Download Biology Study Guide 2nd Semester Exam

Biology Study Guide 2nd Semester Exam
Chapters 19-22, 26-28, 30-32
1. Be able to recognize the three shapes of bacteria.
2. How are prokaryotic bacteria identified / classified?
3. Bacteria are sometimes called nature’s recyclers because they _______________ nutrients in
dead matter.
4. Bacteria that break down nutrients in dead matter into simpler substances that are taken up by
plant roots are called _______________.
5. All viruses are made of proteins and ______________________________.
6. The population of small, photosynthetic organisms found near the surface of the ocean is called
______________________________.
7. All fungi _______________ their food.
8. A mushroom is a fungal _______________ _______________.
9. Fungi that absorb food from decaying organic matter are called _______________.
10. A plant is a _______________ cellular, _______________ karyote.
11. Seed-bearing plants differ from all other plants in that their gametes
______________________________ for fertilization to occur.
12. The gametophytes of gymnosperms live inside reproductive structures called
_______________.
13. The 4 groups of gymnosperms are: _______________, _______________, _______________,
& _______________.
14. Angiosperms produce seeds inside protective structures called ________________________.
15. The # of seed leaves distinguishes _______________ classes of _______________.
16. List the differences between monocots & dicots.
17. Pollen grains are produced by _______________ reproductive structures.
18. In angiosperms, reproduction takes place in _______________.
19. In an angiosperm, pollen grains are produced in the _______________. (Chapter 24)
20. Unlike plant cells, animal cells do not have ______________________________.
21. What is the difference between a eukaryotic cell and a prokaryotic cell?
22. List the major characteristics of animals.
23. Only 5 % of all animals have ______________________________.
24. Many small aquatic organisms move oxygen & carbon dioxide through their skin by the
process of _______________.
25. When an animal’s environment changes, sexual reproduction improves a species’ ability to
_______________. (Change with time)
26. An animal that has distinct right & left sides show _______________ symmetry.
27. Organisms that spend their entire lives attached to one spot are said to be _______________.
28. Many sponges protect themselves from predators by producing _______________.
29. Cnidocytes help a cnidarian survive by _______________ prey.
30. Which animals are the simplest animals to have body symmetry?
31. What two functions do nematocysts perform?
32. Food enters a flatworm’s body cavity through a muscular tube called a(n) _______________.
33. Some flatworms have clusters of nerve cells that control the nervous system. Each cluster is
called a(n) _______________.
34. How many openings does the digestive system of a roundworm have?
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
51.
52.
53.
54.
55.
56.
57.
58.
59.
60.
61.
62.
63.
64.
65.
66.
67.
In earthworms, food is ground into small pieces in the _______________.
The body of a(n) _______________ has segments.
The thin layer of tissue that covers a mollusk’s body is called the _______________.
The spade-shaped burrowing structure of one group of mollusks & the tentacles of another
group are both modifications of the _______________.
What does molting enable arthropods to do?
Arthropods are classified based on the # and structure of their _______________ &
_______________.
The easiest way to tell whether an arthropod is an insect of a spider is to _______________.
The respiratory organ in terrestrial chelicerates is the _______________.
List the body sections of an insect.
In an echinoderm, the structure that operates like a living suction cup is the _______________.
In chordates, the long supporting rod that runs through the whole body is called the
_______________.
A vertebrate is a chordate that has a _______________.
Most fishes are characterized by three characteristics… List them.
In most fishes the structures that are moist important for obtaining oxygen from water are the
_______________.
The organ that adjusts the buoyancy of many bony fishes is the _______________.
Most amphibians exist as _______________ larvae that breathe with _______________ and as
_______________ adults that breathe with _______________.
In a frog, the cavity through which digestive wastes, urine, eggs or sperm leave the body is the
_______________.
What is the function of a frog’s tympanic membrane?
In what way is the body plan of a snake different from that of a typical reptile?
How do snakes locate their prey?
What is the difference between a reptile egg and an amphibian egg?
What is an endotherm?
The largest order of birds consists of ______________________________.
How can you look at a bird’s beak and tell what it eats? List examples.
What characterizes mammals (List at least 3 characteristics).
To determine whether a vertebrate is a bird of a mammal, it would be useful to know if it has
_______________.
What organ is used to feed newborn mammals?
Describe the mammalian circulatory system.
_______________ are egg-laying mammals.
What is a marsupium?
What is the function of the placenta?
Primates have opposable _______________, _______________ vision, & a well developed
_______________.
What is meant by bipedal locomotion?