Download Quiz 2 Fall 2007 Handout Page

GEOL 100 – Fall 2007
Dr. Erik Bender
Quiz #2
This quiz covers chapters 4 and 5 in your text and is due on a scantron, to me or in my mailbox, by
Friday, September 21, 2007 at 11 pm. No exceptions !
1. Fragments of unmelted rocks that are sometimes incorporated in magma are known as _______.
a. iron meteorites
b. kimberlites
c. xenoliths
d. volcanic bombs
e. tsunamis
2. Diamonds are incorporated in rocks called _______ that come deep from within the Earth.
a. seismic gaps
b. xenoliths
c. tsunamis
d. meteorites
e. kimberlites
3. The _______ is the part of the Earth's interior where rocks start to melt.
a. asthenosphere
b. outer core
c. crust
d. inner core
e. lithosphere
4. The boundary that separates the crust from the mantle is known as the _______ Discontinuity.
a. Mercalli
b. Oldham
c. Richter
d. Mohorovicic
e. Wegener
5. The _______ is the Earth's rocky, outermost layer.
a. lithosphere
b. asthenosphere
c. mesosphere
d. Moho
e. atmosphere
6. In the figure below, what layer of the Earth is the thickest?
a. lithosphere
b. crust
c. mantle
d. outer core
e. inner core
7. In the figure below, what is the approximate depth of the asthenosphere?
a. 150km
b. 50km
c. 100km
d. 200km
e. 1000km
8. In the figure below, what is the approximate speed of S-waves at the 670km discontinuity?
a. 4km/sec
b. 10km/sec
c. 2km/sec
d. 6km/sec
e. 8km/sec
9. The Earth's density as a whole is approximately 2.8 g/cm3.
a. True
b. False
10. The core causes a huge decrease in the speed of P-waves.
a. False
b. True
11. The deepest hole ever drilled in the planet is located in South Africa.
a. False
b. True
12. The crust below the oceans averages a thickness of 8km.
a. True
b. False
13. The area from the base of the asthenosphere to the mantle-core boundary is known as the
lithosphere.
a. True
b. False
14. P-waves travel by compression-expansion.
a. True
b. False
15. The outer core starts at a depth of approximately 3500km.
a. False
b. True
16. The mantle makes up roughly 80% of the Earth's volume.
a. True
b. False
17. Primary waves can travel approximately 6km/sec, or 14,000mph.
a. False
b. True
18. The S-wave shadow zone is an area of the planet that does not receive any S-waves, usually
opposite the origin of the earthquake.
a. True
b. False
19. Most diamonds are transported to the surface in kimberlite pipes from the outer core.
a. True
b. False
20. Iron meteorites, stony-iron meteorites, and stony meteorites have roughly the same
composition as our planet.
a. False
b. True
21. When olivine is squeezed to pressures equal to that at depths of several hundred kilometers,
polymorphs of olivine form.
a. True
b. False
22. The crust is thicker under the oceans than it is under the continents.
a. False
b. True
23. The idea proposed by Alfred Wegener to explain the continental shapes and positions is known
as _____.
a. sea floor spreading
b. Pangaea
c. continental drift
d. plate tectonics
e. rift valley
24. In the diagram below, which two are the best examples of different continental positions in the
past?
a. North America – Africa
b. North America – South America
c. South America – Africa
d. South America – Asia
e. Europe – North America
25.According to Wegener's model, what evidence did glaciers leave for the existence of Pangaea?
a. ice
b. glacial lakes
c. fossils
d. soil deposits
e. striations
26.What was the name of the floral fossils Wegener used for the idea of continental drift?
a. trilobites
b. oak
c. Pseudoschwagerina
d. Mesosaurs
e. Glossopteris
27.In the figure below, what is the approximate age of the sea floor off the north coast of Spain?
a. 9.6 – 33.0 million years
b. older than 141.9 million years
c. younger than 9.6 million years
d. 33.0 – 83.0 million years
e. 83.0 – 141.9 million years
28.Which of the following terms best describes the rocky outer layer of the Earth?
a. athenosphere
b. biosphere
c. lithosphere
d. hydrosphere
e. atmosphere
29.What is the depth of the newly forming Hawaiian island, Loihi?
a. it is at the surface
b. about 1000m
c. about 2000m
d. about 4000m
e. about 3000m
30.According to the figure below, which of the following types of plate boundaries produce the
deepest earthquakes?
a. transform fault boundary
b. all the same
c. divergent boundary
d. continental collision boundary
e. subduction zone boundary
31.According to the figure below, which of the following types of plate boundaries produce the
shallowest earthquakes?
a. subduction zone boundary
b. all the same
c. transform fault boundary
d. continental collision boundary
e. divergent boundary
32.What term best describes the driving force behind plate tectonics?
a. divergence
b. convection
c. transformation
d. expansion
e. convergence
33.In the figure below, how many magnetic reversals occurred between 2.0 and 1.5 million years
ago?
a. 3
b. 4
c. 0
d. 2
e. 1
34.In the figure below, how many magnetic reversals occurred between 1.5 million years and
present?
a. 0
b. 1
c. 4
d. 2
e. 3
35.Which of the following locations is the best example of oceanic crust colliding with oceanic crust?
a. Himalayas
b. Iceland
c. Aleutian Islands
d. Hawaii
e. Java
36.According to the diagram below, which of the following plates is all oceanic crust?
a. Eurasian
b. North America
c. South America
d. Africa
e. Nasca
37.According to the diagram below, which of the following is the largest plate?
a. Eurasian
b. Nasca
c. Pacific
d. Africa
e. South America
38. The plates 'floating' on the asthenosphere is a condition called _____, which is similar to wood
floating on water.
a. sea floor spreading
b. convergence
c. isostasy
d. polarity
e. conduction
39.The phenomenon of the Earth's magnetic pole being in different locations in the past is known as
_______.
a. apparent polar wandering
b. reverse polarity
c. convection
d. sea floor spreading
e. normal polarity
40.According to the figure below, most of eastern Brazil is approximately how old?
a. older than 500 million years
b. about 550 million years
c. younger than 550 million years
d. older than 1 billion
e. none of the above
41.According to the figure below, the island of Molokai was probably over the hot spot
approximately how many million years ago?
a. 3.2
b. 0.8
c. 2.9
d. 1.0
e. 1.30
42.Pangaea is the name of the supercontinent proposed by Harry Hess.
a. True
b. False
43.The Hawaiian Islands are a result of the Pacific Plate passing over a hot spot.
a. False
b. True
44.South America and Africa are the example that Wegener used for continental fit.
a. True
b. False
45.As rocks cool, they become denser and sink.
a. False
b. True
46.Paleomagnetic data provides evidence for the geographic position of continents in the past.
a. False
b. True
47.The Andes Mountains are a good example of oceanic–oceanic collision.
a. True
b. False
48.The area of the Earth's interior where rocks start to melt is known as the asthenosphere.
a. True
b. False
49.Rocks closer to the spreading centers in the oceans are older than the rocks farther away from
the spreading center.
a. False
b. True
50.Global positioning systems (GPS) are a reliable way to measure plate movements.
a. True
b. False
51.The Himalayas are a good example of oceanic–continental collision.
a. True
b. False
52.The Red Sea and East Africa are good examples of divergent plate boundaries.
a. True
b. False
53.Obduction is the process where one plate slides under another.
a. False
b. True
54.Wegener used glacial striations to help build the theory of plate tectonincs.
a. True
b. False
55.The Mid-Ocean Ridge is the deepest part of the Atlantic Ocean.
a. True
b. False
56.In the northern part of Pangaea, mountain ranges tend to match up in North America and
Europe.
a. True
b. False
57.The magnetic stripes on the opposite sides of the central rift valley are mirror images, therefore
good for age dating.
a. True
b. False
58.“Black smokers” are chimneys on the sea floor that release superheated gases.
a. False
b. True
59.According to Wegener's work, Glossopteris thrived in a warm environment.
a. False
b. True
60.Theories are able to be proved with scientific evidence.
a. False
b. True