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1 CH 5 Rocks I. _______________________________- a mixture of minerals, glass, or organic matter bound together • Ex. _________________________ is a mixture of: 1.__________________________ 2.__________________________ 3.__________________________ 4.__________________________ 5.Other minerals II. Rock Cycle • Process by which rocks change to become other rocks. • ____________________ & ____________________________ • ____________________________ & _________________________ • __________________________& ____________________________ • __________________________ & ___________________________ ROCK CYCLE 2 III. _____________________________________________________ "the present is the key to the past" -_____________________________________________ • _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ • The present physical features of the Earth were formed by these processes, at work over long periods. IV. Igneous Rock - Rock formed by: -________________& hardening of ___________________ material from a volcano - Formed where? -___________________________________________________________________ - Classified by ____________________________________________________ A. ______________________________________________________________ - rocks that form _____________________Earth's surface from ________________ magma • only seen at surface after soil & other rocks are _______________ away. • Ex. _____________________, _____________________________ B_________________________________________________________________ - rocks that form ___________________ Earth's surface from ___________ or volcanic ash. • Ex. _______________, _________________, ____________________, _______________ 3 • Magma - _____________________________________________________________ • Lava- ________________________________________________________________ 2 Types of Magma • __________________________ • __________________________ * both are hot solutions of silicates * temp. 6000C - 12000C Felsic • __________________________________________________ • ___________________________ • __________________________________________________ • High ________________________ content • Composition of most ____________________________ rocks • Ex. of rocks: ___________________ & _________________________ Mafic • ___________________________________________________________ • Low % of ____________________________________________________ • Dense, thinner, more fluid ___________________________________________________ • Magma rich in _____________ & _______________________ (ferromagnesian minerals). • Ex. of rocks: _____________________, ________________ & ___________________ 4 F. Texture • -Characteristic structure of a rock given by its: • __________________ • __________________ • Arrangement of atoms 3 Things That Effect Crystal Size • _____________________________________________________________________ • _____________________________________________________________________ • _____________________________________________________________________ Crystal Size & Cooling 5 4 Types of Texture • __________________________ • __________________________ • __________________________ • __________________________ 1. Coarse Grain • Texture in which ___________________ _________________ ___________ can be seen easily • Magma cooled ______________________ • Ex. _______________________ 2. Fine Grain • Texture in which _________ ___________ grains can be seen with a ___________________ • Cools _____________________ • Ex. _________________ 3. Glassy • Texture in which _______ crystals form • Lava hardens __________ ________________ at surface. • Ex. __________________________ 6 4. Porphyry • Texture which features ___________ __________________ crystal sizes • _________________ crystals surrounded by _________________ grained rock. • Ex. _______________________ 3 Families of Igneous Rocks • ____________________ • ____________________ • ____________________ 1. Granite Family • Mostly composed of ____________________ _______________ & __________________, other minerals include ______________ & __________________ • ________________ magmas • Color ranges gray - pink due to __________________ • Ex. ___________________, ___________________, ___________________________ A. Pumice • __________________ lava • _____________________ • ______________________ • Hardens while steam & gases bubble out • Contains many ___________________ holes 7 B. Obsidian • ______________________ glass • ______________________ fracture • same minerals as _______________ C. Granite • ________________ magma • __________________ • _________________ grained • Most common ____________________ igneous rock • ___________ ____________ Rocky Mts. • _______ _______________ in the Black Hills 2. Gabbro Family • ______________________magmas • Low in _____________, high in __________________________ minerals • Dark in ____________ Ex. _____________, _______________, _____________ a. Basalt • _______________ grained • _____________________ • Igneous rock of the ___________ ________________ • Color dark _____________ to _________________ • Most common rock formed from ________ 8 ____________ • ______________ & ________________ are volcanic Islands composed of _______________ b. Gabbro • Mafic • ____________ grained • ______________________ C. Scoria • _____________ • ________________ • _____________ than pumice • contains trapped gases ____________________ 3. Diorite Family • - Color & composition between Granite & Gabbro Ex. Diorite- ______________ Andesite - extrusive
