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BSC 197 Summer 2012 Study Guide for Exam 3 Note: The test will be written in such a way that someone with perfect memorization of keywords would get a middle B. There will be questions that will test if you understand the relationships between ideas and if you can use the memorized information to form ideas of your own. I use the word understand rather than just know for that reason. Part 1 Mitosis and cell cycle You should know and understand: The phases of the cell cycle and what is happening in each phase How cell cycle is controlled The phases of mitosis and what is happening in each The mechanism of chromosomal separation How cell cycle control and cancer are related Chromosome structure and major features Part 2 Meiosis You should know and understand: The relationship between diploid and haploid cells during gamete formation and fertilization The phases of meiosis and what is happening in each The similarities and differences between meiosis and mitosis What is crossing over and when does it occur How independent assortment, recombination, and random fertilization produce increase variation. Part 3 Medel and Transmission genetics You should know and understand: The basic type of experiment that Mendel used The major principles that Mendel’s work supports Dominant/recessive traits The meaning of genotype and phenotype How to calculate the number of possible gametes from a parent How to calculate the frequency or ratio of possible gametes How to calculate the number of possible genotypes and phenotypes resulting from a cross How to calculate the frequency or ratio of possible genotypes and phenotypes resulting from a cross Monohybrid, dihybrid, F1, F2, and test cross The conditions under which Mendel’s rules don’t operate accurately Variants of dominance How traits encoded by multiple genes are often expressed as a normal distribution Epistasis What is meant by the term “carrier” with respect to genetic diseases. Part 4 Chromosomal basis of inheritance You should know and understand: Morgan’s work and how it showed genes were located on chromosomes How linkage affects inheritance patterns Sex-linked inheritance patterns Gender determination in animals X-inactivation and how it results in mosaicism Aneuploidy and some specific examples in humans How non-disjunction in meiosis affects gamete content and aneuploidy Polyploidy Major chromosomal modification events Part 5 Replication and repair You should know and understand: The difference between semi-conservative, conservative, and dispersive models of DNA replication How the structure of DNA lends to its own replication The molecular mechanism of DNA replication including: The proteins involved and what each does The difference between leading and lagging strand synthesis The two main enzymatic properties of DNA polymerase What are origins of replication Proofreading for errors DNA repair mechanisms