Download brain anatomy function cheat sheet

BRAIN ANATOMY FUNCTION CHEAT SHEET
System or Part
Brainstem
Spinal Cord
Medulla
Reticular Formation
Thalamus
Cerebellum
The Limbic System
Hippocampus
Amygdala
Hypothalamus
Responsible for automatic survival reflexes
Controls simple reflexes
Controls/regulates heartbeat and breathing
Helps control arousal, responds to change in monotony
Relays sensory information, switchboard between sensory
neurons and higher brain regions
Influences memory and learning coordinates voluntary
movement and balance
Links emotion (fear/anger), basic motives (food and sex)
Memory (remembering and learning)
Emotion (aggression) rage, fear
Regulates thirst, hunger, body temperature, sexual behavior
(hormone release). Controls/regulates maintenance reflexes
(eating), Homeostasis linked to emotion.
Pituitary Gland
Master Gland. Influences hormone release
Cerebral Cortex
Learning and thinking. Enabling adaptability.
Assoc. Areas
Integrates higher order thinking
Frontal Lobe
Speaking, muscle movement. Making plans, judgment,
decision-making and attention.
Critical role with how brain processes brain.
Moves body parts: sends messages out to body, controls
body movement
Produces speech thru control of motor cortex: in left frontal
lobe
Auditory
Hears and processes sound
Processes speech, sound from outside large comp.
Auditory code and understanding
Visual area- receives visual cues from opposite visual field
Visual area
Reads words-Reads allowed
Sensory cortex math and spatial reasoning.
Incoming messages from skin, movement of body/tactile
Prefrontal Cortex
Motor Cortex
Broca’s Area
Temporal Lobe
Auditory Cortex
Wernicke’s Area
Occipital Lobe
Visual Cortex
Angular Gyrus
Parietal Lobe
Sensory Cortex
Corpus Callosum
Right Hemisphere
Left Hemisphere
Misc.
Function
Axon fibers connects 2 hemispheres
Visual spatial processes emotion expression and intuitive:
music
Verbal, language, processes information sequentially;
interprets actions logic
Pathway to neural fibers
To and from brain
Deals with sight, hearing, touch, taste. Transmits replies
from higher brain to cerebellum and medullam
Little brain-extends from rear of brainstem
Kluecer& Bucy Lesion monkey brain
Helps govern endocrines.
Monitors glands.
Controls hunger.
Linked to emotion and reward- Oldst minor (pleasure
center)
Part of endocrine system (no brain) controlled by
hypothalamus
Information processing center
Interprets and acts on information processes by sensory
areas
Ultimate control information process center. Interprets and
acts on information processes by sensory areas
Behind forehead and controls motor cortex
Damage disrupts speaking. Can sing and comprehend
speech.
Above ear
Left hemisphere
Damage disrupts language comprehension
Back of head- above cerebellum contains visual cortex
Damage: can’t speak, can’t read
Top and rear of cerebral cortex
Behind and parallel to motor cortex. Modulates speech
and clarity
Sperry & Gazaniga split brain experiments
Spatial ability, perceptual tasks, patterns and multi tasks
Supports to make whole.
Processes verbal language.
Read/ write, math.
There’s Nothin’ on Here insignificant!!!
Big Picture
CNS
PNS
Somatic NS
Autonomic NS
Sympathetic NS
Parasympathetic NS
Breaking it down
Medulla
Pons
Cerebellum
Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Pituitary Gland
Amygdala
Hippocampus
THE LOBES
Occipital lobe
Parietal lobe
Temporal lobe
Frontal lobe
Corpus Callosum
Left side of brain
Right side of brain
Roger Sperry
NEURONS
Dendrites
Cell body
Axon
Mylein sheath
Synaptic cleft
Plasticity
Action potential
Function
Central Nervous System – brain and spinal cord
Peripheral Nervous System – any neurons that extend past CNS
The muscles and functions you can control
Regulates glands, blood vessels and flow, internal organs
Prepares the body for stress; builds energy/adrenaline
Helps to bring the body back to a normal state
BRAIN FUNCTIONS
Regulates breathing and heart rate – hanging a person works b/c (if done correctly) it breaks this in half
Involved in sleeping, waking and dreaming
The “lesser brain” coordinates balance and coordination
Relays all sensory information to specific perception areas of the brain, with the exception of smell
Part of the “old brain” – it controls survival elements such as hunger, thirst, emotion, sex drive and reproduction. Works in
conjunction with the pituitary gland.
Secretes hormones as “directed” by the hypothalamus to regulate the body during a “primal” function
Instantaneously evaluates sensory information from the thalamus and determines its emotional importance – helps to decide if
something needs to be addressed immediately; the “fight or flight” brain section (PART OF THE LIMBIC SYSTEM)
The gateway to all memory functions; also works with the reticular activating system to relate sensory input to what the brain
already “knows” about it (PART OF THE LIMBIC SYSTEM)
Lower back of the brain; contains the visual cortex
Top of the brain; contains the somatosensory cortex, which receives all info about pressure, pain, heat, etc., from the body.
Sides of the brain; involved in memory storage, perception and emotion; contains the auditory cortex as well as Wernicke’s area,
which processes language comprehension.
Front of the brain (duh) and contains the motor cortex, which controls over 600 muscles all over the body. Also contains Broca’s
area, which allows us to know how to speak. It also helps us think creatively and think rationally; dopamine that is supposed to
reach this lobe is shut off during schizophrenia, making it impossible for the victim to tell what is real and what is hallucinatory.
Serves as the network between the left/right sides of the brain.
Rational and analytical thought
Intuitive, creative, holistic thought
Most well known split-brain psychologist; worked with cats and severed their corpus callosum to see what would happen
Information receptors
Determines how/when a neuron is supposed to fire and emit a signal
The “tail” of the neuron; sends info away from the cell body
Made up of several glial cells, insulates the axon to make sure no random signals get in and no signals slip out
The areas between the synaptic end bulbs and dendrites of another neuron where neurotransmitters are released and taken.
The brain’s ability to recover from brain/nerve damage by possibly creating new pathways for previous messages
This allows messages to flow from neuron to neuron as an electrical charge is created when positively charged sodium ions flow
into a neuron and flows out as positively charged potassium charges.
NEUROTRANSMITTERS
Acetylcholine
Dopamine
Serotonin
GABA
Norepinephrine
Epinephrine
Dopamine
GABA
Affects cognition, muscle movement, memory and emotion
Affects voluntary movement, learning, memory, emotion – the neurotransmitter that is overactive during SCHIZOPHRENIA; can
be replicated by certain psychoactive drugs like THC (marijuana); also in low amounts for Parkinson’s victims
Affects appetite, perception, temperature regulation, pain suppression and mood – the neurotransmitter that is inhibited during
DEPRESSION; increased by stimulants
An inhibitor; it is unable to reuptake into neurons when depressants such as alcohol are present in the blood system
Increases heart rate, involved in dreaming, sleeping and emtion
Secreted by the endocrine system; basically, it is adrenaline
Affects voluntary movement, learning, memory, emotion – the neurotransmitter that is overactive during SCHIZOPHRENIA; can
be replicated by certain psychoactive drugs like THC (marijuana); also in low amounts for Parkinson’s victims
An inhibitor; it is unable to reuptake into neurons when depressants such as alcohol are present in the blood system