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CHAPTER 19
METHODS OF THERAPY
I. WHAT IS THERAPY?
A. Psychotherapy - psychology-based therapy
which involves verbal interactions between a
trained pro and a client. 4 common types pg 437
1.Psychoanalysis
2.Humanistic
3.Cognitive
4.Behavior
B. Professionals
1.Counseling Psychologist
2.Clinical Psychologist
3.Psychiatrist
4.Psychiatric Social Worker
5.Psychiatric Nurse
C. Group Therapy
1.Advantages - cheaper, support from
group, not alone, shows that therapy works
when others in the group are successful
2.Couples Therapy - to help 2 people
improve their relationship thru better
communication
3.Family Therapy - improve family
communications
4.Self-Help Groups - for people who share
similar problems
5.Encounter Groups - for people looking for
emotional growth, try to become aware of
their own feelings & feelings of others
II.PSYCHOANALYTIC APPROACH
A. Free Association - therapist asks client to
relax and say whatever comes to mind.
Freudian……assumes problem stems from
repressed desires in unconscious.
1. Resistance – term used to describe
client's reluctance to discuss certain key
issues. Therapist must overcome this to be
successful.
B. Dream Analysis – Freud’s “Royal Road to the
Unconscious”. Dreams express unconscious
thoughts and feelings
1.Manifest Content - actual content of the
dream as remembered by dreamer
2.Latent Content - analysts' interpretation,
the hidden meaning of the dream
C. Transference –Clients transfer feelings and
expectations from one person to another - the
therapist.
D. Evaluation - criticized for being too costly
and for placing too much emphasis on sexual
and aggressive urges
III.HUMANISTIC APPROACH
A. Humanistic Therapy - the goal is to help
individuals reach their full potential
B. Person-Centered Therapy - Carl Rogers, to
help people find their "true self"
1.
Non directive - client controls own
therapy
2.Active Listening - listener (therapist)
repeats, rephrases or asks for clarification
C. Evaluation - very successful for those who
choose it. Best for well-educated, motivated
people with minor problems.
IV.COGNITIVE & BEHAVIOR THERAPY
A. Cognitive Therapy - to help clients change
their way of thinking
1.Rational-Emotive Therapy - Albert Ellis,
focuses on faulty assumptions
2.Beck's Cognitive Therapy - Aaron Beck,
focuses on illogical thought processes
3.Evaluation - short-term, less expensive,
good for depression, anxiety &
personality disorders
B. Behavior Therapy - the goal is to eliminate
undesirable behavior
1.Counterconditioning - "unlearning" bad
behaviors
a.systemic desensitization - slowly
expose patient to anxiety producer
b.modeling - client observes and then
imitates desired behaviors
c.aversive therapy - undesired
behavior is paired with something
negative
2.Operant Conditioning - encouraging
desired behaviors thru rewards
3.Evaluation - very effective, short-term,
cheap, good for phobias, PTSD, OCD,
addictions and more
V.BIOLOGICAL THERAPY
A. Drug Therapy - most widely used therapy
method today, designed to change brain's
chemical make-up
1.antianxiety - depressants to calm anxiety
2.antidepressant - increase
neurotransmitters for depression
3.Lithium - levels out mood fluctuations in
bipolar patients
4.antipsychotic - major tranquilizers,
reduce agitation and hallucinations in
schizo's
B. Electroconvulsive Therapy - ECT, electrical
current passed thru brain to shock it into
chemical change
C. Psychosurgery - prefrontal lobotomy