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Lessons for ArcGIS
Analyzing World War II
Analyzing World War II
The Lesson Pack
World War II was a global military conflict lasting from 1939 to 1945 which involved most of the world's nations,
including all of the great powers, organized into two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis. It was the
most widespread war in history, with more than 100 million military personnel mobilized. In a state of "total war,"
the major participants placed their entire economic, industrial, and scientific capabilities at the service of the war
effort, erasing the distinction between civilian and military resources. In this lesson, students will be able to
recognize the pattern and inductively arrive at a generalization about the immense geographic scope and the
human and monetary cost of World War II.
Background Information
Teachers are encouraged to distribute this background information to their students.
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World War II Origin and Causes
Allies and Axis Power Forces
Impact of World War II
The effects of World War II
Lest We Forget Project
Canada during World War II
References
The Teacher’s Guide
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Introduction
Objectives
Time Required
Required Materials
Data Requirements
Level of User
GIS Skills
Connections to Curriculum Themes
Special Features
Helpful Hints
Extension Exercise
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Lessons for ArcGIS
Analyzing World War II
Student Instructions
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Student Exercise Instructions
Extension Exercise
Analyzing World War II
Background Information
This lesson was produced by Esri Canada Limited, and is intended to examine causes and inductively arrive at a
generalization about the immense geographic scope and the human and monetary cost of World War II.
World War II Origin and Causes
Although each of the regional wars of World War II began for a different reason, it is generally understood that
World War II started because of Axis aggression. In Europe, the cause of World War II could be traced 20 years
earlier. At the end of World War I, the Treaty of Versailles failed as an instrument to maintain peace as it
seemingly served the agenda of depriving Germany of its status as a sovereign nation.
The war is generally considered to have begun on September 1st, 1939, with the invasion of Poland by Nazi
Germany and subsequent declarations of war on Germany by France and most of the countries of the British
Empire and Commonwealth. Many countries were already at war by this date, such as Ethiopia and Italy in the
Second Italo-Abyssinian War and China and Japan in the Second Sino-Japanese War. Many countries that were
not initially involved joined the war later in response to events such as the German invasion of the Soviet Union
and the Japanese attacks on the U.S. Pacific Fleet at Pearl Harbor and on British overseas colonies, which
triggered declarations of war on Japan by the United States, the British Commonwealth, and the Netherlands.
Unlike WWI, where a variety of complex factors were at play, WWII (in Europe) was primarily the result of two
nations ( Germany and Italy) unsatisfied with the status quo imposed by WWI.
German Ambitions: Germany was on the losing side of the Central Powers during WWI. It lost significant
portions of territory, including the Polish Corridor, border lands along the Polish border, and critical industrial
sectors along the western French border. It was also forced to pay suffocating reparations for the damage from
WWI. It was natural for them to seek to regain its military might. Once this was achieved, it was prepared to
avenge its loss in WWI, and reassert itself as the dominant power in Central Europe, and perhaps most of all of
Europe.
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Lessons for ArcGIS
Analyzing World War II
Italy Ambitions: Italy was on the victorious Allied side during WWI, paying a steep price in its contribution to
victory. Hundreds of thousands lost their lives fighting the Austrians, in which Italy was ultimately victorious.
Despite this, the Allies reneged on promises of land awards along the Eastern banks of the Adriatic Sea, which
was instead awarded to Yugoslavia. Italians were seriously disenchanted at the minimal gains there were ceded
in light of the heavy cost they paid to fight the Austrians along their own border.
Appeasement: The Allied powers who enforced the status quo established after WWI, such as the UK, France
and the USA, were unwilling to intercede when Germany began to once again assert itself as a militarized power.
Although in violation of the peace treaty ending WWI, the Allies stood by as Germany rebuilt its military, annexed
Austria, and invaded Czechoslovakia in 1939. They also refused to act when Italy invaded Albania in 1939. As a
result, Germany was emboldened to continue its invasion into Poland in 1939, which did finally elicit declarations
of war from the Allies.
Racism: Germans viewed ethnic Slavs as an inferior race, and were therefore self-empowered and self-justified
to invade and capture their lands without inhibition to the east in order to expand its territorial control.
Fascism: The social and economic turbulence that gripped Europe during the Global Depression gave rise to
dictatorship-led governments, in order to establish order (although at the expense of individual liberties). When
democracy and capitalism failed to pull nations out of the depression, fascist governments gained favor
throughout much of Europe, including Germany and Italy. Hitler and Mussolini instituted tight social and economic
controls, typical of fascist governments. Fervent nationalism and militarism are also typical of fascism, which
drove nations to build-up their militaries and seek to expand at the expense of neighboring nations.
Allies and Axis Power forces
The Allies powers were the countries that opposed the Axis powers during World War II (1939–1945). The Allies
became involved in World War II either because they had already been invaded or were directly threatened with
invasion by the Axis or because they were concerned that the Axis powers would come to control the world. The
anti-German coalition at the start of the war, on September 1, 1939, consisted of France, Poland, and the United
Kingdom. After 1941, the leaders of the British Empire, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, and the United
States of America, known as "The Big Three", held leadership of the allied powers. France, before its defeat in
1940 and after Operation Overlord in 1944, as well as China at that time, were also major Allies. Other Allies
included Australia, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Czechoslovakia, Ethiopia, Greece, India, Mexico, the Netherlands,
New Zealand, Norway, the Philippine Commonwealth, Poland, Albania, the Union of South Africa, and
Yugoslavia.
The Axis powers (German: Achsenmächte, Italian: Potenze dell'Asse, Japanese: Suujikukoku (枢軸国),
Hungarian: Tengelyhatalmak, Romanian: Puterile Axei, Bulgarian: "Сили от Оста"), also known as the Axis
alliance, Axis nations, Axis countries, or just the Axis, comprised the countries that were opposed to the Allies
during World War II. The three major Axis powers—Germany, Japan, and Italy—were part of a military alliance on
the signing of the Tripartite Pact in September 1940, which officially founded the Axis powers. At their zenith, the
Axis powers ruled empires that dominated large parts of Europe, Africa, East and Southeast Asia and the Pacific
Ocean, but World War II ended with their total defeat and dissolution. Like the Allies, membership of the Axis was
fluid, and other nations entered and later left the Axis during the course of the war.
Impact of World War II
Estimates for the total casualties of the war vary, due to the fact that many deaths went unrecorded. Most suggest
that some 60 million people died in the war, including about 20 million soldiers and 40 million civilians. Many
civilians died because of disease, starvation, massacres, bombing and deliberate genocide. The Soviet Union lost
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Lessons for ArcGIS
Analyzing World War II
around 27 million people during the war, almost half of all World War II deaths. Of the total deaths in World War II,
approximately 85 percent were on the Allied side (mostly Soviet and Chinese) and 15 percent were on the Axis
side. One estimate is that 12 million civilians died in Nazi concentration camps, 1.5 million by bombs, 7 million in
Europe and 7.5 million in China from other causes.
Many of these deaths were a result of genocidal actions committed in Axis-occupied territories and other war
crimes committed by German as well as Japanese forces. The most notorious of German atrocities was the
Holocaust, the systematic genocide of Jews in territories controlled by Germany and its allies.
The effects of World War II
The effects of World War II had far-reaching implications for most of the world. Many millions of lives had been
lost as a result of the war. Germany was divided into four quadrants, which were controlled by the Allied Powers
— the United States, United Kingdom, France, and the Soviet Union. The war can be identified to varying
degrees as the catalyst for many continental, national and local phenomena, such as the redrawing of European
borders, the birth of the United Kingdom's welfare state, the communist takeover of China and Eastern Europe,
the creation of Israel, and the division of Germany and Korea and later of Vietnam. In addition, many
organizations have roots in World War II; for example, the United Nations, the World Bank, the World Trade
Organization, and the International Monetary Fund. Technologies, such as nuclear fission, the electronic
computer and the jet engine, also appeared during this period.
A multipolar world was replaced by a bipolar one dominated by the two most powerful victors, the United States
and Soviet Union, which became known as the superpowers.
Lest We Forget Project
The Lest We Forget Project is the inspiration of Blake Seward, a history teacher at Smiths Falls District Collegiate
Institute, in Smiths Falls, Ontario. Concerned that the contributions of those who died serving in war have been
largely forgotten, Seward began researching the military history of his own great uncle, who fought and died at
Passchendaele. Seward soon realized that this type of research would be an exciting way to make history come
alive in the classroom. It would give students the opportunity to document the life stories of the men and women
who served in the First and Second World War.
Through the keen interest of the students in Smiths Falls and Seward's leadership, schools in Ontario and in other
provinces adopted the project. Although originally based on the Ontario educational model, the project can be
adapted and applied to meet curriculum expectations in every province.
Since its inception in 2001, the Lest We Forget Project has expanded into a partnership between Dominion
Command (National Headquarters of The Royal Canadian Legion (http://legion.ca/Home/SiteHome_e.cfm),
Veterans Affairs Canada (http://www.vac-acc.gc.ca/general/), the Upper Canada District School Board
(http://www.ucdsb.on.ca/) and Library and Archives Canada. The public can also undertake similar research by
visiting the Canadian Genealogy Centre Web site at Library and Archives Canada.
(Source: Library and Archives Canada)
Canada during WWII
September 10, 1939 the Parliament of Canada declared war against the German Reich, marking the beginning of
Canada's participation in the Second World War. Unlike in the First World War Canada was not automatically
entered into conflict when Britain declared war, seven days prior. Canada also declared war on Italy (June 10,
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Lessons for ArcGIS
Analyzing World War II
1940), Japan (December 7, 1941), and other Axis powers. Canada's military was active in every theatre of war,
though most battles occurred in Italy, Northern Europe and the North Atlantic.
Over the course of the war, 1.1 million Canadians served in the Army, Navy, and Air Force. Of these more than
45,000 lost their lives and another 54,000 were wounded.
The suffering and the hardships of war affected many Canadians at home and abroad. By the end of the War,
Canada had the world's fourth largest air force, and third largest navy. Additionally, the Canadian Merchant Navy
completed over 25,000 voyages across the Atlantic Canadians also served in the militaries of various Allied
countries.
By D-Day, June 6, 1944, the landings at Normandy were accomplished by two beachheads made by the
American forces at Omaha and Utah, two by British forces, Sword and Gold, and the final was a Canadian effort
at Juno with the 3rd Canadian Infantry Division penetrating farther into France than any other Allied force. After
the Normandy landings a Canadian spearhead drove northeast into the Netherlands, where the Canadians
liberated that nation.
The war's impact on Canadian history was considerable. The conscription crisis had a major effect on unity
between French and English-speaking Canadians, though was not as politically damaging as that of World War I.
The war effort strengthened the Canadian economy, led to diversification in manufacturing and enhanced national
thanksgiving. Canada's status as a nation was strengthened after 1945.
References
The following resources will help to complete the exercises in this lesson, and serve as starting points for further
research.
http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/cenotaph/index-e.html
Lest We Forget Project
Date accessed: January 10, 2010
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II_casualties
Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
World War II Casualties
Date accessed: August 27, 2010
http://www.worldology.com/Europe/world_war_2_lg.htm
World.ology – The People, Nations and Events that have shaped our World
World War II – Interactive Map
Date accessed: August 27, 2010
http://www.euronet.nl/users/wilfried/ww2/ww2.htm
Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The World at War – History of WW 1939-1945
Date accessed: August 27, 2010
http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/education/cenotaph/025009-1101-e.html
Library and Archives Canada
Date accessed: August 27, 2010
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Analyzing World War II
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II
Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
World War II
Date accessed: August 27, 2010
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Participants_in_World_War_II
Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Participants World War II
Date accessed: August 27, 2010
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II_casualties_of_the_Soviet_Union
Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
World War II Casualties of the Soviet Union
Date accessed: August 27, 2010
http://www.worldwar2database.com/html/poland.htm
World War II Multimedia Database
Date accessed: December 15, 2010
http://ww2db.com/
World War II Database
Date accessed: December 15, 2010
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Effects_of_World_War_II
Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
World War II
Date accessed: August 27, 2010
http://www.mooresmarauders.org/allies_and_axis_powers_wwii.htm
Allied and Axis Powers of World War II
Date accessed: December 15, 2010
http://www.archives.gov.on.ca/
Archives of Ontario
Date accessed: January 10, 2011
http://www.veterans.gc.ca/remembers/sub.cfm?source=history/secondwar/dieppe
Veterans Affairs Canada
Date accessed: January 10, 2011
http://www.historyplace.com/worldwar2/timeline/statistics.htm
The History Place – Statistics of World War II
Date accessed: January 10, 2011
www.ushmm.org
United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
Date accessed: January 10, 2011
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Lessons for ArcGIS
Analyzing World War II
The Education team at Esri Canada makes every effort to present accurate and reliable information. Web sites
and URLs found in this lesson for ArcGIS, although from sources that are current at the time of production, are
subject to change without notice to Esri Canada. It is recommended that teachers and/or support staff test all links
within the lesson packs prior to students working through the individual lessons.
Esri Canada has obtained rights for the photos in this lesson and they may not be retransmitted.
Analyzing World War II
Teacher’s Guide
Introduction
This lesson uses GIS analysis and critical thinking skills to examine key events of World War II. This lesson gives
the students the opportunity to debate causes of this global conflict. Students will use primary resources, mostly
photographs and videos. Moreover, students will analyze data on military preparedness during World War II and
will look at civilian and military casualties. World War II was the largest conflict in history spanning the entire world
and involving more countries than any other war. Students will have the opportunity to study World War II, the
cost, scope and human casualties.
Objectives
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Students will explore and manipulate various mapping tools using ArcGIS.
Students will use a map to locate and understand situations of various countries during WWII.
Students will use selection tools to explore relationships between countries and their attributes.
Students will use the HTML Popup tool to obtain more information related to specific features.
Students will use the Time Slider tool to examine countries during WWII at a global perspective.
Time Required
Allow for 120 minutes to complete the GIS exercise.
Required Materials
1. ArcGIS for Desktop10
2. Data files downloaded from the Esri Canada Education Web site: http://www.esri.ca/en_education/4595.asp
3. Internet connection
Data requirements
All of the data needed for this lesson can be downloaded from the Esri Canada Education Web site at:
http://www.esri.ca/en_education/4595.asp.The data for this lesson was acquired from some of the Web sites
listed in the References section and from the Esri Data and Maps 9.3 resource.
Level of User
This exercise is designed to be accessible for many ability levels. Instructions have been written to accommodate
both beginners and advanced ArcGIS users. Teachers may wish to adapt sections of the exercise to meet specific
needs.
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Lessons for ArcGIS
Analyzing World War II
GIS Skills
1. Turning layers on and off
2. Symbolizing layers
3. Query data
4. Open and sort an Attribute table
5. Select By Attributes
6. Creating new layers
7. Create hyperlinks
8. Use of Bookmarks
9. Label Features in a layer and change labels
10. Use of the HTML Popup tool
11. Use of the Time Slider capability
Connections to Curriculum Themes and Skills
Topics and skills in this lesson can be applied to several curriculum areas and related courses.
They include:
1. Canadian and World Studies
2. Social Studies and Humanities
3. Geography: Global Connections
Special Features
Throughout the student instructions portion of this lesson, students are presented with questions to help them
complete exercise steps and to encourage critical thought. You may wish to have students complete these
questions and hand them in on a separate sheet.
Helpful Hints
1. We strongly advise that teachers work through the exercise before distributing it to students.
2. Timelines for completion of the exercise will vary. You may want to plan for several classroom periods to
complete the exercise if you decide to use the exercise as a mini-project.
Extension Exercise
The Extension Exercise is intended to provide students with extra data to create maps and understand the life of a
Canadian soldier who lost his life during World War II.
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Analyzing World War II
Analyzing World War II
Student Instructions
Introduction
When the Germans invaded Poland on September 1st, 1939 the world went to war for the second time in 27
years. Unbelievably, nations and their leaders had allowed another conflict to threaten the planet. The scope of
this new war was not yet apparent but the truth was dawning gradually; this war would last six years. World War II
involved more than two hundred countries which caused millions of people to suffer, costing 55 million lives and
material damage of approximately 3 billion dollars. It affected the lives of three quarters of the world’s population
and influenced the lives of the majority of the world's inhabitants to some degree. Within months of the German
invasion of Poland much of Europe had been occupied by the rampaging Blitzkrieg techniques of the Third
Reich's military forces and everyone, even residents of far distant nations, were 'at war'. Their resources in men
and material committed to the cause on one side or the other.
Causes of the war can be traced back to the end of World War I. Germany, Italy, and Japan suffered deep
economic problems. Inflation was rampant. However, by the late 1920s, economic order was being restored. This
trend reversed when the United States entered the Great Depression. The citizens of what would be the Axis
Powers (Germany, Italy, and Japan) supported nationalistic organizations which offered hope in the face of these
problems. However, these organizations soon gave birth to tyranny. Totalitarian dictatorships arose in the Soviet
Union, Japan, Italy, and Germany; these were led by Joseph Stalin, Emperor Hirohito, Benito Mussolini, and Adolf
Hitler, respectively. These leaders seized power by promising reform through unity. Under the dictatorships,
however, terror reigned. Dictators used secret police, threats, imprisonment and even executions to eliminate their
opposition.
Part A: Getting Started
1. Start ArcMap. To do this, either double-click on the ArcMap
icon on your computer’s desktop, or from
the Start menu choose > All Programs > ArcGIS > ArcMap 10. Ask your teacher if you require assistance
starting ArcMap.
2. From the ArcMap dialog, under Existing maps within the ArcMap – Getting Started dialog box, choose
Browse for more…. In the dialog box that appears, navigate to where the World War II folder is located.
Select the WWII.mxd and click Open. Ask your teacher if you are not sure where the folder is located.
Hyperlinking allows you to link resources such as pictures, videos, documents, and Web sites to features on your
map. The purpose of this section is to familiarize yourself with the countries in the European theatre that
participated in World War II. You will hyperlink and watch a short video showing the development of WWII from
1939 to 1945 and one of the most important events that took place during that period.
3. In the table of contents, right-click the Germany layer and select Zoom to Layer.
Note: If the table of contents is not visible, click on the Table of Contents tab.
4. Click on the Identify
tool.
5. Click on the Germany feature on your map to open the Identify window. Change the Identify from: to
Germany.
6. On the upper side of the Identify window, right-click on Germany and select Add Hyperlink. The Add
Hyperlink window will appear, make sure that the Link to a Document section is selected. Click on the browse
button and navigate to the folder C:\WWII\ Video and select the video WWII.wmv. Click Open and then OK.
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Lessons for ArcGIS
Analyzing World War II
7. Close the Identify window.
You have now added a video to the Germany layer. Click on the Hyperlink tool
thunderbolt) over Germany on your map and click on it to play the video.
and place the cursor (now a
Note: If you cannot play the video, you might need to change the selection tolerance. To do this, from the
Selection menu, choose Selection Options. Under the Selection Tools Setting section, change the Selection
Tolerance to 10 pixels. Click OK. If the video still does not play, the default program that opens the video might
have to be changed. To do this, open Windows Explorer and navigate to the video you want to play.
Play the video several times; enough so you can answer the following question:
 Create a timeline of what you think are 4-5 significant events based on the information provided in the
video.
Note: When you finish answering the question, close the Windows Media Player window.
9. It is time to save your work. From the File menu, choose Save As. Browse to an appropriate folder (ask your
teacher if you are unsure), name the file WWII_YourInitials.mxd, and click Save. Do not close ArcMap.
You will now select features and create new layers to represent only the Axis and Allied Powers as in 1939. One
of the selection methods you can use to select features in a layer is an attribute query. This is performed using the
Select By Attributes tool. This tool allows you to provide a SQL query expression that is used to select features
that match the selection criteria.
10. Click Selection > Select By Attributes to open the Select By Attributes dialog box.
11. Change the Layer to Participant Countries WWII by clicking on the down-arrow and make sure that the
Method is set to Create a new selection.
12. You will need to create the query ( "Powers_Ali" = 'Major Ally Power' OR "Powers_Ali" =
'Minor Ally Power' ) AND "Year_Align" = '1939'
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First, single-click on the brackets
button.
Next, double-click on "Powers_Alli" in the list.
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Next, single-click on the equal
button.
Then, click on the Get Unique Values button.
Double-click on the “Major Ally Power”
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Next, single-click on the
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Then, double-click on "Powers_Alli" in the list follow by a single-click on the equal
button
Using the Get Unique Values list, scroll down and double-click on the “Minor Ally Power”
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Using your mouse, click outside the brackets equation and single-click on the
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Then, double-click on “Year_Align” in the list, follow by a single-click on the equal
Next, click on the Get Unique Values button.
button.
button.
button
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Lessons for ArcGIS
Analyzing World War II

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Double-click on the “1939” in the list
Click OK.
ArcMap will now select only Major and Minor Ally Powers as in 1939.
13. Turn off the Germany layer and make sure that the Participant Countries WWII layer is on.
You will use a special bookmark to have a better look at the European Theatre during WWII. A spatial bookmark
identifies a particular geographic location that you want to save and reference later.
14. Go to Bookmarks, scroll down and select the European Theatre bookmark.
15. You will now create a selection layer. Right-click on the Participants Countries WWII layer, scroll down to
Selection and choose Create Layer from Selected Features. Name the new layer Allied Powers as
in 1939 by clicking on the new layer and pressing F2. When you finish typing the name of the layer, press
the Enter key.
16. Open the Symbol Selector properties window of the Allied Powers as in 1939 layer by clicking on the
symbol below the layer name. Choose Ultra Blue as a color, set the outline width to1 and the Outline Color
to Black. Click OK to apply the changes.
17. You will now clear the selection. From the Selection menu, choose
Clear Selected Features.
18. Using the Select By Attributes tool, repeat steps 10 to 12 to create a new selection layer for the Axis Powers
as in 1939. Note that you will be using the Major Axis Power and the Minor Axis Power attributes.
Note: Make sure to clear the previous equation in the Select By Attributes window.
19. You will now create a selection layer. Right-click on the Participants Countries WWII layer, scroll down to
Selection and choose Create Layer from Selected Features. Select your new layer in the table of contents
and name the new layer Axis Powers as in 1939.
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Lessons for ArcGIS
Analyzing World War II
20. Open the Symbol Selector Properties window of the Participants Countries WWII layer, choose
Poinsietta Red as a color, set the outline width to 1 and the Outline Color to Black. Click OK to apply the
changes.
21. You will now clear the selection. From the Selection menu, choose
22. It is time to save your work. Just click on the Save Map
Clear Selected Features.
button.
Fully devoted to remaining independent but under considerable pressure from both German and Austrian Nazis,
Austria's Chancellor Kurt Schuschnigg tried to hold a referendum to ask the Austrian people whether they wished
to remain independent or merge into Germany. Although Schuschnigg expected Austria to vote in favour of
maintaining autonomy, a well-planned coup d'état by the Austrian Nazi Party of Austria's state institutions in
Vienna took place on March 11th, 1938, prior to the referendum, which was then canceled. After a turbulent and
discouraging interwar period (coming off defeat in WWI), Austrians voted 99% in favor of being united with
Germany, resulting in the Nazi annexation in 1938, a blatant violation of the post-WWI treaty.
Czechoslovakia was also invaded and occupied by Nazi-Germany in 1939 before the start of the war. The
incorporation of Sudetenland into Nazi Germany left the rest of Czechoslovakia weak and it became powerless to
resist subsequent occupation. The southern portion of Czechoslovakia was given to Hungary as a reward for
joining the Axis Powers.
23. You will now create a new layer to represent the territories annexed by Germany in 1938-1939. Hint: Your
equation should be: "Powers_Ali" = 'Annexed by Germany' OR "Powers_Ali" = 'Occupy by Germany'.
Note: Repeat steps 10 to 12 and step 15 to create and name your new layer.
24. Name the layer Annexed countries by Germany 1938-1939.
25. Open the Symbol Selector window of your newly created layer and click on the
button.
26. The Symbol Property Editor window will now appear. Under type, select Gradient Fill Symbol. Under
Color Ramp, right click the drop-down arrow and click on the Graphic View.
27. The names of the color ramp will be displayed, select Brown Light to Dark and make sure that Intervals,
percentage and angle have the same values as the screenshot below:
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Lessons for ArcGIS
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28. Click OK twice to close the Symbol Property Editor and the Symbol Selector windows.
29. You will now clear the selection. From the Selection menu, choose
Clear Selected Features.
You will also need to hyperlink the Austria.jpg, Czechoslovakia.jpg and Poland.jpg file to give more content to
your map. The files can be found here: C:\WWII\Hyperlinks.
30. Click on the Identify
tool.
31. Click on the Austria feature on your map to open the Identify window.
Change the Identify from: to Annexed Countries by Germany 19381939.Click again on the Austria feature on your map.
32. On the upper side of the Identify window, right click on Austria and
select Add Hyperlink.
33. The Add Hyperlink window will appear, make sure that the Link to a
Document section is selected. Click on the browse button and navigate
to the folder C:\WWII\Hyperlinks and select the Austria.jpg file.
34. Click Open and then OK.
35. Close the Identify window.
36. Click on the Hyperlink tool
and place the cursor (now a thunderbolt) over Austria on your map and click
on it to open the file.
Note: Repeat steps 30 to 36 to add a hyperlink to the Czechoslovakia and Poland features. For Poland, use
the Allied Powers as in 1939 layer.
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Your map should look like the one below.
 Complete the table below using the data frame World War II of your mxd and the attribute tables.
Major / Minor Allied Powers as in 1939
Major / Minor Axis Powers as in 1939
36. Uncheck all the layers, except for Participant Countries WWII, countries and Ocean layers. The table of
contents and your map should look like the ones below:
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For the next part of the lesson, you will use the HTML pop-up tool. HTML pop-ups are small windows containing
HTML and Web content, allowing you to take advantage of HTML formatting, links and multimedia to display the
attributes of geographic features and related information. An HTML popup has a leader line pointing to the feature
it is linked to.
37. Using the HTML pop-up tool, match the left column in the table below with the letter of the statement that
best describes it and complete the table below. In order to do this, click on the HTML popup tool
and
click on each of the countries mentioned below. Each HTML pop-up window has attachments that will help
you find the answers.
Note: If the text is too small, click on it to view the larger text.
1. ___Germany
a. This country along with France declared war on Germany in
1939 after Hitler invaded Poland.
2. ___France
b. This country made a non-aggression pact with Germany.
3. ___United Kingdom
c. This country suffers the effects of its defeat in WWI and end
up with a subsequent economic collapse.
4. ___Czechoslovakia
d. This country fortified its borders with Germany except for an
area called the Ardennes forest which they assumed could not
be penetrated by a large army.
5. ___Soviet Union
e. Hitler invaded this country only to get to the northern part of
France.
6. ___Belgium
f. Hitler was appeased at the Munich Conference with
apportion of this country called the Sudetenland.
7. ___Poland
g. The invasion of this country sparked the beginning of World
War II.
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Country Name
Political Leader
Germany
Italy
France
Soviet Union
United Kingdom
38. It is time to save your work. Just click on the Save Map
button.
Part B: Casualties of WWII
World War II was the mightiest struggle humankind has ever seen. It killed more people, cost more money,
damaged more property, affected and caused more far-reaching changes in nearly every country than any other
war in history. Some nations in World War II suffered disproportionally more casualties than others. This is
especially true regarding civilian casualties.
The purpose of this part of the lesson is to analyze the number of casualties of each country, along with
population information to show the relative impact of losses. The participants in World War II were those nations
who either participated directly in or were affected by any of the theaters or events of World War II. During this
part of the lesson, the majority of the nations will be analyzed. Detailed information of all the countries that
participated in WWII can be found here:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Participants_in_World_War_II.
1. In ArcMap, click on the minimize button of the World War II data frame to hide its contents.
2. Activate the data frame called Casualties WWII. To do this, right-click on the Casualties WWII data frame
and select Activate.
3. You will need to expand the data frame to display its contents. Click on the plus sign next to the data frame
name.
4. Right-click the Participants Countries WWII layer in the table of contents and choose Open Attribute Table
to examine the data.
5. Select the Military Casualties column and sort the data in descending order to answer the following
question. To do this, right-click the column and select Sort Descending.
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 List the top four countries that sustained the greatest losses in battle
 Are there any similarities among the battle casualties for any of the nations? What impact do you think
these loses would have on these countries?
6. Using the Civilian Casualties column, sort the data in descending order. Examine the data to answer the
following questions.
 List the top 4 countries that sustained the greatest civilian losses
 Why did you think China, the Soviet Union and Poland experienced high civilian casualties? Hint: Use
the HTML Popup tool.
 What impact do you think these loses had on these countries?
 Are there any similarities among the civilian casualties for any of the other nations?
7. When you finish answering the questions, close the attribute table.
You will now calculate the percentage of casualties of each country according to the total population in 1939.
Entering values with the keyboard is not the only way you can edit values in a table. In some cases, you might
want to perform a mathematical calculation to set a field value for a single record or even all records. The Field
Calculator in ArcMap lets you perform simple as well as advanced calculations on all or selected records.The
Field Calculator works on string, number, and date fields and automatically calculates selected records if the layer
or table has a selection set present.
8. Before you can calculate the percentage you must start an editing session. Click the
the Editor toolbar and click Start Editing.
Editor menu on
Caution: You can't undo a field calculation when performed outside an edit session. If the toolbar is not active,
go to Customize and select Editor.
9. The Start Editing window will now appear. Select the Participant Countries WWII layer and click Continue.
10. Close the Create features window by clicking on the close
button.
11. Open the Attribute table for the Participant Countries WWII. You will notice the background of the field
names in the table are now white (they were grey before); this indicates the table is in editing mode.
12. You will need to sort the data of the Total Casualties column in descending order.
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13. You will now need to select all the records that have a value greater than zero to perform the calculation. To
do this, select the first record by clicking on the grey box on the left hand side, then hold the Shift key and
select the last record with a value greater than zero.
You should have 40 out of 66 features selected in the attribute table.
14. Click on the Show selected records
records show.
button at the bottom of the attribute table so only the highlighted
15. Next, scroll to the right in the table of contents and right-click on the Death % column. Select the Field
Calculator
button.
Tip: You can press CTRL+SHIFT+F as a shortcut to opening the Field Calculator.
16. The Field Calculator window will now appear. Use the Fields list and Functions to build the following
expression: [TOTAL] *100 / [pop_1939]

First, double-click TOTAL in the list.

Next, single-click on the

Next, type 100

Then, single-click on the

Last, double-click pop_1939 in the list.
button.
button.
17. Click OK.
Note: ArcMap will now calculate the percentage using the Field Calculator tool. This may take a few
seconds.
Use the results to answer the following questions.
Hint: Use the Sort Descending and the HMTL Popup tool.
 Which country had the highest percentage of casualties based on the total population as in 1939?
18. Close the Attributes of Participant Countries WWII and the HTML Popup window click the
Features button on the Tools bar.
19. Now you must save the edits you made to the table by clicking on the
Clear Selected
button and selecting
button.
20. To end your editing session, click the Stop Editing
21. It is time to save your work. Click on the Save
button.
button.
Using the military spending attribute table, you will now analyze the military strength and the amount of money
expended in armament production and on defense by the power nations during WWII.
22. Turn off the Participant Countries WWII layer and turn on the Military_Spending layer.
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23. Right-click the Military Spending layer in the table of contents and choose Open Attribute Table.
24. Scroll all the way to the right of the table of contents and right-click the Expenditures in billions of 1945
dollars column of the attribute table. Then, select Sort Descending. This column contains the total
expenditures by nation in billions of 1945 dollars. The military spending data will help you answer the
following questions.
 Which country bore the greatest burden financially?
 Which government spent the most on armaments (weapons) in 1940, 1941 and in 1943?
 In 1937, which three governments spent the largest percentage of their budgets on defense?
 Which government spent the smallest percentage on defense as in 1937?
25. When you finish answering the questions, close the Military_Spending attribute table.
In order to better analyze the expenditures by nations; you will create a graph.
26. Click the View menu, point to Graphs and then click Create. Click the Graph type drop-down arrow and
select Horizontal Bar. Make sure that the Layer/Table drop-down menu is set to Military_Spending.
27. Change the Value Field to Expenditures in billions of 1945 dollars and the Y label field to Country name.
The wizard shows the initial version of the graph.
28. Uncheck the Add to legend check box to disable it. Check the Show labels (marks) check box to see the
bars in the graph labeled with their actual values. Make sure that the Color is set to Match with layer.
29. Click Show border to draw a perimeter box around each bar in the graph.
The Create Graph Wizard window should look like the one below.
30. Click Next to proceed to the general properties page to complete your graph.
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31. Under General graph properties, change the title to Expenditures of the Powers in billions of
1945 dollars. Check the Graph in 3D view check box to display the graph with an extruded 3D-like
effect and uncheck the graph legend option.
32. Under Axis Properties, click on the Left tab and delete the title.
33. Click the Finish button.
34. Setting advanced properties allows you to have more control over the appearance of the graph and is
available from the Graph Wizard. Access the Advanced Properties dialog box by right-clicking directly on
your graph and selecting the Advanced Properties option.
35. Choose Themes on the table of contents and select Blues from the list. Make sure that the View 3D and
scale checkboxes are selected. Click Apply and Close.
Note: If your graph is too small, you can maximize it by clicking on the corner of the window and dragging the
cursor further away.
Your graph should look like the one below.
36. Close your graph when you finish analyzing the expenditures.
 Give some reasons why the United States’ expenditure was really high even though the nation remained
neutral until 1941.
Hint: Use the HTML Popup tool and click on the links to help you find the answer. Close the HTML
Popup window when finished.
You will now create a graph to represent the military, civilian and Jewish casualties using the Participants
countries WWII layer.
37. Turn off the Military spending layer and turn on the Participant Countries WWII layer.
38. Right-click on Participants countries WWII in the table of contents, select Open Attribute Table. The
Attribute table of Participants countries WWII will appear.
39. You may have to click the
view.
Show all records button at the bottom of the table if not all the records are in
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40. Right-click the Total Casualties column and select Sort Descending.
You are only interested in the countries with the highest total casualties during WWII. In this case, you will select
Soviet Union, China, Germany, Poland and Japan. To select the countries you want to include on your graph,
click on the grey box at the start of the row. You will notice the row is highlighted in blue when it is selected. To
choose more than one country, hold down the Ctrl key while selecting the row.
41. Select the following records: Soviet Union, China, Germany, Poland and Japan.
42. Once you have selected the countries (rows), you are now ready to create a graph. Click on the Table
Options
button and choose the
button.
43. Make sure that the Vertical Bar Graph type is selected. Click the Layer/Table drop-down arrow and choose
Participant Countries WWII.
44. Change the Value Field to Military Casualties and the X label field to Country Name. The wizard shows the
initial version of the graph.
45. Check the Show labels (marks) check box to see the bars in the graph labeled with their actual values and
make sure that the Add to legend check box is checked. Change the Color to Custom and from the dropdown arrow menu that appears choose Mars Red.
Note: You will notice the graph preview shows more countries than you have selected. This will
change in the next screen.
46. Click Show border to draw a perimeter box around each bar in the graph.
47. Now click on the Vertical Bar tab to change the name and type Military Casualties. Then, hit Enter on
your keyboard.
48. You will now add more series to your graph by clicking on the Add button near the bottom of the screen and
selecting New Series.
49. A new tab will appear. Make the same changes as above repeating steps 43 to 47 but this time make the
Value Field Civilian Casualties, name the Vertical Bar tab Civilian Casualties and change the
Custom color to Peacock Green.
50. Add one more column, Jewish Casualties, to your graph. Follow the same steps as above (steps 43 to 47).
This time make the Value Field Jewish Casualties, name the Vertical Bar tab Jewish Casualties and
change the Custom color to Ultra Blue.
51. Click Next to proceed to the general properties page to complete your graph.
52. Select
.
53. Under General graph properties, change the title to Casualties of World War II. Check the Graph in
3D view check box to display the graph with an extruded 3D-like effect.
54. You will also add a footer that will be added to the bottom of the graph. Add Casualty estimates not
100% accurate as the footer.
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55. Make sure that the Graph legend check box is selected to make the legend for the graph available. The
graph legend by default will not have a title. Add Casualties as the title.
56. Under Axis Properties, click on the Left tab and change the title to Number of Casualties.
57. Click the Finish button.
58. Access the Advanced Properties dialog box by right-clicking on a graph directly and clicking the Advanced
Properties option.
59. Choose Themes on the table of contents and select Blues from the list. Make sure that the View 3D and
scale checkboxes are selected. Click Apply and Close.
Your graph should look like the one below.
Note: If your graph is too small, you can maximize it by clicking on the corner of the window and dragging the
cursor further away.
The figures of your graph are gathered from various sources and, inevitably, are estimates for the most part. The
starting point is taken as 1937, when in July of that year China was invaded by Japan in a widening war that
continued until the defeat of both Japan and Germany in 1945. The figures for China and the Soviet Union
(U.S.S.R.), in particular, indicate the immensity of the human losses in this most terrible of all wars, one
characterized by unspeakable atrocities, germ warfare, enormous civilian casualties, genocide of 5 1/2 million
European Jews, and the use of a new and terror-laden weapon of war--the atomic bomb.
Estimates of the death toll attributable to the war for military and civilian losses have ranged upward to 60 million,
with civilian losses at almost 50 percent of that total (a stark contrast with the losses of W orld War I, in which such
losses were no more than five percent). The war had a far greater global reach than its predecessor; over 50
countries or dependencies were listed as having some degree of involvement.
60. Close the graph and the attribute table by clicking on the close
61. It is time to save your work. Click on the Save
62. Click on the Clear the selected features
buttons.
button.
button on the standard tool bar.
You will now create an animation to illustrate when nations during WWII were declaring war from 1939 to 1945.
The Time Slider window provides controls that allow you to visualize temporal data in ArcGIS.
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63. You need to change the Symbology of the Participant Countries WWII layer so you can easily examine how
countries declared war. Double-click on the Participant Countries WWII layer in the table of contents to
open the Layer Properties window.
64. Click on the Symbology tab. Under Show, select Features/Single Symbol. Click on the symbol to open the
Symbol Selector window.
65. Choose Ultra Blue as the fill color. Make sure that the Outline width is set to 1.00 and that the Outline color
is black. The Symbol Selector window should look like the one below.
66. Then click OK twice to close the Layer Properties window.
67. Turn on the Major Axis Powers layer in the table of contents.
68. Open the properties of the Participant Countries WWII layer by right clicking on the layer and selecting
Properties.
69. Click on the Time tab. Check the option Enable time on this layer.
70. Make sure that the Time Field is set to Year of Declaration of War and the Time Step Interval is set to 1.00
year.
71. Make sure that the Display data cumulatively option is selected.
The Layer Properties window should look like the one below
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72. Click Apply and click OK to close the Layer Properties window.
73. Using the Tools toolbar, click on the Open Time Slider Window button
.
74. The Time Slider window will now appear. Be sure that time is enabled on you map, by clicking on the Enable
Time on this map button
in the top left-hand corner of the Time Slider window.
75. Click on the Options icon to open the Time Slider Options window. Make sure that Time step interval is set
to 2.0 weeks. Then, click OK.
76. Click the Play button to play the time series.
By examining your map; you will notice that some African countries are not highlighted in blue. Most African
countries were Allied colonies so they were at war at the same time as the Allied Powers. Notice that the time
animation only shows when countries declared war, not when they were invaded or annexed by the Axis Powers.
Some countries remain neutral but help Germans supplying raw materials to continue the war. To learn more
about the countries and its specific situations, go to the References section where you will find a list of the Web
sites.
 Write a paragraph explaining what you have learned so far during this lesson.
Hint: Use the HTML tool if needed.
77. Close the Time Slider window.
78. Click on the Save
button. Minimize the Casualties WWII data frame.
Part C: Canada in WWII Lest We Forget Project and GIS
Canada's military was active in every theatre of war, though most battles occurred in Italy, Northern Europe and
the North Atlantic. Over the course of the war, 1.1 million Canadians served in the Army, Navy, and Air Force. Of
these more than 45,000 lost their lives and another 54,000 were wounded. The suffering and the hardships of war
affected many Canadians at home and abroad.
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Concerned that the contributions of those who died serving in war have been largely forgotten, Blake Seward
began researching the military history of his own great uncle. Seward soon realized that this type of research
would be an exciting way to make history come alive in the classroom. The purpose of this part of the lesson is to
incorporate the Lest We Forget Project and GIS to examine and map the military life of Private Charles Leslie
Morley, a Canadian soldier from Western Ontario that bravely fought during World War II.
Private Charles Leslie Morley
Regimental Number: A 21774
5th Platoon Essex Scottish Regiment, Windsor Ontario
Infantry Division, 1st Battalion, 2nd Division of the Canadian Army
Canadian Active Service Force (CASF)
Today, Charles Leslie Morley, would be considered a “real hard oiler”. He was born on March 13th
1916, at the Charlotte Eleanor Englehart Hospital, in small town South Western Ontario. The Morley
family resided in the small community of Oil Springs approximately 15 kilometres outside of Petrolia.
Charles Leslie, often referred to by family and friends as Les, was a quintessential country boy from
Enniskillen Township. Les then attended Oil Springs Continuation School in the town of Enniskillen, but
in March 1929 left school in order to work. Because of his expertise, Les went to Windsor, Ontario in
the late 1930’s to work with heavy horses. With the official outbreak of war on September 1st 1939, Les
decided to enlist. It was an easy decision. His younger brother, Bert, was working as a farmhand
helping to support his family. Les did not want his baby brother to enlist in the war. On September 4th
1939, prior to Canada’s official declaration of war Charles Leslie Morley enlisted with the famous
Essex Scottish Regiment while he was still in Windsor, Ontario.
Like many members of the Ontario regiments Les went off to the large base of Camp Borden, located
west of Barrie in Simcoe County, Ontario to train for overseas duty. With basic training done he was
transferred to the Canadian Small Arms School in Connaught for the remainder of June, 1940.
Written by teacher Laura Jackson
1. In ArcMap, activate the data frame Private Charles Leslie Morley. Expand the data frame
to display its contents.
In addition to data sources, such as a shapefile or a geodatabase, you can add tabular data that contains
geographic locations in the form of x,y coordinates to your map. X,Y coordinates describe points on the earth's
surface. A table has been created to help you understand the life of Private Charles Leslie Morley and his
participation during World War II.
2. Click File > Add Data > Add XY Data.
3. The Add XY Data window will now appear. Under Choose a table from the map or browse for another
table, click on the browse
button. Navigate
PrivateCharlesLeslieMorley.dbf table. Click Add.
to
the
following
path
C:\WWII
and
select
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4. Under Coordinate System of Input Coordinates, click the
button. The Spatial Reference
Properties window will now appear. Then, click the Select… button to open the Browse for Coordinate
System window.
5. Navigate to the following path: Geographic Coordinate Systems/World and select WGS 1984.prj and click
Add. Then, click OK twice to close the Spatial Reference Properties window and the Add XY Data window.
The PrivateCharlesLeslieMorley Events layer should now appear in your table of contents.You will now save
the contents of the new layer as a feature class.
6. Right-click the PrivateCharlesLeslieMorley Events layer and click Data > Export Data. The Export Data
dialog box will open.
7. Under Output Feature class, click the browse button. Change the Save as type to File and Personal
Geodatabase Feature Class. Navigate to the following path C:\WWII\WWII.gdb and double click on WWII.gdb.
Name your layer Private_Leslie. Note: you may need to change the Save as type to File and Personal
Geodatabase feature classes.
8. Click Save and OK to save the new feature class.
9. Click Yes to add the exported data to the map as a layer.
10. Remove the PrivateCharlesLeslieMorley Events layer from your table of contents by right-clicking the layer
and selecting Remove.
11. Right-click on the Private_Leslie layer and click Properties. Click the Symbology tab on the Layer
Properties dialog box.
12. Choose the Unique values option under Categories in the left-hand renderer list.
13. You will import a layer symbology file in ArcMap to change the symbology of your new layer. To do this, click
the Import button on the Symbology tab of the Layer Properties dialog box.
14. Under the Import Symbology window, select the option Import symbology definition from another layer in
the map or from a layer file.
15. Click the Browse button , then navigate to C:WWII to select PrivateMorley.lyr layer file from which to
import symbols. Then, click Add and then OK to close the Import Symbology window.
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16. The Import Symbology Matching Dialog window will now appear. Make sure that under Value Field, NAME
is the field selected to match the field used in the imported symbology definition. Then, click OK to close the
dialog box.
17. Click OK once again to close the Layer Properties window.
18. You will now label your newly created layer. Open the Layer
Properties window of the Private_Leslie layer. To do this, rightclick on the layer in the table of contents and select Properties.
19. Click
on
the
Labels
tab.
Then,
click
on
the
button. The Symbol Selector window will now appear. Choose
make sure that the Size is set to 8.
20. Click on the
Symbol Style and
button, select the Mask tab and choose Halo.
21. Click OK twice to go back to the Layer Properties window.
22. Under Other Options, click the
button.
23. The Placement Properties window will open. Make sure that the Offset label horizontally around the point is
selected. Click on the
button.
24. Under the Initial point placement window, select Prefer Center Right, all allowed.
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25. Click OK three times to close all windows.
26. To display your labels, right-click the Private_Leslie layer in the table of contents and select Label Features.
Your map should look like the one below.
27. It is time to save your work. Click on the Save
button.
Making history come alive – adding attachments to a feature class
You will learn how to include feature class attachments. When using the option to display HTML pop-ups as a
table of visible fields, feature class attachments will be displayed automatically as part of the pop-up. For
example, a number of pictures, documents, and other attachments can be added to a feature class. These
attachments will be included as part of the HTML pop-up.
Note: An ArcEditor or ArcInfo license is required to enable attachments or edit feature classes with
attachments. If you are using an ArcGIS for Desktop Basic (ArcView) license, add attachments using the
Hyperlink tool.
To add file attachments, you first need to enable attachments on the feature class. When you enable attachments,
ArcGIS creates a new table to contain the attachment files and a new relationship class to relate the features to
the attached files. You add attachments to the features during an edit session.
1. On the right side of your ArcMap window, you will find two tabs. Place your cursor over the Catalog tab and if
needed click on it to open. The Catalog Tree window will open. If you do not see this, click on the Catalog
window
button on the Standard toolbar.
2. Click on the Connect to folder
C:\WWII and then click OK.
button. The Connect to Folder window will now appear. Navigate to
Note: If you do not see the Catalog tab, go to Windows menu and select
Catalog.
3. Under Location, use the drop-down menu to select C:\WWII. You will notice that the path will be highlighted in
grey.
4. Double-click the C:\WWII path and then double-click the WWII.gdb to display the contents. The Catalog tree
should look like the screenshot to the right.
5. Right-click the Private_Leslie feature class to which you want to add attachments, point to Attachments and
then click Create Attachments. ArcGIS will add a new table to contain the attached files and a relationship
class to manage the link between the features and their attachments.
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6. Click the auto hide
button twice to close the Catalog tree window.
7. You will now change the name of the Private_Leslie layer to Private Charles Leslie Morley. If you
do not remember how to do this, please refer to step 15 of Part I.
8. Now you are ready to add attachments to your feature class. Click the Editor menu on the Editor toolbar and
click Start Editing.
9. The Start Editing window will now appear. Choose the Private Charles Leslie Morley layer and then click OK.
Caution: Make sure to choose the layer not the dbf table.
10. Close the Create Features window and open the Private Charles Leslie Morley’s attribute table.
11. Right-click the gray cell to the left of the Camp Borden record and click Open Attachment Manager.
12. Click the Add button and browse to C:WWII\Attachments\Private Charles Leslie Morley. Select the files Camp
Borden #1.jpg to Camp Borden #5.jpg. Then, click Add.
13. When you finish adding the files, click OK to close the window.
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14. Click the Editor toolbar to open the drop-down menu. Select the Save Edits
click the Stop Editing
button and then
button.
15. Close the attribute table of Private Charles Leslie Morley layer.
16. Click the HTML Popup tool
on the Tools toolbar and click the Camp Borden feature to view the
attachments.
17. You will now set the field visibility. To do this, open the Properties
Layer window of the Private Charles Leslie Morley layer. Click
on the Fields tab and under Choose which fields will be visible,
unselect the OBJECTID, TYPE and SHAPE fields.
18. Click OK to close the Layer Properties window.
19. Click the Save
button.
Your map should look like the one below.
20. Close the HTML popup window.
On July 14th, 1940, Les and the rest of the Essex Scottish Regiment left Camp Borden by train for
Halifax, Nova Scotia. Two days later they were headed for Scotland aboard the E53 transport carrier in
a convoy escorted by the HMS Revenge.
21. Go to Bookmarks and select Halifax, Nova Scotia.
Private Charles Leslie Morley traveled from Halifax, Nova Scotia to Gourock, Scotland aboard the E53 transport
carrier. Using the Measure tool, you will determine how many kilometres Private Morley traveled from Halifax to
Gourock, Scotland.
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22. Click the Measure tool
on the Tools toolbar.
23. Click the Choose Units button. Select Distance and make sure that Kilometers is selected.
24. Place your cursor on the Halifax point and click once to start measuring. A line will now appear.
Note: The line will not disappear while you do steps 23 and 24.
25. Go to Bookmarks, scroll down and select the United Kingdom bookmark.
26. Place your cursor on the Gourock point and double-click to end the line. The distance will be displayed on
the Measure dialog box.
 How many kilometres did Private Charles Leslie Morley travel from Halifax to Gourock?
27. Close the Measure window by clicking the
button.
You will now explore the events that Private Charles Morley lived in England during World War II.
After arrival in Gourock, Scotland on August 2nd, 1940 the regiment proceeded to Camp Aldershot in
England. While there Les was involved in various training exercises for the next 2 years. These training
exercises involved travels across England to experience varying terrains and focus on anti invasion
tactics. In May, 1942, the Essex Scottish were transferred to the Isle of Wight to commence rehearsals
for beach invasions, boat work, assault courses, unarmed combat and speed marches on a stretch of the
Devonshire coast. Having been stationed in England for two years the Canadian forces were keen to
see action and felt it was coming soon despite the secrecy of the mission information. There were no
efforts to communicate anything to the troops.
Yet on July 4th 1942, the Essex Scottish was to be included in a raid on the port city of Dieppe France, in
Operation Rutter. Troops loaded into landing craft were told they were completing Exercise Klondike
although it was in fact an actual operation. Amphibious raids are governed by the moon, the tide, and
weather conditions. Due to weather conditions Operation Rutter was postponed then eventually
cancelled. Although the Canadian troops were disappointed; this raid was revived and renamed
Operations Jubilee. During early August Les moved to Middleton on the Sea in Sussex where until
August 10th he ran in full battle gear, studied maps, and reviewed his specific raid tasks in preparation
of operational duty.
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Lessons for ArcGIS
Analyzing World War II
28. Follow the same steps to measure the distance that Private Leslie traveled between Gourock to Middleton on
the Sea. Use the essay description to obtain accurate distance.
On August 12, 1942 at 0300 hours, Les boarded a landing craft, the Glengyle, the Prince Leopold or the
Prince Charles en route towards the most devastating battle in Essex Scottish history. Les and the Essex
Scottish Regiment were assigned to Red Beach, which was the left side of the main assault on the Port of
Dieppe. At approximately 0515 hours bombardment from 4 inch guns on the destroyers Garth,
Bleasdale, Berkley, and Albrighton commenced until the landing crafts touched down. Smoke screens
were laid by the airforce and Hurricane fighters attacked the German gun placement. Les and the Essex
Scottish hit the main beach together at the correct spots and within 3 minutes of their projected landing
time. Regrettably, the landing crafts transporting tank reinforcements were 10 to 15 minutes late
resulting in a lull between the sea and air bombardment and tank support. Yet at 1100 hour after
running out of ammunition any survivors of the Essex Scottish were ordered to do just that- retreat.
Sadly, most of the landing crafts assigned to Red Beach had been lost or accidently landed on other
beaches.
Private Charles Leslie Morley was placed on the “X” or missing list on August 20th 1942. Les would
eventually be declared killed in action in December of the same year. His remains are found at Des
Verus Hautot-Sur Mer, France. Charles Leslie Morley died at the age of 27 fighting for justice and
freedom for his family, his friends, his community, his country, and fellow human beings. He may be
gone, but he will not be forgotten.
29. Close the Measure
tool and click on the
Select Elements button.
30. Go to Bookmarks, scroll down and select Dieppe, Red beach bookmark.
Note: It may take some time to load.
31. Add the following attachments to your map. Refer to steps 8 to 16 if needed. Note: Make sure you save your
edits and stop the editing session.
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Lessons for ArcGIS
Analyzing World War II
Record
Attachment options
Landing Point
Landing Point # 1 to Landing Point # 6
Beach crest
Breach Crest # 1 to Beach Crest # 3
Advance1
Advance1 # 1
Advance2
Advance2 # 1 and Advance2 # 2
Monument
Monument # 1 to Monument # 4
Private’s Grave
Grave # 1 to Grave #3
Note: Use the Private Charles Morley’s Grave Bookmark to add attachments to the Private’s Grave
record. Bookmarks may take some time to load.
32. Once you finish adding attachments to the feature class, click on the Save
button.
Mapping your Results
Choose one of the data frames to create a map. Remember to activate the data frame first. Use the Cartographic
Box below to verify that your map is complete. If you need assistance creating you layouts, refer to the Creating
a Layout in ArcGIS tutorial: http://www.esri.ca/k12_docs/2012_Layout9x.pdf
Cartographic Box:
Does your map have the following?
(Circle one)
1) Title
YES/NO
2) Scale
YES/NO
3) North Arrow **
YES/NO
4) Legend
YES/NO
5) Border (frame or margin)
YES/NO
6) Name/Date
YES/NO
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Lessons for ArcGIS
Analyzing World War II
Extension Exercise: June 6, 1944 D-Day
15,000 members of the Canadian Army as well as hundreds of members of the Royal Canadian Air Force and the
crews of 60 vessels participated in the landings in Normandy as part of an invasion force of some 150,000 Allies
(there were 1,074 Canadian casualties on D-Day, including 359 deaths). The struggle involved virtually the whole
country and made enormous demands on the Canadian people, whether they were involved in the actual fighting
or remained on the home front to work in industry of farming to support the war effort.
Private Thomas Issac Brina Catcher
Regimental number B38180
Unit R.H.L.I. C.A.S.F. DEPOT
Stormont, Dundas and Glengarry Highlanders, R.C.I.C. often referred as SD&G
Canadian Active Service Force
Private Thomas Isaac Brina Catcher was a Canadian soldier who lost his life during World War II. He was born in
French River, Ontario on February 1st, 1923. French River, also known as Rivière-des-Français, is a municipality
in the Canadian province of Ontario, in the Sudbury District. Thomas Isaac Brina Catcher was often referred to by
family and friends as Tom. Tom had four brothers and two sisters. His father, John Catcher was a veteran home
guard soldie who served for Canada in World War I. Tom attended Allen & Bigwood School in Sudbury and
attended one year of high school in Manotick. He enlisted in Hamilton, Ontario on July 27th, 1940 at the age of 17
years old.
Private Thomas Isaac Brina Catcher lost his life in action at the age of 21 on July 9, 1944 in France. His remains
of Private Thomas Isaac Brina Catcher were carefully exhumed from the original place of interment and reverently
reburied in grave 13, row F, plot 10 of Beny-sur-Mer, a Canadian Military Cementery in France. During World War
II, Private Thomas Isaac Brina’s regiment guarded the St. Lawrence canals. Mobilization came in June 1940, and
the Regiment absorbed companies from the Princess of Wales' Own Regiment and the Brockville Rifles to form
an overseas battalion that went to England in 1941 as part of the 9th (Highland) Brigade, 3rd Canadian Infantry
Division.
Tom landed at Juno Beach on June 6, 1944. Juno Beach was the code name of one of the five main landing sites
of the Allied invasion of the coast of Normandy on D-Day during World War II. It was situated between Sword
Beach and Gold Beach. It is also known as the Canadian beach, as it was assigned to the 3rd Canadian Infantry
Division (Private Thomas Isaac Brina Catcher’s division). It was the first regiment to enter Caen, reaching the
centre of the city at 1300 hours, July 9, 1944. Private Thomas I. B. Catcher was a soldier messenger and lost his
life after surviving one of the most deadly landings at Juno Beach due to a mine. Private Thomas died for his
country in an effort to deliver a message to the front line. Fifty-five days later, 112 soldiers from the Stormont,
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Lessons for ArcGIS
Analyzing World War II
Dundas and Glengarry Highlanders had been killed in action and 312 more wounded. He may be gone, but he will
not be forgotten.
It was said of the Regiment that it "never failed to take an objective; never lost a yard of ground; never lost a man
taken prisoner in offensive action." Altogether 3,342 officers and men served overseas with the SD&G, of whom
278 were killed and 781 wounded; 74 decorations and 25 battle honours were awarded.
Using PrivateThomasCatcher.dbf table, follow all the steps of Part C of this lesson. Below the attachments that
can be used to create a map.
Record
Attachment options
Camp Borden
Camp Borden #1 to Camp Borden #5
Normandy Coast
Normandy Coast #1 to Normandy Coast #7
Promenade de Français
Promenade de Français #1 and #2
Monument
Monument #1 to Monument # 4
Private’s Grave
Grave #1 to Grave #5
Any record
PrivateThomas #1
© 2012 Esri Canada All rights reserved. Trademarks provided under license from Environmental Systems Research Institute Inc. Other product and company names mentioned herein may
be trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective owners. Errors and omissions excepted.
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