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THE FRENCH REVOLUTION – Mr. Hargis A. FRANCE IN THE 1700s 1. In the 1700s, France was the _________________ _________________ of Europe, home to numerous ______________________ __________________, and had wealth from colonies 2. King Louis XIV was the most ______________________ _________ in Europe. After his death in 1715, Louis XV (the 25th) and Louis XVI (26th) continued to rule France as ___________________ __________________ 3. But, political and economic problems led to the _______________ _____________________ in 1789 B. THREE ESTATES: One problem was France’s _______________ _______________ ____________________ that was made up of ________________ _________________ (called _______________________) 1. First Estate—The _________________ of the Roman Catholic Church made up the First Estate. They owned ________% of land in France but _________ _______________ in taxes to the government 2. Second Estate—The Second Estate was made up of __________ ______________. They owned ________% of French land but were _______________ from paying taxes 3. Third Estate—The Third Estate made up ________% of the population and included _________ peasants but also the _____________________ __________________ __________________ (bourgeoisie). This group ____________ ________% _________ _____________ _______________ in taxes a. The members of the Third Estate ______________________(hated) ______ _________________ ______________________ the First and Second Estates received b. Members of the Third Estate gained inspiration from the ___________________-_______ ______________ of John Locke, Voltaire, and Rousseau c. After the success of the _______________________ _____________________, the Third Estate began ___________________ ________________________, equality, and liberty in France C. Social tensions were made worse by a growing _____________________ ________________ in the 1770s and 1780s 1. The French government faced __________________ __________ due to decades of _______________ __________________, _____________________ _______, and ________ __________________ ___________________. 2. By 1789, half the budget went towards ________________ on the national debt; _______% of people were __________________ 3. The __________________ ___________________ by King Louis XVI and his wife _______________ ________________________ angered French citizens 4. By 1789, France was __________ _____ __________________ and faced a serious financial crisis D. THE ESTATES-GENERAL (1789) 1. Louis XVI called an emergency meeting of the _____________-___________________ where members from ______ __________ ________________ could advise the king a. During the Estates-General, the First & Second Estates voted to __________________ ______________ on the Third Estate b. The First and Second Estates decided to vote by _____________ ( ___ _________ _____ _____________ ) rather than by head (by person) 2. These decisions angered the members of the Third Estate who believed their ____________ were being ____________________ E. THE NATIONAL ASSEMBLY (1789) 1. The Third Estate formed a new ___________________ __________________ to make laws for the French people 2. In 1789, the National Assembly swore to an___ _______ promising a new constitution and ______________________on the ______________ __________________ 3. The National Assembly wrote their revolutionary ideals in the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen which said: a. “Men are born ____________ and __________________ in rights” b. Rights include “__________________, property, security, and __________________ ____ ____________________” c. It guaranteed freedom of __________________, and freedom of __________________, and equal justice II. THE FRENCH REVOLUTION A. Meanwhile, the ______________________ _________________ continued 1. Citizens were without food and faced _______________________ 2. ________________ ________________________ in Paris demanded new reforms B. Storming of Bastille (1789) 1. When rumors circulated that the king was going to _________ ______ _________ to Paris, citizens attacked the prison _________________ to _________ _______________ to defend themselves 2. The storming of the Bastille in 1789 represented the ____________________ of the _____________ ______________________ C. In 1791, Louis XVI finally agreed to a new constitution that limited his power and created a ______________ ___________________ 1. But, Louis XVI _________________ to ____________ ____________ the National Assembly and France’s problems continued 2. Fearing the spread of France’s revolutionary ideas, ______________ and ______________ (nations with monarchs) assembled armies to ______________ _____________ _______________ __________________ D. THE NATIONAL CONVENTION (1792) 1. In 1792, _______________ ___________ ________________ of France and made important decisions: a. The ______________ ______________ _______ against Austria and Prussia and 300,000 French soldiers were _________________ into a national army in order to defend France b. The French ______________ _____ ________________ and a democratic republic was created called the National Convention 2. In 1793, King Louis XVI was arrested, convicted of ________________, and _______________________ by __________________ E. THE REIGN OF TERROR (1793-1794) 1. The radical leaders of the National Convention feared that “____________________ ____ _____ _____________________” would try to ___________________ ____ ____ _________________ 2. In 1793, radical ___________________ ______________________slowly gained control of the National Convention 3. From 1793 to 1794, Robespierre __________________ ___________ “_________________” during an era known as the ___________ ____ ______________ 4. Not everyone Robespierre was a traitor. The Reign of Terror ended when French citizens __________ ____ __________________ and __________________ him F. The revolution came to an end in 1795, but France was in ____________ 1. The economic crisis had not been solved and people faced ____________________ 2. _________________, ________________, and __________________ joined Austria and Prussia in the ____________________ _____________________ ______ against France 3. The National Convention was replaced by France’s __________ ____________________ ___ ________ years called the Directory 4. The Directory proved to be _________________ and ______________ G. RISE OF NAPOLEON (1799-1815) 1. In 1799, a French military general named _________________ ___________________ led a coup d'état and _______________ _________________ in France 2. Napoleon introduced needed _____________, defeated foreign armies, and ______________________ a massive French empire GUILLOTINE: created by a medical physician named Dr. Guillotine as a “less painful and cruel” form of execution