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THE FRENCH REVOLUTION – Mr. Hargis
A. FRANCE IN THE 1700s
1. In the 1700s, France was the _________________ _________________ of Europe, home to numerous ______________________
__________________, and had wealth from colonies
2. King Louis XIV was the most ______________________ _________ in Europe. After his death in 1715, Louis XV (the 25th) and
Louis XVI (26th) continued to rule France as ___________________ __________________
3. But, political and economic problems led to the _______________ _____________________ in 1789
B. THREE ESTATES: One problem was France’s _______________ _______________ ____________________ that was made up of
________________ _________________ (called _______________________)
1. First Estate—The _________________ of the Roman Catholic Church made up the First Estate. They owned ________% of land in
France but _________ _______________ in taxes to the government
2. Second Estate—The Second Estate was made up of __________ ______________. They owned ________% of French land but
were _______________ from paying taxes
3. Third Estate—The Third Estate made up ________% of the population and included _________ peasants but also the _____________________ __________________ __________________ (bourgeoisie). This group ____________ ________% _________
_____________ _______________ in taxes
a. The members of the Third Estate ______________________(hated) ______ _________________ ______________________
the First and Second Estates received
b. Members of the Third Estate gained inspiration from the ___________________-_______ ______________ of John Locke,
Voltaire, and Rousseau
c. After the success of the _______________________ _____________________, the Third Estate began ___________________
________________________, equality, and liberty in France
C. Social tensions were made worse by a growing _____________________ ________________ in the 1770s and 1780s
1. The French government faced __________________ __________ due to decades of _______________ __________________,
_____________________ _______, and ________ __________________ ___________________.
2. By 1789, half the budget went towards ________________ on the national debt; _______% of people were __________________
3. The __________________ ___________________ by King Louis XVI and his wife _______________ ________________________
angered French citizens
4. By 1789, France was __________ _____ __________________ and faced a serious financial crisis
D. THE ESTATES-GENERAL (1789)
1. Louis XVI called an emergency meeting of the _____________-___________________ where members from ______ __________
________________ could advise the king
a. During the Estates-General, the First & Second Estates voted to __________________ ______________ on the Third Estate
b. The First and Second Estates decided to vote by _____________ ( ___ _________ _____ _____________ ) rather than by head
(by person)
2. These decisions angered the members of the Third Estate who believed their ____________ were being ____________________
E. THE NATIONAL ASSEMBLY (1789)
1. The Third Estate formed a new ___________________ __________________ to make laws for the French people
2. In 1789, the National Assembly swore to an___ _______ promising a new constitution and ______________________on the
______________ __________________
3. The National Assembly wrote their revolutionary ideals in the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen which said:
a. “Men are born ____________ and __________________ in rights”
b. Rights include “__________________, property, security, and __________________ ____ ____________________”
c. It guaranteed freedom of __________________, and freedom of __________________, and equal justice
II. THE FRENCH REVOLUTION
A. Meanwhile, the ______________________ _________________ continued
1. Citizens were without food and faced _______________________
2. ________________ ________________________ in Paris demanded new reforms
B. Storming of Bastille (1789)
1. When rumors circulated that the king was going to _________ ______ _________ to Paris, citizens attacked the prison
_________________ to _________ _______________ to defend themselves
2. The storming of the Bastille in 1789 represented the ____________________ of the _____________ ______________________
C. In 1791, Louis XVI finally agreed to a new constitution that limited his power and created a ______________ ___________________
1. But, Louis XVI _________________ to ____________ ____________ the National Assembly and France’s problems continued
2. Fearing the spread of France’s revolutionary ideas, ______________ and ______________ (nations with monarchs) assembled
armies to ______________ _____________ _______________ __________________
D. THE NATIONAL CONVENTION (1792)
1. In 1792, _______________ ___________ ________________ of France and made important decisions:
a. The ______________ ______________ _______ against Austria and Prussia and 300,000 French soldiers were
_________________ into a national army in order to defend France
b. The French ______________ _____ ________________ and a democratic republic was created called the National Convention
2. In 1793, King Louis XVI was arrested, convicted of ________________, and _______________________ by __________________
E. THE REIGN OF TERROR (1793-1794)
1. The radical leaders of the National Convention feared that “____________________ ____ _____ _____________________”
would try to ___________________ ____ ____ _________________
2. In 1793, radical ___________________ ______________________slowly gained control of the National Convention
3. From 1793 to 1794, Robespierre __________________ ___________ “_________________” during an era known as the
___________ ____ ______________
4. Not everyone Robespierre was a traitor. The Reign of Terror ended when French citizens __________ ____ __________________
and __________________ him
F. The revolution came to an end in 1795, but France was in ____________
1. The economic crisis had not been solved and people faced ____________________
2. _________________, ________________, and __________________ joined Austria and Prussia in the ____________________
_____________________ ______ against France
3. The National Convention was replaced by France’s __________ ____________________ ___ ________ years called the Directory
4. The Directory proved to be _________________ and ______________
G. RISE OF NAPOLEON (1799-1815)
1. In 1799, a French military general named _________________ ___________________ led a coup d'état and _______________
_________________ in France
2. Napoleon introduced needed _____________, defeated foreign armies, and ______________________ a massive French empire
GUILLOTINE: created by a medical physician named Dr. Guillotine as a “less painful and cruel” form of execution