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American Imperialism: Notes The Frontier is Now CLOSED! - Fredrick Jackson Turner proclaimed that the American Frontier was “____________”as a result of the 1890 census. o Fears arose about the disappearance of __________ ______________. o People believed America needed to find ____________ areas for resources. The White Man’s Burden - Those who believed in __________ _____________ believed it was America’s destiny to expand even more. o These people saw all nations/races of people like ___________ and that it was natural for the United States to take over other peoples, like parents taking care of ______________. - Rudyard’s Kipling’s poem “The _________ _______’s _____________ expressed the “___________” obligation for America to take care of the rest of the world. o This can also be described as “_______________ of Righteousness.” Building the Empire - The Good ___________ Policy explains the ___________ the United States signed with its Latin American and Caribbean neighbors which allowed the United States to __________ their local economies. o For this policy to work it depended on there being __________in Latin America. - The United States government began to give more ___________ to the Navy. o Capt. Alfred Thayer Mahan’s the Influence of Sea Power Upon American History stated that international strength of the US depended on having _________ markets and control of __________. This helped to ____________ American foreign policy. - The ___________ _______________ was used to rid _______________ influence from the Western Hemisphere (ISOLATION) o This now also called for the United States to be the _______ imperial influence in the hemisphere (INTERVENTION) o America’s _______________ policy focused on the western hemisphere. Alaska & Hawaii - William H. Seward began the increase in American _______________ in the western hemisphere. o He negotiated the ____________ of Alaska from Russia. ( Seward’s Folly) o He also used the ___________ ____________ to force France out of Mexico (which gives the US more _______________ there!) - The basis for the Hawaiian economy is __________. In 1887 the United States signed a treaty to open up ________ ______________. o American corporations began to buy up sugar ______________. o In 1891 Queen Liliuokalani issued a _______________ that gave her more power since she was afraid the US was becoming too powerful there. o The Americans on the islands overthrew the queen and in 1898 the United States ______________ the islands of Hawaii. Hawaii was seen as a ____________ _________ to Asian markets. China and Japan - The Open Door Policy is a concept in foreign affairs stating that, in principle, all nations should have equal ________________and _______________ trade rights in China - The _____________ Rebellion took place in China when Chinese nationalists rebelled against American and European influence there - Japan was forced to open up trade with west in 1853 when Commodore ____________ __________ landed in the country - The Russo-Japanese War in 1905 was fought over __________________. The Japanese defeated the Russians and President _______________ mediated a peace settlement. “The Splendid Little War”: The Spanish American War: April-August, 1898 - 1896 election: ____________ campaigns for _____________ expansion, which he claimed would serve ____________ and _______________ goals as well. - In the 1860’s there is the ____________________ movement occurring in Cuba against Spain called __________ ____________. o The Spanish are unable to keep peace in Cuba and Gen. Weyler resorts to ___________ methods and______________ o Did the US support the Cuban independence movement? __________ Causes: Economic: Political: Social: - The ________________ Amendment was added the Declaration of War which pledge to make Cuba an __________________ country, not a colony - Theodore Roosevelt resigned his position as Secretary of the Navy in order to ____________ in Cuba o He was an ______________ and really wanted this war o Emerges as a war hero as the leader of the ____________ _____________. - Commodore George Dewey led the fight in the ____________________ with the Navy o He __________________ the Spanish fleet in Manila Bay - The Spanish ________________ and the United States gain control of Cuba, the Philippines, Guam, and its influence in Puerto Rico America’s New Empire - The __________ Amendment ( to the Cuban Constitution): o Requires that America has a base in Cuba ( __________________ _________) o Cuba must ________ the United States back for the cost of the SpanishAmerican War o Cuba cannot sign any __________ ____________ without the consent of the US - The United States bought the _________________ from Spain due to the treaty signed from the Spanish American War o The islands were hard to ____________ due to so many islands and many ethnic groups o Emilio Aguilnaldo established a revolutionary __________________ and founded a resistance against ___________________ imperialism o The Philippine were eventually given independence by the United States in __________. - Should colonies be treated like states? o The ____________ Cases ruled that colonies are not like states and that Congress COULD set _____________ on their products coming into the US Also rules that ______________________ rights were not granted to those living in colonies - The Panama Canal o The United State wanted to ______________ the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans o The United States wanted to build it in______________, but Colombia ( which owned it) refused the offer o Roosevelt sent ____________ to help the rebels in Panama fight against the Colombians o In 1903 Panama were recognized by the US as an _______________ county o Panama allowed for the construction of the___________ which was completed in 1915