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Download 15.3 Taxonomy - the classification and naming of organisms
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15.3 TAXONOMY – THE CLASSIFICATION AND NAMING OF ORGANISMS Taxonomy is a branch of biology that classifies and names organisms in a systematic way. Study the diagrams below; they summarise what you learnt about classification in Chapter 2. KINGDOM DIVISION PLANTS MOSSES CONIFERS FERNS monocots CLASS KINGDOM PHYLUM CLASS FLOWERING PLANTS dicots ANIMALS ARTHROPODS ANNELID WORMS MOLLUSCS insects arachnids crustaceans myriapods VERTEBRATES fish amphibians reptiles birds mammals The most general level of classification is kingdom. KINGDOM All living organisms belong to one of five kingdoms: PHYLUM or DIVISION plants, animals, fungi, monera or protista. Each CLASS kingdom is divided into a number of phyla (or ORDER divisions in the case of plants) such as ferns or FAMILY molluscs. Each phylum is divided into classes such GENUS as monocots, insects or fish. The classes are SPECIES divided into orders, the orders are divided into families, the families are divided into genera (singular genus), and finally each genus is divided into species. The scientific name of an organism has two parts; the genus name (spelt with a capital letter) followed by the species name (with a small letter). Here are some examples: The coconut tree is the only species that belongs to the genus Cocos in the Palm family. The Palm family is in the order Arecales, in the class Monocots, in the division Flowering-plants in the kingdom Plants! The scientific name of the coconut tree is Cocos cocos! There are many species of mosquitoes. The ones that spread malaria belong to the genus Anopheles in the family Culicids, in the order Diptera, in the class Insects, in the phylum Arthropods, in the kingdom Animals. The scientific name of the species in the picture is Anopheles albimanus. Humans belong to the genus Homo in the family Hominids, in the order Primates, in the class Mammals, in the phylum Vertebrates in the kingdom Animals. The scientific name for humans is Homo sapiens which means ‘wise man’. Ancient cave men belonged to the species Homo neanderthalenis. 1. A system for classifying and naming organisms, similar to the one described in this module was first published in 1735. Who published it? 15 - 3 2. In biology, what is meant by: (i) classification, (ii) taxonomy, (iii) kingdom, (iv) family? 3. What are (i) Cocos cocos, (ii) Homo sapiens?
