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The MacRobertson Girls’ High School
VCE Biology – Unit 1
Name __________________
Exam Preparation 2012
Short Answer Questions Some Additional questions
1. Describe the processes of simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, osmosis and active transport AND provide 1 example
of each.
2. Draw the cell membrane and show how molecules pass across the membrane.
3. Explain the difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration. Include products and number of molecules of ATP
produced in each case.
4. State the chemical equations for photosynthesis and respiration BOTH in words and chemical symbols.
5. Outline what water is needed for in plants and in animals?
6. List the nutrients needed by humans.
7. What is the function of enzymes AND relate structure to function.
8. How would you expect the alimentary canal of a dog and a koala to differ from that of a human? Why?
9. List the enzymes of the human digestive system and outline their function, location of production AND location of
action.
10. What foods do you consume that do not require digestion?
11. Explain the following:
a. Villi are an advantage in digestion
b. The stomach has a sphincter at each opening
c.
There are no amylases in the stomach
d. You can swallow while standing on your head
e. The concentration of glucose in the small intestine is lower than in the capillaries of the villi
f.
The stomach has both mechanical and chemical digestion
g. Fibre is needed in the diet
12. Describe the digestion of fried chips by a human.
13. Describe the differences between ventilation (inhalation and exhalation), gaseous exchange and cellular respiration.
14. At what times of the day would you expect the stomata of a plant to open and close
15. Sketch a stoma and explain how the guard cells function.
16. Explain why lettuce leaves wilt after the lettuce is picked
17. Sketch and label a cross-section of a leaf AND relate structure to function.
18. Outline the features of alveoli that assist in diffusion of gases.
19. Ringbarking destroys phloem. What effect does this have on plants?
20. Describe AND contrast translocation and transpiration.
21. Make a table comparing Xylem and Phloem in terms of



The structure of the cells
The properties of the cells
The substances that are transported
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
The directions in which they are transported
22. Make a table listing how flowering plants and mammals:


Obtain nutrients they require
Store carbohydrates, protein and lipids
23. Draw a diagram showing the path of a water molecule from the soil though the plant.
24. Describe the structure AND related function of arteries, veins and capillaries.
25. List and describe the 4 components of blood. What is the function of each?
26. Draw a diagram of the heart showing the chambers, vessels and valves. Indicate the direction of blood flow.
27. Structurally how does the left ventricle of the heart compare with the right ventricle of the heart.
28. Veins have one-way valves. Why is this?
29. Explain why your feet might swell when you are sitting still on a long plane flight. Why does exercise help with this
problem.
30. Define excretion and metabolic waste.
31. Name and describe all the vessels and chambers of the heart that a red blood cell passes through from the time it
picks up oxygen in an alveolus, passing into the right forefinger where it releases oxygen and picks up CO 2 which it
then releases in an alveolus.
32. A cheese sandwich contains fibre, fat, protein, carbohydrate (sucrose and starch) and water. What are the listed
components broken into? Describe the passage of the cheese sandwich as it moves through the digestive tract.
33. Describe how the random movement of molecules results in an even distribution of molecules throughout a system?
34. Define the terms hypotonic, hypertonic and isotonic and explain what would happen to a cell if it were placed in each
of these solutions.
35. In simple terms, describe what is meant by the terms turgid, plasmolysis and flaccid.
36. For the organelles listed below draw up a table to: describe its structure; give a major function; indicate whether it is
surrounded by a single membrane, a double membrane or no membrane; and state whether it is found in plant,
animal or bacterial cells: nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, ribosome, chloroplast, mitochondria.
37. Explain the importance of membranes and compartmentalization to cells.
38. Explain why cells are microscopic, i.e. less than 100 micrometers in diameter.
39. Describe the similarities in structure of mitochondria and chloroplasts. How are these similarities related to the
functions of theses organelles?
40. List four differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Which of these were the first cells on earth.
41. Outline the similarities and differences of plant and animal cells.
42. Explain how there can be 46 chromosomes in a human cell at metaphase and also 46 chromosomes in each
daughter cell?
43. Describe the events in each of the following phases of the cell cycle; G 1, S, G2, and M.
44. Explain the difference between a chromatid and a chromosome; use a diagram with your explanation.
45. Explain how does mitosis ensures that each daughter cell has the same genetic makeup as the parent cell?
46. List the parts of the compound light microscope and their functions.
47. Microscope Calculations: be familiar with the terms total magnification, field of view, actual size, scale
48. What is the difference between mono/di/polysaccharides? Give examples.
49. List the building blocks for: a) glycogen b) cellulose c) proteins d) phospholipids e) DNA.
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50. State which macronutrient is used for: a) primary energy source b) long-term energy storage c) genetic material d) cell
membrane components
Extended Answer Questions
Produce annotated flowcharts that connect and explain the following lists:
Gas exchange in plants
Leaf
Epidermis
Guard cells
Photosynthesis
Pore
Stomata
CO2 and O2
Mesophyll cells
Respiratory systems in land animals
Tracheae
Respiratory system
Bronchi
Alveoli
Mammals
Nose
Bronchioles
Trachea
Transport of Oxygen
Oxygen in the alveoli
Capillaries
Red blood cells
Haemoglobin
Oxyhaemoglobin
Active tissues
CO2 produced by respiration
Haemoglobin
Carbaminohaemoglobin
Dissolves in the blood
Bicarbonate ions
Transport of Carbon dioxide
Ureter
Photosynthesis and Respiration
Plants (autotrophs)
Photosynthesis
Heterotrophs
Respiration
Chlorophyll, light, CO2, water
Organic compounds
Aerobic respiration
Anaerobic respiration
ATP
Mitochondria
Energy and CO2
Fermentation
Lactic acid
Ethanol
Glycolysis
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