
electromagnetic force.
Electromagnetic force is one of four main forces in the universe and has many
useful applications in everyday life throughout the world.
Many scientists have contributed to this field, and their work is built upon the
foundation of previous research and discoveries.
FOCUS/MOTIVATION
Literacy Award/3 Standards
Big Books
Observation Charts
Inquiry Charts
Realia – magnets, iron filings
Picture File Cards
Cognitive Content Dictionary with Signal World
Poetry and Songs
III.
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CLOSURE
Process all charts and graphs
Add to living walls
Team Exploration
Personal Exploration
Sharing of Team and Personal Explorations
On-going assessments – Learning logs, Interactive journals
Home-School Connection
Team Jeopardy game
IV.
CONCEPTS
Atoms have negatively charged electrons that spin around a nucleus of positively
charged protons and neutrons.
Charges fill space with an electric field.
Static electricity is associated with the gain or loss of electrons.
Electromagnetic forces can attract or repel.
Opposite charges attract each other, and like charges repel each other.
Electric current is the flow of electrons.
A complete, continuous path of current is called an electric circuit.
Conductors are materials that allow energy to flow and carry out current.
Simple, series, and parallel circuits can be built by using materials such as wires,
batteries, and bulbs.
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Roxana Cervantes, Eliana Postigo, Katie Vázquez, Sarah Wargaski—Project GLAD (January 2012)
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V.
Magnetic materials are sources of magnetic fields.
The Earth has a magnetic field caused by electrical currents.
Magnets have two poles; like poles repel and unlike poles attract.
Electric current, like magnets, produce magnetic fields.
Electromagnets are used in many simple devices, tools, and appliances.
VOCABULARY
Electricity – Static Electricity/ Electric Currents
atoms, charge, electric field, electricity, circuits, simple circuit, series
circuit, parallel circuit, batteries, bulbs, wire, resistance, current, voltage,
short circuit, fuse, conductor, insulator, superconductor, electrical energy,
potential energy, capacitors, AC – alternating current, DC – direct current,
amperes, coulombs, watts, volts, ohms, joules, circuit breaker,
conversion,
switch, lightning, ammeter, voltmeter, multimeter, ohmmeter
Magnetism
magnets, magnetic force, repulsion, attraction, repel, attract, compass,
magnetic field, poles, permanent magnets, geographic North Pole and
South Pole, polarized, domains, magnetic materials, ferromagnetic
elements
Electromagnetic Force
electromagnets, electromotive force, motors, generators, doorbells,
induction, inductors, solenoid coil, temporary magnets, motion, energy,
transformers, power, watts, earphones
VI.
ENGLISH/LANGUAGE ARTS SKILLS
ILLINOIS LANGUAGE ARTS STANDARDS
Reading Informational Text
CC.4.R.I.1 Key Ideas and Details: Refer to details and examples in a text when
explaining what the text says explicitly and when drawing inferences from the text.
CC.4.R.I.4 Craft and Structure: Determine the meaning of general academic and
domain-specific words or phrases in a text relevant to a grade 4 topic or subject area.
CC.4.R.I.7 Integration of Knowledge and Ideas: Interpret information presented
visually, orally, or quantitatively (e.g., in charts, graphs, diagrams, time lines,
animations, or interactive elements on Web pages) and explain how the information
contributes to an understanding of the text in which it appears.
CC.4.R.I.10 Range of Reading and Complexity of Text: By the end of year, read
and comprehend informational texts, including history/social studies, science, and
technical texts, in the grades 4–5 text complexity band proficiently, with scaffolding as
necessary at the high end of the range.
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Roxana Cervantes, Eliana Postigo, Katie Vázquez, Sarah Wargaski—Project GLAD (January 2012)
Reading Foundation Skills
CC.4.R.F.3 Phonics and Word Recognition: Know and apply grade-level phonics
and word analysis skills in decoding words.
CC.4.R.F.3.a Phonics and Word Recognition: Use combined knowledge of all lettersound correspondences, syllabication patterns, and morphology (e.g., roots and affixes)
to read accurately unfamiliar multisyllabic words in context and out of context.
CC.4.R.F.4.b Fluency: Read on-level prose and poetry orally with accuracy,
appropriate rate, and expression.
Writing
CC.4.W.1.a Text Types and Purposes: Introduce a topic or text clearly, state an
opinion, and create an organizational structure in which related ideas are grouped to
support the writer’s purpose.
CC.4.W.1.b Text Types and Purposes: Provide reasons that are supported by facts and
details.
CC.4.W.1.c Text Types and Purposes: Link opinion and reasons using words and
phrases (e.g., for instance, in order to, in addition).
CC.4.W.1.d Text Types and Purposes: Provide a concluding statement or section
related to the opinion presented.
CC.4.W.4 Production and Distribution of Writing: Produce clear and coherent
writing in which the development and organization are appropriate to task, purpose, and
audience. (Grade-specific expectations for writing types are defined in standards 1–3
above.)
CC.4.W.5 Production and Distribution of Writing: With guidance and support from
peers and adults, develop and strengthen writing as needed by planning, revising, and
editing.(Editing for conventions should demonstrate command of Language standards 1–
3up to and including grade 4 on page 29.)
CC.4.W.6 Production and Distribution of Writing: With some guidance and
support from adults, use technology, including the Internet, to produce and publish
writing as well as to interact and collaborate with others; demonstrate sufficient
command of keyboarding skills to type a minimum of one page in a single sitting.
CC.4.W.7 Research to Build and Present Knowledge: Conduct short research
projects that build knowledge through investigation of different aspects of a topic.
CC.4.W.10 Range of Writing: Write routinely over extended time frames (time for
research, reflection, and revision) and shorter time frames (a single sitting or a day or
two) for a range of discipline-specific tasks, purposes, and audiences.
Speaking Listening
CC.4.SL.1 Comprehension and Collaboration: Engage effectively in a range of
collaborative discussions (one-on-one, in groups, and teacher-led)with diverse partners
on grade 4 topics and texts, building on others’ ideas and expressing their own clearly.
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Roxana Cervantes, Eliana Postigo, Katie Vázquez, Sarah Wargaski—Project GLAD (January 2012)
CC.4.SL.1.b Comprehension and Collaboration: Follow agreed-upon rules for
discussions and carry out assigned roles.
CC.4.SL.1.c Comprehension and Collaboration: Pose and respond to specific
questions to clarify or follow up on information, and make comments that contribute to
the discussion and link to the remarks of others.
CC.4.SL.2 Comprehension and Collaboration: Paraphrase portions of a text read
aloud or information presented in diverse media and formats, including visually,
quantitatively, and orally.
Language
CC.4.L.1 Conventions of Standard English: Demonstrate command of the
conventions of standard English grammar and usage when writing or speaking.
CC.4.L.1.a Conventions of Standard English: Use relative pronouns (who, whose, whom,
which, that) and relative adverbs (where, when, why).
CC.4.L.1.d Conventions of Standard English: Order adjectives within sentences
according to conventional patterns (e.g., a small red bag rather than a red small bag).
CC.4.L.1.e Conventions of Standard English: Form and use prepositional phrases.
CC.4.L.2 Conventions of Standard English: Demonstrate command of the
conventions of standard English capitalization, punctuation, and spelling when writing.
CC.4.L.2.a Conventions of Standard English: Use correct capitalization.
CC.4.L.2.b Conventions of Standard English: Use commas and quotation marks to
mark direct speech and quotations from a text.
CC.4.L.2.d Conventions of Standard English: Spell grade-appropriate words
correctly, consulting references as needed.
CC.4.L.3 Knowledge of Language: Use knowledge of language and its conventions
when writing, speaking, reading, or listening.
CC.4.L.3.a Knowledge of Language: Choose words and phrases to convey ideas
precisely.*
CC.4.L.3.c Knowledge of Language: Differentiate between contexts that call for
formal English (e.g., presenting ideas) and situations where informal discourse is
appropriate (e.g., small-group discussion).
CC.4.L.4 Vocabulary Acquisition and Use: Determine or clarify the meaning of
unknown and multiple-meaning words and phrases based on grade 4 reading and
content, choosing flexibly from a range of strategies.
CC.4.L.4.a Vocabulary Acquisition and Use: Use context (e.g., definitions,
examples, or restatements in text) as a clue to the meaning of a word or phrase.
CC.4.L.4.b Vocabulary Acquisition and Use: Use common, grade-appropriate Greek
and Latin affixes and roots as clues to the meaning of a word (e.g., telegraph,
photograph, autograph).
CC.4.L.5.c Vocabulary Acquisition and Use: Demonstrate understanding of words
by relating them to their opposites (antonyms) and to words with similar but not
identical meanings (synonyms).
CC.4.L.6 Vocabulary Acquisition and Use: Acquire and use accurately gradeappropriate general academic and domain-specific words and phrases, including those
that signal precise actions, emotions, or states of being (e.g., quizzed, whined,
stammered) and that are basic to a particular topic (e.g., wildlife, conservation, and
endangered when discussing animal preservation).
Magnetism and Electricity, 4, Illinois
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Roxana Cervantes, Eliana Postigo, Katie Vázquez, Sarah Wargaski—Project GLAD (January 2012)
WIDA GRADE 3-5 ENGLISH LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT
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Roxana Cervantes, Eliana Postigo, Katie Vázquez, Sarah Wargaski—Project GLAD (January 2012)
VII.
SCIENCE/SKILLS/UNDERSTANDING
SCIENCE CONTENT STANDARDS FOR GRADE 4
STATE GOAL 11: Understand the processes of scientific inquiry and technological design
to investigate questions, conduct experiments and solve problems.
A. Know and apply the concepts, principles and processes of scientific
inquiry.
11.A.2a Formulate questions on a specific science topic and choose the steps needed
to answer the questions.
11.A.2b Collect data for investigations using scientific process skills including
observing, estimating and measuring.
11.A.2c Construct charts and visualizations to display data.
11.A.2d Use data to produce reasonable explanations.
11.A.2e Report and display the results of individual and group investigations.
B. Know and apply the concepts, principles and processes of technological
design.
11.B.2a Identify a design problem and propose possible solutions.
11.B.2b Develop a plan, design and procedure to address the problem identifying
constraints (e.g., time, materials, technology).
11.B.2c Build a prototype of the design using available tools and materials.
11.B.2d Test the prototype using suitable instruments, techniques and quantitative
measurements to record data.
C. Know and apply concepts that describe properties of matter and energy
and the interactions between them.
12.C.2a Describe and compare types of energy including light, heat, sound, electrical
and mechanical.
D. Know and apply concepts that describe force and motion and the
principles that explain them.
12.D.2b Demonstrate and explain ways that forces cause actions and reactions (e.g.,
magnets attracting and repelling; objects falling, rolling and bouncing).
B. Know and apply concepts that describe the interaction between
science, technology and society.
13.B.2a Explain how technology is used in science for a variety of purposes (e.g.,
sample collection, storage and treatment; measure-ment; data collection, storage and
retrieval; communication of information).
13.B.2b Describe the effects on society of scientific and technological innovations (e.g.,
antibiotics, steam engine, digital computer).
13.B.2c Identify and explain ways that science and technology influence the lives and
careers of people.
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Roxana Cervantes, Eliana Postigo, Katie Vázquez, Sarah Wargaski—Project GLAD (January 2012)
VIII. RESOURCES AND MATERIALS
Callan, Jim. Amazing Scientists; John Wiley and Sons, Inc., NY 1997
Christelow, Eileen. What Do Authors Do?, Clarion Books, NY 1995
Cole, Joanna & Degen, Bruce. Magic School Bus and the Electric Field Trip;
Scholastic, NY 1997
Da Silva, Wilson. A Guide to Modern Science, Fog City Press, CA 2002
Lafferty, Peter. Magnets to Generators; Gloucester Press, NY 1989
Lehrman, Robert. Physics, The Easy Way, Barron’s Educational Series, NY 1998
Oxlade, Chris. States of Matter; Heinemann Library, Chicago, Il 2002
Oxlade, Chris. Atoms; Heinemann Library, Chicago, Il 2002
Parker, Steve. Electricity; Dorling Kindersly, Inc., NY 1992
Tocci, Salvatore. The Periodic Table; Children’s Press, NY 2004
Raintree-Steck-Vaughn. Electricity and Magnetism; NY 2002
Ramsey, W. Physcial Science, Holt, NY 1997
Schreiber, Anne. Magnets, Scholastic, NY 2003
Stockley, C. Usborne Illustrated Dictionary of Physics, EDC Publishing 2000
VanCleave, Janice. Magnets, John Wiley & Sons, NY 1993
Whalley, Margaret. Experiment with Magnets and Electricity; Lerner
Publications
Co., Minneapolis, Minnesota 1994
District Texts
Harcourt Science, Grade 4
FOSS, Magnetism and Electricity Grade 4
FOSS Science Stories, Magnetism and Electricity Grade 4
Internet Resources
Types of Magnetism, Materials by Design www.mse.cornell.edu/courses
Circuits www.schoolscience.co.uk/content/3/physics
Electricity & Static Electricity www.sciencemadesimple.com/static
Ultra simple Electric Generator www.amasci.com/amateur
Circuit Diagrams www.ndt-ed.org/EducationResources
Scientists www.enchantedlearning.com
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Roxana Cervantes, Eliana Postigo, Katie Vázquez, Sarah Wargaski—Project GLAD (January 2012)
PROJECT GLAD
Woodstock School District
MAGNETISM AND ELECTRICITY
Grade 4
UNIT PLANNING PAGES
I. FOCUS/MOTIVATION
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Observation Charts
Inquiry Charts
Direct Experiences
Realia
Read Aloud
Big Book
Cognitive Content Dictionary
Learning Logs
Scientific Awards
Comparative Input
II. INPUT
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Pictorial Inputs – atom, 3 states of matter, electrical charges and fields, circuits,
magnets – Earth, permanent, electromagnets
Narrative Input
10/2 lecture
Read Aloud/Shared Book Experiences
Realia
Demonstrations/Explorations/ Labs (static electricity, compass, circuits, magnetic
fields)
Videos – Bill Nye, Lightning …
Listen and Sketch
Timeline of Scientists and their contributions
III. GUIDED ORAL PRACTICE
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T-Graph
Cooperative learning techniques for cross-cultural respect and decision making
Personal Interaction for bonding/respect
Exploration Report/Picture File Cards
Poetry/Chants/Songs/Rap
Farmer in the Dell
Process Grid
Team Points
Flexible groupings
Group Frame
On-going processing of charts
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Roxana Cervantes, Eliana Postigo, Katie Vázquez, Sarah Wargaski—Project GLAD (January 2012)
IV. READING/WRITING
Total class modeling – English, Primary language, all genres
Small Groups – Cooperative Tasks, Flex Groupings – by need & choice
 Focused reading
 Shared, guided, and flexible group reading
 Interactive reading
 Cooperative Strip paragraphs
 Expert Groups
 Mind Mapping
 Oral book sharing
 Flip chants
 Ear-to-ear reading
 Big Books
 Textbooks and trade books
 Reader’s Theater
 Group Frame
Individual Practice and Choice (Student’s own language)
 SSR
 SSW
 All genres and domains
 Interactive Journals, Learning Logs, Mind-mapping
 International Library
 Read Aloud by teacher and students of a variety of literature including students’
work
Writer’s Workshop
 Choice
 Metacognition – Mini-lesson and Conferencing
 Author’s Chair (Works in Progress only)
 Author’s Day (Sharing of Completed Works)
V. EXTENDED ACTIVITIES FOR INTEGRATION (INTELLIGENCES)
 Role-playing/drama
 Guided imagery
 Scientific Explorations
 Music/Movement
 Poetry
 Art
 Movie
 Field trips
 Computer
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Roxana Cervantes, Eliana Postigo, Katie Vázquez, Sarah Wargaski—Project GLAD (January 2012)
VI.
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CLOSURE/EVALUATION
Personal exploration
Rubrics
Assessments matched to outcomes/standards
o Practical – building of circuits, compass, electromagnet
Team exploration
Jeopardy Game
Process charts and learnings
On-going assessments
o Group Frames, Learning Logs, Interactive Journals
Running Records/Writing Inventories
Home-School Connection/Family Involvement
Alternative assessment strategies
o Videos, plays, presentations, demonstrations, building projects,
o Big Books, Portfolios
District tests
Teaching of study skills and test-taking skills
Magnetism and Electricity, 4, Illinois
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Roxana Cervantes, Eliana Postigo, Katie Vázquez, Sarah Wargaski—Project GLAD (January 2012)
PROJECT GLAD
Woodstock Community Unit School District 200, Illinois
MAGNETISM AND ELECTRICITY
Grade 4
SAMPLE DAILY LESSON PLANS
Italicized words represent strategies done daily.
DAY 1
FOCUS/MOTIVATION
3 Personal Standards/Literacy Awards
Cognitive Content Dictionary with Signal Word
Observation Charts
Inquiry Chart
Big Book
Portfolios
GUIDED ORAL PRACTICE
Chant – I’m a Magnet
INPUT
Graphic Organizer - Timeline
10/2
*Learning Log
*ELD Review
*Read Aloud
GUIDED ORAL PRACTICE
Chant – Electrons
T-graph for Social Skills
Exploration Report/Picture File Cards
INPUT
Pictorial Input – Magnets
10/2
Learning Log
ELD Review
READING/WRITING
*Writer’s Workshop
Mini-lesson
Write
Author’s Chair
CLOSURE
*Process charts
Interactive Journals
Home/School Connection
*These items will not be part of the
demonstration but would be
included in classroom instruction.
Magnetism and Electricity, 4, Illinois
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Roxana Cervantes, Eliana Postigo, Katie Vázquez, Sarah Wargaski—Project GLAD (January 2012)
DAY 2
FOCUS/MOTIVATION
3 Personal Standards/Literacy Awards
Cognitive Content Dictionary with Signal Word
Process Home/School Connection
*Big Book Review
*Realia
Process input with word cards and picture file cards
INPUT
Narrative Input
Learning Log
10/2
GUIDED ORAL PRACTICE
Chant – I Know a Physicist
*Personal Interaction
Process Chant – Electrons, *I’m a Magnet
Highlight, sketch, picture file cards, TPR
READING/WRITING
Flexible Groups – Expert Groups
Team Tasks
 T-Graph Review
 Team Tasks
 Process T-graph and Team Share
*Writer’s Workshop
Mini-lesson
Write
Author’s Chair
CLOSURE
Process Inquiry Chart
Interactive Journals
Home/School Connection
Magnetism and Electricity, 4, Illinois
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Roxana Cervantes, Eliana Postigo, Katie Vázquez, Sarah Wargaski—Project GLAD (January 2012)
DAY 3
FOCUS/MOTIVATION
3 Personal Standards/Literacy Awards
Cognitive Content Dictionary with Signal Word
Process Home/School Connection
*Big Book/Read Aloud
READING/WRITING
Story Map
GUIDED ORAL PRACTICE
Chant – I’m a Circuit
READING/WRITING
Flex Groups – Expert Groups
Team Tasks, Oral Team Evaluation from T-graph
Sentence Patterning Chart (SPC)
Reading Game
Trading Game
*Flip Chants
READING/WRITING
Mind Map
GUIDED ORAL PRACTICE
Process Grid
READING/WRITING
Cooperative Strip Paragraph
Read, Respond, Revise, Edit
*Strip Book
*Writing Workshop
Mini-lesson
Write
Author’s Chair
CLOSURE
Process Inquiry Chart
Interactive Journals
Home/School Connection
Magnetism and Electricity, 4, Illinois
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Roxana Cervantes, Eliana Postigo, Katie Vázquez, Sarah Wargaski—Project GLAD (January 2012)
DAY 4
FOCUS/MOTIVATION
3 Personal Standards/Literacy Awards
Cognitive Content Dictionary with Signal Word
Stumper Word (Student Selected Vocabulary) – 4 day demo only
Process Home/School Connection
GUIDED ORAL PRACTICE
Chant – Is This a Circuit?
READING/WRITING
Flexible Group Reading
Team Tasks
Group Frame - ELD Retell (Narrative)
Clunkers and Links – at or above level reading
*Writing Workshop
Focused Reading with Personal CCD
Ear to Ear Reading with Poetry Booklet
Listen and Sketch – The Legend of Magnes
GUIDED ORAL PRACTICE
Chants/Poetry – I’m an Electrical Engineer
CLOSURE
Turn in Learning Logs for Evaluation
Process Inquiry Charts
Magnetism and Electricity, 4, Illinois
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Roxana Cervantes, Eliana Postigo, Katie Vázquez, Sarah Wargaski—Project GLAD (January 2012)
DAY 5
FOCUS/MOTIVATION
3 Personal Standards/Literacy Awards
Cognitive Content Dictionary with Signal Word
Student Choice – Stumper Word
Process Home/School Connection
GUIDED ORAL PRACTICE
Chants/Poetry
READING/WRITING
Flex Group Reading
Struggling and Emergent Reading with Coop Strip Paragraph
Team Tasks
Team Presentations
Found Poetry
*Writing Workshop
Mini-lesson
Write
Author’s Chair
CLOSURE
Presentations/Publishing
Letter Home
Process Inquiry Chart
Process Week – “What helped you learn?”
Chant – Superstar
Magnetism and Electricity, 4, Illinois
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Roxana Cervantes, Eliana Postigo, Katie Vázquez, Sarah Wargaski—Project GLAD (January 2012)
I JUST THOUGHT YOU’D LIKE TO KNOW…
about ELECTRICITY and MAGNETISM
By Lillie Ruvalcaba
Adapted by Katie Vazquez
I just thought you’d like to know that electricity and magnetism are related
forces…
Our earth is a giant magnet.
A compass detects magnetic fields, including Earth’s magnetic field.
The compass needle always points to the magnetic north pole.
Explorers have used compasses for over 1000 years to navigate.
I just thought you’d like to know.
I just thought you’d like to know that electricity and magnetism are related
forces…
Magnets have two poles, north and south. Like poles repel each other and unlike poles
attract each other in an invisible area called the magnetic field.
I just thought you’d like to know.
I just thought you’d like to know that electricity and magnetism are related
forces…
Electricity has positive and negative charge. Electrically charged objects attract and repel
each other in the same way magnets attract and repel each other.
I just thought you’d like to know.
I just thought you’d like to know that electricity and magnetism are related
forces…
Current electricity is the movement of charge. Every atom has electrons whizzing
around the nucleus, so every atom is generating an electric current. Every atom in the
universe has its own little magnetic field.
I just thought you’d like to know.
Magnetism and Electricity, 4, Illinois
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Roxana Cervantes, Eliana Postigo, Katie Vázquez, Sarah Wargaski—Project GLAD (January 2012)
I just thought you’d like to know that electricity and magnetism are related
forces…
When electricity is flowing, charges are moving throughout a circuit. Both simple series
and parallel series circuits use things like wires, batteries and bulbs.
I just thought you’d like to know.
I just thought you’d like to know that electricity and magnetism are related
forces…
Electricity is all around. Electrical energy can be converted to heat, light, sound and
motion.
I just thought you’d like to know.
I just thought you’d like to know that electricity and magnetism are related
forces…
Electricity is all around.
Electrical energy can be converted to heat, light, sound and motion.
I just thought you’d like to know.
Magnetism and Electricity, 4, Illinois
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Roxana Cervantes, Eliana Postigo, Katie Vázquez, Sarah Wargaski—Project GLAD (January 2012)
The Important Book about Electricity
By Marita d’Arnaud
An important thing to remember about electricity is that it has many useful applications
in everyday life.
Electricity is one form of electromagnetic force. A force is a push or a pull.
Electricity is related to magnetism, the other form of electromagnetic force.
Electrical energy, which comes from charged particles, allows us do many things
like play a PlayStation II game, toast bread in a toaster, and drive an
electric car.
But an important thing to remember about electricity is that it has many useful
applications in everyday life.
An important thing to remember about electricity is that it has many useful applications
in everyday life.
Negatively charged electrons(-) in atoms spin around a nucleus of positively
charged protons(+) and neutrons(0), which have no charge.
When atoms lose or gain electrons, the atoms become charged.
Charges fill space with an electric field.
Opposite charges attract each other, and like charges repel each other.
But an important thing to remember about electricity is that it has many useful
applications in everyday life.
An important thing to remember about electricity is that it has many useful applications
in everyday life.
When negative charges move from one object to another, charge builds up on
both objects.
One object will have a positive charge. The other will have a negative charge.
This buildup of charges is called static electricity.
Built-up charges can leak out harmlessly or “jump” causing an electrical
discharge, like lightning or an electrical shock.
But an important thing to remember about electricity is that it has many useful
applications in everyday life.
An important thing to remember about electricity is that it has many useful applications
in everyday life.
A stream of moving electrons produces an electric current.
An electric circuit is a complete, continuous path of current.
Conductors, like copper and aluminum, are materials that allow current to flow
easily. Insulators, like rubber and plastic, do not allow current to flow.
But an important thing to remember about electricity is that it has many useful
applications in everyday life.
Magnetism and Electricity, 4, Illinois
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Roxana Cervantes, Eliana Postigo, Katie Vázquez, Sarah Wargaski—Project GLAD (January 2012)
An important thing to remember about electricity is that it has many useful applications
in everyday life.
Simple, series, and parallel circuits can be built using materials such as wires,
batteries, switches, and bulbs.
As current flows through a bulb, electrical energy is converted to heat and light
energy.
As electric current flows, a magnetic field is produced. A moving magnetic field
creates an electric current.
Electricity allows us to turn on lights, play videogames, use a microwave, and
watch television.
But an important thing to remember about electricity is that it has many useful
applications in everyday life.
Magnetism and Electricity, 4, Illinois
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Roxana Cervantes, Eliana Postigo, Katie Vázquez, Sarah Wargaski—Project GLAD (January 2012)
The Important Book about Magnetism
By Marita d’Arnaud
An important thing to remember about magnetism is that it has many useful applications
in everyday life.
Magnetism is one form of electromagnetic force. A force is a push or a pull.
Magnetism is related to electricity, the other form of electromagnetic force.
Can openers, magnetic levitation (Maglev) trains, and screwdrivers use magnets.
But an important thing to remember about magnetism is that it has many useful
applications in everyday life.
An important thing to remember about magnetism is that it has many useful applications
in everyday life.
Magnetic materials include metals and metal alloys like iron, nickel, and cobalt.
Magnets come in different sizes and shapes such as rings, bars, and horseshoes.
There are temporary magnets and permanent magnets.
But an important thing to remember about magnetism is that it has many useful
applications in everyday life.
An important thing to remember about magnetism is that it has many useful applications
in everyday life.
A magnet has two poles, a north pole and a south pole.
Each magnet produces a magnetic field traveling from north to south that
curves around the magnet.
Unlike poles attract, and like poles repel. The closer the poles are, the
stronger the force.
Electric currents produce magnetic fields.
But an important thing to remember about magnetism is that it has many useful
applications in everyday life.
An important thing to remember about magnetism is that it has many useful applications
in everyday life.
Our earth, with a nickel and iron core, is a giant magnet that has a magnetic
north
pole and south pole.
Scientists theorize that moving electric currents inside the earth create its
magnetic field.
A compass is a magnetized needle that points to the earth’s magnetic north pole.
The earth’s magnetic poles are at least one thousand miles away from the
earth’s
geographic poles.
But an important thing to remember about magnetism is that it has many useful
applications in everyday life.
Magnetism and Electricity, 4, Illinois
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Roxana Cervantes, Eliana Postigo, Katie Vázquez, Sarah Wargaski—Project GLAD (January 2012)
An important thing to remember about magnetism is that it has many useful applications
in everyday life.
Just as an electric current produces a magnetic field, a changing magnetic field
produces an electric current.
A coiled wire with an electric current has a stronger magnetic field than a
straight
wire with current.
Inserting an iron bar into the coil creates an electromagnet, with an even
stronger
field.
Electromagnets are used in electric generators, motors, and simple devices such
as
doorbells, VCRs, telephones, and loudspeakers.
But an important thing to remember about magnetism is that it has many useful
applications in everyday life.
Magnetism and Electricity, 4, Illinois
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Roxana Cervantes, Eliana Postigo, Katie Vázquez, Sarah Wargaski—Project GLAD (January 2012)
THE LEGEND OF MAGNES (for Listen and Sketch)
(another option is to use the Magnes story from the FOSS reader)
A legend is a story about an event that happened a long time ago. Usually, a
legend has some truth to it, but untruths have often been added through the years.
There is a Greek legend about how magnets were first discovered.
Thousands of years ago, an old man named Magnes was herding his sheep. As
he walked his sheep through the fields, he climbed on a large, black rock to get a better
view.
Something strange happened. The nails in his shoes and the metal at the tip of
his shepherd’s staff stuck to the rock! He lifted his feet out of his shoes and left his staff
to go tell the townspeople of Magnesia what happened.
They came to look at the mysterious rock. The townspeople were amazed.
Magnes then removed his shoes and staff and went on his way. The townspeople
named the black rock “magnetite” after the old man and
the town nearby.
Over the years, legends were made up about the power of magnetite.
Some legends told of magnetite having magical powers. Others told of magnetite
healing the sick and driving evil spirits away. Sailors told legends of ships made of iron
being attracted to magnetite rocks only to be crushed and shipwrecked.
From Teacher Created Materials
Magnetism and Electricity, 4, Illinois
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Roxana Cervantes, Eliana Postigo, Katie Vázquez, Sarah Wargaski—Project GLAD (January 2012)
Famous Scientists Timeline
L. Ruvalcaba
470 BC Democritus
Greek philosopher - theorizes about the atom.
Theorized that all matter was made up of invisible
particles called atoms. His idea was rejected at
the time because it could not be proved. He was
even suspected of being insane.
625-547 BC
Thales
Ancient Greek scientist, Thales, observed that an
electric charge could be generated by rubbing
amber with a piece of wool or fur, the greek word
for electron
1600
William Gilbert
English Scientist - first to study about the
lines of force around magnets. He theorized
that Earth was a large magnet and exerted
a magnetic influence (gravity) throughout
the solar system. He was the first scientist
to use the word electric to describe one
object’s power to attract others. He made
the first electroscope, an instrument that
detects the presence of an electric charge.
1687
Sir Isaac Newton
British Scientist - Explained how all objects
in the universe, even the planets, move. His laws
of motion used math and he made predictions, for
the first time. Scientists still consider Newton the
most famous physicist ever.
1752
Benjamin Franklin
American statesman and inventor. He proved
that lightning was static electricity, invented
the Franklin stove, bifocal glasses, and the
lightning rod.
1769
James Watt
Scottish engineer – made important improvements
to the steam engine, thereby helping to stimulate
the Industrial Revolution. He was the first person
who coined the term, horsepower. The basic
measure of electric power is the watt, which
was
named in his honor.
Magnetism and Electricity, 4, Illinois
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Roxana Cervantes, Eliana Postigo, Katie Vázquez, Sarah Wargaski—Project GLAD (January 2012)
1800
Alessandro Volta
Italian physicist. Discovered that 2 metals in
contact could create an electric current. Created
the first electric battery and condenser.
Invented the electrophorous to show static
electricity, a device with two metal plates that can
make an electrical charge. Volt (modern unit of
electric potential, which is the strength or “electric
push” of the flowing charge) named after him
1803
John Dalton
English scientist provided proof that atoms
existed. His atomic theory states that all matter is
made up of small, indivisible particles called atoms.
Atoms of different particles have different
properties, but all atoms of the same element are
identical. Atoms cannot be created or destroyed.
1819
Hans Christian Oersted
Danish Scientist – discovered electromagnetism
He was conducting an experiment with an electrical
circuit and noticed that when he turned the circuit
on and off the needle of his nearby compass would
jump. He concluded that electricity produces
magnetism. His discovery became the basis of the
electric motor and the electromagnet.
1826
Georg Ohm
Made an important discovery about resistance. He
studied the relationship between the amount of
current that flowed through a wire(amperage) and
the amount of EMF that drove the current
(voltage).
1830’s
Andre Ampere
French scientist - Discovered that if he passed an
electric current through a coil of wire, the wire
acted like a magnet. The basic unit of electric
current flow is named “ampere.”
Magnetism and Electricity, 4, Illinois
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Roxana Cervantes, Eliana Postigo, Katie Vázquez, Sarah Wargaski—Project GLAD (January 2012)
1831
Michael Faraday
British Scientist – Conducted an experiment devised
to bring about the conversion of magnetism to
electricity. He imagined that there were “lines of
force” stretching out in space from a magnet. He
discovered electromagnetic induction, a varying or
moving magnetic field produces an electromotive
force emf in a nearby conductor, and thus an
electric current if the conductor is part of a circuit.
Constructed the first electric generator.
1847
Alexander Graham Bell
Born in Scotland, emigrated to America in
1871. American scientist and inventor. He found
that different voice tones could vary the electrical
signals flowing in a wire, by the process of
electromagnetic induction. Invented an early
version of the telephone.
1865
James Clerk Maxwell
Scottish physicist. Developed the math to
describe electric and magnetic fields and how they
affect each other. He showed that magnetic
fields
the
1873 Demitri Mendeleyev
table of
and electric fields always exist together, so
field is really an electromagnetic field. Maxwell
also produced a theory about what light is and how
it moves.
Siberian scientist devised his periodic
elements. He used the atomic weights of
elements
and grouped the elements according to similar
properties, such as how they react with oxygen.
This gave him seven different groups of elements.
He made the claim that “properties of the elements
were periodic functions of their atomic
weights.”Mendeleyev called this the periodic table
of elements because the chemical properties
repeated themselves every seven elements.
Magnetism and Electricity, 4, Illinois
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Roxana Cervantes, Eliana Postigo, Katie Vázquez, Sarah Wargaski—Project GLAD (January 2012)
1877 Thomas Edison
phonograph
American Inventor He invented the
1881
Lewis H. Latimer
African American inventor - He made incandescent
lightblulb last much longer by using inexpensive
carbon filaments.
1893
Nikola Tesla
Croatian Scientist – invented AC power (alternating
currents) An alternating current flows alternately in
either direction, and its voltage can be easily
controlled. Tesla showed that AC power could be
transmitted efficiently at high voltages over great
distances. When it reached the points it was to be
transferred into homes, devices called transformers
could decrease the voltage to safe levels. Tesla
invented all the different components of the entire
AC system – generator, transformer, transmission
lines, motor and lights.
and the incandescent lightbulb, had more than
1,300 inventions in his lifetime
1898
Marie Curie
Polish scientist – discovered the element
radium. Famous for her discoveries in field of
radioactivity. Discovered that a small amount of
radium would destroy human tissue.
1905
Albert Einstein
German scientist – Most famous for his theory of
relativity. One of the most famous discoveries in
all
scientific history was the amount of energy stored
in matter. If the amount of energy that is stored in
just one pound of coal could be converted into
energy it would produce the amount of electricity
the entire world uses in one day.
Magnetism and Electricity, 4, Illinois
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Roxana Cervantes, Eliana Postigo, Katie Vázquez, Sarah Wargaski—Project GLAD (January 2012)
Magnetism and Electricity, 4, Illinois
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Roxana Cervantes, Eliana Postigo, Katie Vázquez, Sarah Wargaski—Project GLAD (January 2012)
Pictorial
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Roxana Cervantes, Eliana Postigo, Katie Vázquez, Sarah Wargaski—Project GLAD (January 2012)
NARRATIVE INPUT
Katrina Faber, her brother Carl, and their parents are spending Saturday
afternoon at the Franklin Institute Science Museum in Philadelphia. “Hey kids, come
look at this! It’s an exhibit on Ben Franklin’s inventions. He was from Philly, you
know, just like us,” said Mrs. Faber.
“No, he was born in Boston!” Carl quickly added. Mrs. Faber stated that he lived
in Philadelphia, Ben’s favorite city, most of his life.
“Wow! This is pretty incredible! Look at all the things he invented. Wood
stoves…bifocals…” Mr. Faber exclaimed. Katrina wanted to know what bifocals were.
Carl explained that they are special glasses with two lenses. The top is for viewing long
distances while the bottom half is for reading. Then Mr. Faber continued to explain how
old Ben got tired of switching his regular glasses to his reading glasses that he
combined the two and invented bifocals.
1
Katrina sat down on a bench while her family continued looking at exhibits. As
Mrs. Faber started talking about Franklin discovering electricity, Katrina noticed an oddly
dressed elderly man. He was wearing a shiny suit with ruffles at the wrists, and his
pants went down to his knees. His shoes had silver buckles on them. Still, Katrina was
sure she’d seen him somewhere before. “It never happened,” the stranger spoke.
“What?” asked Katrina.
“I never discovered electricity.” Katrina stared at the stranger and was
dumbfounded.
“What, you don’t recognize old Ben? Ben Franklin?” Ben said.
“You can’t be Ben Franklin, he was born a million years ago!” Katrina remarked.
“Would you offer him a seat if he were here?” asked Ben. Katrina nodded.
2
Ben sat down next to Katrina and kicked off his shoes and asked her what they
were talking about. Katrina couldn’t believe that he had already forgotten what they
were discussing. “Electricity, Mr. Franklin,” she replied.
3
Magnetism and Electricity, 4, Illinois
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Roxana Cervantes, Eliana Postigo, Katie Vázquez, Sarah Wargaski—Project GLAD (January 2012)
Ben chuckled and then began to explain how many people thought he discovered
electricity however it was the Greeks who discovered it about 3,000 years ago in 600
B.C.E. They weren’t sure how to use it. All they knew was that rubbing amber with a
piece of wool would create static electricity. He told her another example of static
electricity is when a person takes off their hat in the winter and their hair stands straight
up. “That’s electricity?” Katrina asked.
“Sure. It’s just like your TV,” Ben answered. Then Katrina gave Ben a puzzled
look and he replied, “Keep up. Here, close your eyes for a second and I’ll show you
exactly how I discovered that lightning was made out of electricity.”
4
When Katrina opened her eyes, she found herself in a living room of a house.
There was a paper on the table that resembled a newspaper with date 1752. Ben was
there, with his shoes on, sitting in a chair talking to his son named William. He asked
him what he was doing for the day and if he wanted to help perform an experiment.
She could then hear Ben saying, “It’s going to be a rainy evening. It’s perfect weather
for our electrical experiment. Let’s get started.” Katrina watched as they made a kite
out of two crossed strips of cedar wood and an old handkerchief. Then they attached
a piece of wire to one of the strips. She wondered if they needed her help or if they
could even see her.
5
The two went outside and Katrina followed. She heard Ben tell William how
electricity was discovered hundreds of years ago. Yet, nobody really knew what it was,
or how to use it, or if it could be used. “Is it magic?” she heard William ask.
“It’s not magic. I suspect it comes from nature. My guess is that lightning is
made of electricity. That’s what I hope we can prove tonight. Metal attracts
electricity. I think it attracts lightning, too,” Ben said. He then took the kite and tied a
large metal key to it. Ben held onto the string as William ran with the kite. A strong
wind took the kite high into the air.
6
“Hey wait! That’s really dangerous! I heard about someone who got hit by
lightning on a golf course and got badly hurt! Hey! Can your hear me?” Katrina yelled.
Ben and his son didn’t hear Katrina’s warning.
“Direct me towards the darkest cloud, William!” Ben instructed. Lightning was
flashing all around them, and finally it struck the wire on the kite. Ben reached for the
key and yelled, “Yeow!” A spark flew off the key and zapped him.
“Did electricity travel down the string? Was that spark electricity?” William
asked.
“It most certainly was! We’ve done it, William! We’ve proven that lightning is
made of electricity!” exclaimed Ben.
7
Magnetism and Electricity, 4, Illinois
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Roxana Cervantes, Eliana Postigo, Katie Vázquez, Sarah Wargaski—Project GLAD (January 2012)
“How does this help us?” asked William. Ben put his arm around William and
began telling him how he thought he could prevent houses from burning down to the
ground that get struck by lightning. He explained that lightning is attracted to metal,
and that lightning usually strikes the tallest thing around. Katrina then heard Ben tell
his son that if he put a tall metal pole on every house, the lightning would hit the pole
instead of the house. “Katrina, it’s time to go!” William said.
“What? You can see me?” Katrina said.
“I said it’s time to go!” William said again.
8
Katrina blinked and found that she was sitting on the bench at the Franklin
Institute. Katrina’s dad was shaking her on the shoulder. “Hey Katrina, it’s time to go! I
said, it’s time to go! Have you been sleeping on this bench all afternoon?” Mr. Faber
asked.
Carl laughed, “I’ll bet you’ve really learned a lot.”
“I learned plenty today,” Katrina responded. She then went into detail about the
story of Ben and his son discovering that lightning was made of electricity and how he
put that discovery into inventing the lightning rod.
“Where did you learn that?” asked Mrs. Faber.
“Ben Franklin told me. I mean, I must have read it somewhere,” Katrina
stammered. Mr. Faber had then said that it was time to hit the road.
9
“I need to get a drink of water first. I’ll hurry,” Katrina said. Just as she was
getting a drink she noticed someone carefully studying the electricity exhibit. It was
Ben. “Mr. Franklin, your still here. I told my parents about the lightning rod. That was
great,” Katrina said. With a smile on Ben’s face, he told Katrina of some other amazing
accomplishments during his time. He told her how he formed the first fire department,
established the first free library, invented the wood stove, signed the Declaration of
Independence, and the Constitution. He even went to France to raise money for the
American Revolution. “Wow, I can’t even finish all of my homework sometimes!”
Katrina said.
10
Magnetism and Electricity, 4, Illinois
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Roxana Cervantes, Eliana Postigo, Katie Vázquez, Sarah Wargaski—Project GLAD (January 2012)
“People can accomplish a lot if they believe in themselves and work hard.
Nothing is so complicated that we can’t understand it. All you have to do is slow down
and think it through carefully. Pretty soon it’ll make sense to you. When I was young
there were a million things we didn’t understand about science and medicine. But, I
read everything I could, spent lots of time thinking about things. Try it. You’ll be
surprised what you might discover.” Ben said. Just then Ben pulled a penny from
behind Katrina’s ear and handed it to her. “Here’s a penny for your thoughts,” he
said.
“How did you do that?” Katrina was shocked.
“It’s magic,” Ben replied.
“Thanks, Mr. Franklin. Thanks for everything,” Katrina said
11
That night Mrs. Faber went to tuck Katrina into bed. They discussed the events
of the day and their favorite exhibits. As Mrs. Faber went to turn the light off she
noticed something shiny on Katrina’s desk and picked it up. “This penny is from 1789.
Where did you get this?” Mrs. Faber asked.
Katrina smiled, “An ‘old’ friend gave it to me.”
12
Speech Bubbles and Word Cards
“Wow! This is pretty incredible!
Look at all the things he invented.
Wood stoves…bifocals…”
“I never discovered
electricity.”
“That’s
electricity?”
Magnetism and Electricity, 4, Illinois
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Roxana Cervantes, Eliana Postigo, Katie Vázquez, Sarah Wargaski—Project GLAD (January 2012)
“Keep up. Close your eyes for a second and
I’ll show you exactly how I discovered that
lightning is made out of electricity.”
“It’s not magic. I suspect it
comes from nature. My guess
is that lightning is made of
electricity. That’s what I hope
we can prove tonight. Metal
attracts electricity.”I think
it attracts lightning, too.”
“It most certainly was! We’ve done it,
William! We’ve proven that lightning is made
of electricity!”
“People can accomplish a lot if they
believe in themselves and work hard.
Nothing is so complicated that we can’t
understand it.”
Magnetism and Electricity, 4, Illinois
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Roxana Cervantes, Eliana Postigo, Katie Vázquez, Sarah Wargaski—Project GLAD (January 2012)
spark
invented
discovered
lightning rod
electrical experiment
Magnetism and Electricity, 4, Illinois
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Roxana Cervantes, Eliana Postigo, Katie Vázquez, Sarah Wargaski—Project GLAD (January 2012)
Magnetism
and
Electricity
POETRY BOOKLET
NAME:__________________________
Magnetism and Electricity, 4, Illinois
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Roxana Cervantes, Eliana Postigo, Katie Vázquez, Sarah Wargaski—Project GLAD (January 2012)
ELECTRONS by M. d’Arnaud adapted by K. Vazquez
Electrons here, electrons there,
Electrons, electrons, everywhere!
Minute electrons spinning furiously,
Negative electrons attracting constantly,
Weightless electrons repelling persistently, and
Spherical electrons flowing energetically.
Electrons in the circuits,
Electrons around the magnets,
Electrons near the filaments, and
Electrons from the generator.
Electrons here, electrons there,
Electrons, electrons, everywhere!
Electrons, electrons, electrons!
Magnetism and Electricity, 4, Illinois
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Roxana Cervantes, Eliana Postigo, Katie Vázquez, Sarah Wargaski—Project GLAD (January 2012)
Magnets Here-There
By K. Vázquez, S. Wargaski, E. Postigo, R. Cervantes
Magnets here, magnets there,
Magnets, magnets everywhere!
Strong magnets repelling forcefully,
Permanent magnets attracting naturally,
Artificial magnets holding temporarily,
Useful magnets helping daily.
Magnets on the white board,
Magnets in our electronics,
Magnets inside the Earth, and
Magnets around the house.
Magnets here, magnets there,
Magnets, magnets everywhere!
Magnets! Magnets! Magnets!
Magnetism and Electricity, 4, Illinois
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Roxana Cervantes, Eliana Postigo, Katie Vázquez, Sarah Wargaski—Project GLAD (January 2012)
I’M AN ELECTRICAL ENGINEER
I’m an electrical engineer, and here to say
I study how charges move everyday.
Sometimes I plan a circuit or read a physics book,
Sometimes I analyze how electromagnets look.
Conductors, voltage, and resistance, too
The Electrical Current Bugaloo!
I study electricity and where it flows,
When switches are flipped, well, there it goes.
It travels through conductors often wrapped in insulators,
Currents can convert to light, and cool refrigerators.
Conductors, voltage, and resistance, too
The Electrical Current Bugaloo!
Parallel and series circuits are part of my design
When creating electrical devices divine,
Generators and batteries produce electricity,
And current can flow as AC or DC.
Conductors, voltage, and resistance, too
The Electrical Current Bugaloo!
by M. d’Arnaud
Magnetism and Electricity, 4, Illinois
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Roxana Cervantes, Eliana Postigo, Katie Vázquez, Sarah Wargaski—Project GLAD (January 2012)
I’M A MAGNET by M. d’Arnaud
(Tune of I’m a Nut)
I’m a magnet, and I’m here to say,
I have a magnetic field around me all day.
North and south are my two poles,
When next to other magnets, they’ve got their own roles.
I’m a magnet with magnetic force.
I’m a magnet with magnetic force!
Unlike poles attract while like poles repel,
Attraction or repulsion, it’s easy to tell.
I’m a permanent magnet if I’m strongly magnetic,
If weak, I’m temporary, not quite so energetic.
I’m a magnet with magnetic force.
I’m a magnet with magnetic force!
Electric currents create strong electromagnets,
And magnetic fields induce electric currents.
Nickel, cobalt, and iron are ferromagnetic,
Other strong magnets can be natural or synthetic.
I’m a magnet with magnetic force.
I’m a magnet with magnetic force!
Magnetism and Electricity, 4, Illinois
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Roxana Cervantes, Eliana Postigo, Katie Vázquez, Sarah Wargaski—Project GLAD (January 2012)
I’M A CIRCUIT by M. d’Arnaud
(My Darling Clementine tune)
I’m a circuit, I’m a circuit, where electric current flows.
I’ve got a light bulb and a battery,
Plus conductive wires, everyone knows.
I have voltage from my battery, and resistance in the bulb,
Moving electrons cause a current,
As they flow, spin, and revolve.
Magnetism and Electricity, 4, Illinois
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Roxana Cervantes, Eliana Postigo, Katie Vázquez, Sarah Wargaski—Project GLAD (January 2012)
IS THIS A CIRCUIT?
By Elsa Perini and Marita d’Arnaud
Is this a circuit?
Is this a circuit?
How do you know?
How do you know?
What else does it have?
Any other parts?
Yes, ma’am.
Yes, ma’am.
Electrons are flowing.
It has electrical wires.
Light bulbs and switches,
A battery for voltage.
Is this a simple circuit?
Is this a simple circuit?
How do you know?
What else does it have?
Any other parts?
What is happening?
Yes, ma’am.
Yes, ma’am.
It has only one bulb.
A conductor and voltage.
Sometimes a switch.
Electrons are flowing.
Is this a series circuit?
Is this a series circuit?
How do you know?
How are they connected?
Give me an example.
Yes, ma’am.
Yes, ma’am.
It has two or more bulbs.
In a row.
Holiday lights.
Is this a parallel circuit?
Is this a parallel circuit?
How do you know?
How are they connected?
Give me an example.
Yes, ma’am.
Yes, ma’am.
It has two or more bulbs.
Branching out in different
paths.
The lighting in your house.
Well, now are you through?
Did you tell me true?
And what did you chant?
And what did you chant?
Yes, ma’am.
Yes, ma’am.
An electrical circuit.
An electrical circuit.
Magnetism and Electricity, 4, Illinois
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Roxana Cervantes, Eliana Postigo, Katie Vázquez, Sarah Wargaski—Project GLAD (January 2012)
SCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATION
By M. M. d’Arnaud
I just know, but I’ve been told,
An investigation’s worth its weight in gold.
A lab experiment is fun to do,
The scientific method’s the way for you.
Sound off…….Meaningful question,
Sound off…….Investigation,
Sound off…….1,2, 3, 4…Experiment!
Start with a question, for which you’d like an answer,
And develop a hypothesis, an educated guess,
Determine the variables that can affect the outcomes,
Then list the materials and procedures for your tests.
Sound off…….Hypothesis,
Sound off…….Procedures and Materials,
Sound off…….1,2, 3, 4…Experiment!
Carefully observe what’s in motion or at rest,
Record and gather data as you measure and test,
Repeat your tests, analyze your observations,
Then develop a conclusion for the investigation.
Sound off…….Analysis,
Sound off…….Conclusions,
Sound off…….1,2, 3, 4…Experiment!
Magnetism and Electricity, 4, Illinois
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Roxana Cervantes, Eliana Postigo, Katie Vázquez, Sarah Wargaski—Project GLAD (January 2012)
MATTER by M. M. d’Arnaud
(Tune of Down by the Bay)
The world’s made of matter.
It has mass and takes up space,
And it comes in different phases,
Like solid, liquid, and gas.
Matter’s made up of elements,
Elements’ units are called atoms,
More than a hundred different atoms on the Periodic Table,
The world’s made of matter.
Our universe is made of matter,
Which can melt, boil, freeze, and evaporate.
Mixing matter can form new substances,
With different properties than the originals.
Early people thought all matter
Was made of earth, wind, fire, and water,
Over a hundred different atoms,
microscopic and in motion,
Make up our universe.
Magnetism and Electricity, 4, Illinois
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Roxana Cervantes, Eliana Postigo, Katie Vázquez, Sarah Wargaski—Project GLAD (January 2012)
MATTER
(Tune of The Brady Bunch – Verse 2 & Chorus)
By Kendra Maxwell and Margaret John
Here’s a story
About the states of matter,
It is everywhere in this whole wide world.
It is people. It is water.
It is plants. It is rocks, and it is air.
The states of matter,
The states of matter,
It is solid. It is liquid. It is gas.
Magnetism and Electricity, 4, Illinois
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Roxana Cervantes, Eliana Postigo, Katie Vázquez, Sarah Wargaski—Project GLAD (January 2012)
I Know a Physicist
I know an accomplished physicist,
An observant accomplished physicist,
An observant accomplished physicist,
Who studies the laws of the universe.
He develops and conducts experiments,
Monitors momentum and motion,
Calculates forces and distances,
And determines the causes of change.
She designs electric circuits,
Investigates magnetic fields,
Utilizes inductors and capacitors,
And reads research by other scientists.
I know an accomplished physicist,
Who examines the conversion of energy,
Solves problems about mass and charge,
And speculates future events.
By M. d’Arnaud
Magnetism and Electricity, 4, Illinois
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Roxana Cervantes, Eliana Postigo, Katie Vázquez, Sarah Wargaski—Project GLAD (January 2012)
Magnetism and Electricity
Home/School Connection #1
Find two objects that you think are magnetic and two that are nonmagnetic.
Sketch and label the objects. Bring them to class tomorrow.
Student’s Name:_______________________________________________________
Parent’s Signature:_____________________________________________________
Magnetismo y Electricidad
Conecsiones del Hogar y la Escuela #1
Busca dos objetos que piensas que son magneticos y dos que no son
magneticos. Dibujalos y nombralos. Traelos a clase manana.
Alumno:_______________________________________________________
Padre:_____________________________________________________
Magnetism and Electricity, 4, Illinois
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Roxana Cervantes, Eliana Postigo, Katie Vázquez, Sarah Wargaski—Project GLAD (January 2012)
Magnetism and Electricity
Home/School Connection #2
Ask an adult at home to give two examples of matter that they use at home or at
work. Sketch and label those examples.
Student’s Name:_______________________________________________________
Parent’s Signature:_____________________________________________________
Magnetismo y Electricidad
Conecsiones del Hogar y la Escuela #2
Preguntale a un adulto en casa que te den dos ejemplos de material.
y nombralos.
Dibujalos
Alumno:_______________________________________________________
Padre:_____________________________________________________
Magnetism and Electricity, 4, Illinois
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Roxana Cervantes, Eliana Postigo, Katie Vázquez, Sarah Wargaski—Project GLAD (January 2012)
Magnetism and Electricity
Home/School Connection #3
Tell an adult at home about the legend of Magnes. Remember to include who,
what, when, where, and why in your retelling. Sketch and write your favorite part of
the legend of Magnes.
Student’s Name:_______________________________________________________
Parent’s Signature:_____________________________________________________
Magnetismo y Electricidad
Conecsiones del Hogar y la Escuela #3
Cuentale a un adulto acerca de la leyenda de Magnes. Cuando cuentas la
leyenda incluye quien, que, cuando, donde, y por que. Dibuja y escribe tu parte
favorito de la leyenda de Magnes.
Alumno:_______________________________________________________
Padre:_____________________________________________________
Magnetism and Electricity, 4, Illinois
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Roxana Cervantes, Eliana Postigo, Katie Vázquez, Sarah Wargaski—Project GLAD (January 2012)
Expert Groups
Static Electricity
Definition
When electrical charges have built up on the surface of an object, and stay
there, static electricity is created. For example, when a balloon is rubbed against your
hair, electric charges build up on the surfaces of the balloon and your hair.
Components (parts)
All matter is made up of tiny particles. Some of these particles carry units of
electricity called electric charges. These charges can be positive (+) or negative (-).
Most matter is neutral, which means that the number of positive charges and negative
charges are equal.
Properties
Like charges repel, or push away, one another. Unlike charges attract, or pull
toward, each other. Only negative (-) charges can move from one material to another.
When charges transfer from one neutral object to another, the first object is left with a
positive (+) charge. The second one has gained negative (-) charges. Therefore, it has
a negative charge. Eventually, electrically charged objects will lose their “charge”.
These charges may simply leak away slowly into the air. When electric charges move off
of a charged object, an electric discharge takes place.
Magnetism and Electricity, 4, Illinois
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Roxana Cervantes, Eliana Postigo, Katie Vázquez, Sarah Wargaski—Project GLAD (January 2012)
Scientists and Contributions
In 1752, Benjamin Franklin conducted a famous experiment in which he attached
a metal key to a kite. Franklin flew this kite during a thunder storm and proved that
lightning is indeed static electricity. He showed that lightning occurs when there is a
positive charge (+) build up at the top of the storm clouds. Because opposite charges
attract, the negative charges from the cloud “jump” toward the closest positively
charged object creating a GIANT electrical discharge. This discovery led to Franklin’s
invention of the lightning rod. The rod is attached to the top of buildings and is
connected to the ground by heavy wires. It is through these wires that the electric
charge can safely move toward the ground.
Applications
Today, static electricity is useful in our everyday life. For example, as a form of
pollution control, an electric static precipitator is used to charge dirt particles in the air
and then collect them. People use products such as hair diffusers to dry curly hair, air
purifiers (ionizers), photocopiers and paint guns, all of which use static electricity.
Magnetism and Electricity, 4, Illinois
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Roxana Cervantes, Eliana Postigo, Katie Vázquez, Sarah Wargaski—Project GLAD (January 2012)
Expert Groups
Electric Currents
Definition
Electricity is a form of energy produced by the movement of electrons. When
there is a steady flow of electrons (negative charges) through a given path, an electric
current is created.
Components
Electric currents travel easily through various forms of matter such as water and
metal. These materials are called conductors. Metals such as gold, silver and copper are
good conductors of electricity. Materials that are poor conductors are known as
insulators. Wood, rubber, plastic, glass and cork are a few examples. Copper wires that
are used to carry electric currents are coated with rubber. This rubber serves as an
insulator. The insulator helps maintain the strength of the electric current within the
wire and it also protects us from receiving an electric shock.
Magnetism and Electricity, 4, Illinois
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Roxana Cervantes, Eliana Postigo, Katie Vázquez, Sarah Wargaski—Project GLAD (January 2012)
Properties / Scientists and Contributions
Electricity flows through Direct Current (DC) and Alternating Current (AC). In a
direct current, electricity flows continuously in one direction. Electric cells and batteries
for flashlights are examples of DC. Thomas Edison’s first power plant could only
transmit Direct Current (DC) power over one square mile. It was transmitted through
thick dangerous cables. Edison’s direct current power was not safe for homes, schools
or buildings because it produced too much voltage (amount of electricity) at once.
Nikola Tesla, a Croatian physicist,, found a solution to Edison’s problem. Tesla
discovered that an Alternating Current (AC) could transmit electricity more efficiently at
high voltages over great distances. In an Alternating Current (AC), the electricity flows
one way around a circuit and then quickly switches back around in the opposite direction
at a rate of fifty times per second. Tesla taught Edison about AC and explained that the
voltage could easily be decreased to safe levels through transformers for daily use. The
electricity in our homes and schools is AC.
Applications
Computers, video games, TVs and radios all rely on components that control,
change and manipulate electric currents. In fact, we depend on electric currents to
supply energy to just about everything we use in our daily lives.
Magnetism and Electricity, 4, Illinois
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Roxana Cervantes, Eliana Postigo, Katie Vázquez, Sarah Wargaski—Project GLAD (January 2012)
Expert Groups
Electromagnets
Definition
An electromagnet is a powerful temporary magnet that is made when an electric
current passes through a wire coiled around a piece of ferromagnetic material, often an
iron core. In an electromagnet, electricity is used to create magnetism.
Components (parts)
When an electric current moves through a wire, the wire becomes surrounded by
a magnetic field. The magnetic field of the current is comprised of concentric circles,
centered on the wire and lying in the plane perpendicular to the current. By tightly
winding the wire many times around the magnetic field becomes stronger and more
concentrated. If this is done around a cylinder, a solenoid coil with a magnetic field
similar to a bar magnet is created. When an iron core is placed inside the wire coil, the
magnetic field is strengthened, and the result is an electromagnet.
Magnetism and Electricity, 4, Illinois
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Roxana Cervantes, Eliana Postigo, Katie Vázquez, Sarah Wargaski—Project GLAD (January 2012)
Properties
An electromagnet is similar to a natural magnet is some ways. First, they both
attract materials that contain iron and certain other metals. Next, they both have north
and south poles. Electromagnets also have magnetic fields.
Electromagnets and permanent magnets differ in some ways. First, the strength
of an electromagnet can be controlled by changing the amount of current flowing
through the wire coil. Next, an electromagnet can be turned on and off. Finally, the
connections of an electromagnet to a dry cell (battery) can be switched to make the
current reverse directions.
Scientists and Contributions
Until 1819, everyone believed that magnetism and electricity were completely
separate. In 1819, Danish physicist Hans Oersted discovered that an electric current
passing through a wire caused a nearby compass needle to deflect, or move. In 1865,
James Clerk Maxwell, a Scottish physicist, showed that magnetic fields and electric fields
always exist together forming an electromagnetic field.
Applications
Electromagnets have many useful applications. Enormous, strong
electromagnets are used in recycling plants to separate cans made of steel from those
made of aluminum. Our homes are filled with items that use them. Doorbells,
telephones, VCRs and cassette players have electro-magnets. When a doorbell is
pressed, a circuit closes and the electromagnet pulls on a hammer which strikes a bell.
Electric motors rely on electromagnets as well. These motors run clocks, fans,
refrigerators, vacuum cleaners and hair dryers.
Magnetism and Electricity, 4, Illinois
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Roxana Cervantes, Eliana Postigo, Katie Vázquez, Sarah Wargaski—Project GLAD (January 2012)
Expert Groups
Electric Circuits
Definition/Properties
For electricity to be useful, it must flow through a continuous, open
path. This path along which negative electric charges can flow is called a circuit.
The flow of electrons in a circuit is similar to the water flow in a pipe. The circuit
gives the electrons a path in which to flow. Every circuit has a switch to start or break
the flow. When the switch is off, air separates the conductors breaking the path.
Therefore, no current can flow.
Components
There are two types of electric circuits. A series circuit uses one path for the
current to follow through the circuit. The holiday bulbs are an example of a series
circuit. The current runs from the battery to one bulb, then to the next bulb, and then
back to the battery. If one bulb is removed, the path is broken. No bulbs on the circuit
will light.
The parallel circuit is the other type of electric circuit. The same materials are
used, but they are connected differently. In a parallel circuit, each bulb or device is
directly connected to the battery thus providing each bulb with its own path for
electricity to flow to it. Parallel circuits are used in our schools and homes. A switch
controls the flow of electricity through the circuit. When the switch is open, the current
cannot flow. If the switch is closed, the current can flow.
Magnetism and Electricity, 4, Illinois
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Roxana Cervantes, Eliana Postigo, Katie Vázquez, Sarah Wargaski—Project GLAD (January 2012)
Scientists and Contributions
Thomas Edison is primarily responsible for the distribution of electricity to
factories, offices and homes. In 1879, while living in New Jersey, Edison worked on
perfecting the electric light. He spent two years searching for the proper filament to
provide adequate resistance. After over 7,000 attempts, he succeeded at inventing the
electric light bulb. In 1882, Edison and his colleagues had cables installed to
neighboring cities in order to distribute electricity to them.
Applications
Electric circuits have enabled us to carry out many of our everyday tasks. Our
cities, homes, businesses and schools are all supplied electricity through circuits. It is
because of these circuits that we are able to light up dark places, watch TV, play video
games and store food in our refrigerators. We have truly become a world dependant on
the inventions and discoveries of physicists!
Magnetism and Electricity, 4, Illinois
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Roxana Cervantes, Eliana Postigo, Katie Vázquez, Sarah Wargaski—Project GLAD (January 2012)
______________________
Name
Magnetism and Electricity, 4, Illinois
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Roxana Cervantes, Eliana Postigo, Katie Vázquez, Sarah Wargaski—Project GLAD (January 2012)
Process Grid
Major
Concepts
Magnets
Static
Electricity
Electric
Current
Definition
Components
Properties
An object
that
attracts, or
pulls on
certain
materials
mainly iron
and steel.
Magnetic Field:
Area around
magnet
-north and south
poles
Electrical
charges
build up on
surface of
an object.
It stays
there.
Tiny particles with
electric charge.
Positive and
negative equal:
most matter is
neutral.
Magnetic
Forces: Caused
by spinning
moving
electrons
Opposite poles
Attraction/:pull
toward.
Similar poles
Repulsion/
push away
Negative
charges move
from one
material to
another.
One object is
positively
charged, the
other is
negatively
charged.
The electrical
charge remains
for a while.
Continuous
flow of
electrons
through a
given path.
Travels through
conductors
Good conductors:
Metals
(copper,gold,
silver)
Poor conductors:
insulators:wood,
rubber, plastic,
glass,etc. Protect
from electric shock
DC: Direct
current:flows
continuously in
one direction.
AC:Alternate
current: flows
in one
directions and
switches back
in the opposite
direction.
Safer.
Scientists
and
Contributions
1600, William
Gilbert “Earth
is a giant
magnet”.
- First
Electroscope
Applications
-Benjamin
Franklin,
- metal key
to the kite.
-Lighting rod
electrostatic
precipitator
charge dirt
particles in
air to be
collected
-air purifier
charges air
with static
charge
Hair
diffusers,
photocopiers,
etc.
-Thomas
Edison
-Nikola Tesla
Computers,
TV, radios,
etc.
-magnets
-compass
-screw driver
-can opener
-Maglev train
Magnetism and Electricity, 4, Illinois
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Roxana Cervantes, Eliana Postigo, Katie Vázquez, Sarah Wargaski—Project GLAD (January 2012)
Electric
Circuits
Electromagnets
Path
around
which an
electric
current
flow.
Circuit gives
electrons a path to
flow.
Switch to open or
close the circuit for
electricity to flow in
circuit
-make a series
circuit & a
parallel circuit
lab.
Thomas
Edison:
Electric light
bulb
Powerful
temporary
magnet
made by
wrapping a
coil of wire
around a
piece of
iron
-electric current
generates a
magnetic field
-current determines
strength of magnet
-can be switched
on or off
-poles can be
changed
-magnetic fields of
parallel currents
attract each other
Electromagnets
have Magnetic
fields.
Strength can
be controlled.
Magnetic force
can be turn on
and off.
Hans Oersted
1819James Clerk
Maxwell
1865.
-switches
-overhead
projector
-car window
-holiday
lights
-wiring in
homes use
parallel
circuits
-doorbell
-earphones
-VCRs
-Electric
motors
-Electric
generators
-recycling
plants to
separate
aluminum
cans from
steel ones.
Cooperative Strip Paragraph Topic Sentence:
 Electricity and magnetism are related forces.
 Electricity and magnetism are scientific in many ways.
Magnetism and Electricity, 4, Illinois
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Roxana Cervantes, Eliana Postigo, Katie Vázquez, Sarah Wargaski—Project GLAD (January 2012)
Definition
Components
(Parts)
Properties
Scientists and
Contributions
Applications
Magnetism
Static
Electricity
Electric
Currents
Electric Circuits
Electromagnets
Magnetism and Electricity, 4, Illinois
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Roxana Cervantes, Eliana Postigo, Katie Vázquez, Sarah Wargaski—Project GLAD (January 2012)