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Greek Test Study Guide Ch. 8
Vocabulary words:
Word
1.Sophocles
Definition
Dramatist who used scenery and several actors in his plays
2. Macedonia
Country to the north of Greece
3. Sophists
Taught that there was no absolute right and wrong. What is right
for some might be wrong for others and vice versa.
A traditional story about gods and heroes
4. myth
5. Hellenistic Era
6.Olympus
7. Alexander
8. Pythagoras
9. Stoics
10. Thucydides
A time when Greek culture spread throughout the non-Greek
world
Highest mountain in Greece, where the Olympic Gods are to have
lived
A powerful Greek leader who became king at 20 and was an army
commander at 16
Taught that the universe followed the same rules and patterns as
music and numbers
Taught that happiness comes from reason and doing one’s duty
Considered to be one of the greatest historians of the ancient
world
Religion
11. Know which Olympians were children of Kronos & which were Zeus’ children
Kronos: Zeus, Hera, Hades, Poseidon, Hestia, Demeter
Zeus: Artemis, Apollo, Hermes, Athena, Ares, Aphrodite
12. Describe the beliefs the Greeks had about their gods.
They believed their gods were imperfect and took on the same character flaws as humans.
13. Explain what the Greek believed about the afterlife.
They believed they went to the gloomy world of Hades.
14. Explain why the Greeks performed rituals.
They tried to influence the gods’ decisions.
Achievements
Know the contributions of the following people
15. Archimedes: Greek scientist who focused on solid geometry. He was an inventory
had a famous quote, “ Give me a lever and a place to stand on and I will move the earth.”
16. Socrates
Greek philosopher who disagreed with the Sophists and thought that there was a true
right and wrong. Created the Socratic method of teaching.
17. Aristotle
A student of Plato had his own school called the Lyceum. He wrote over 200 books.
Taught the importance of the “golden mean” a person should do nothing in excess.
Thought that ordinary citizens should take part in the government.
18. Aesop
Was a Greek slave who wrote fables that had strong morals. Was eventually freed from
slavery.
19. Euripides
A Greek writer who wrote plays that included topics and characters beyond those of the
gods and goddesses. His plays focused on real life situations and tried to show the
cruelty of war.
20. Plato
Greek Philosopher and student of Socrates. He had a school called the Academy and
wrote a famous book called The Republic. He thought that philosopher-kings should rule
the government.
21. Describe the type of plays the Greeks performed.
Greeks performed tragedies, comedies, and plays about real life.
22. Describe how Greek culture influenced American culture.
American culture has borrowed ideas from the Greeks in the following areas: drama,
literature, mythology, science, mathematics, vocabulary, architecture, fashion, and
politics
Politics
Know the contributions of the following individuals:
23. Alexander the Great
Conquered Persian territory. Increased the size of Greece’s territory so that is
reached North Africa, parts of Europe, and Central Asia.
24. Phillip II
Wanted to defeat the Persians and take over their territory. Forced, bribed, and invited
Greek city-states to join him in his fight against the Persians. He was Alexander the
Great’s father.