Download Ancient Egyptian Civilization

Ancient Egyptian Civilization
I.
The Big Picture
A. Other Civilizations
1. north- European people were
developing islands and peninsulas
across Mediterranean Sea
2. west- Africans are finding ways to
survive in the Sahara desert
3. south- Nubia was thriving b/c of
gold mines and trade networks
4. east- Asian communities forming in
present day Israel, Jordan,
Lebanon, Syria, and Iraq
5. each had different resources,
products, ideas to share
II. New Rulers In Egypt
A. Egypt’s Middle Kingdom
1. 2100 B.C-1700B.C.
2. Egypt’s contact with others
increased
a. Pharaoh’s armies conquered
Nubia and used the gold mines
b. Egyptian traders increased
business with western Asia
i. Trade grew and people
moved
ii. 1650 B.C.-Hyksos
challenged the pharaoh.
B. War with the Hyksos
1. Rulers of Hill-Lands (Greek for
Hyksos)
a. For 100 years, Hyksos ruled
Lower Egypt
b. Used horses, chariots, strong
bronze weapons, and bows and
arrows to defeat Egypt
c. Egypt continued to control
Upper Egypt
2. Egypt Strikes Back
a. Learned from Hyksos
i. Copied weapons and
chariots
ii. Rallied behind Pharaoh
Ahmose
b. Egypt took back the delta
c. Defeat of Hyksos marked the
beginning of The New
Kingdom
d. Ahmose vowed to create
strongest military in area
III. Expansion and Trade
A. Egypt as an empire
1. empire- group of lands and people
ruled by one gov’t
2. Leaders win land back
a. Nubia
b. Present-day Israel
3. Economy of the Empire
a. No longer revolved around the
Nile
b. Empire had other valuable
resources from conquered
lands
B. Across Land and Sea
1. New Kingdom traders
a. Spread far and wide
b. Ships loaded with golden
jewelry, linen cloth, and
papyrus sailed from Egypt
c. Ships returned with silver,
timber, and wine
d. Remains of oil jars and
paintings from present-day
Greece have been found
2. Kush- most important trading
partner
a. South of Egypt
b. Egypt gained control when
Nubia was conquered
c. Gained control of rich trade
routes to other African
kingdoms
i. Traded ebony, leopard
skins, and elephant ivory
(from elephant tusks)
d. Owned reserves of gold,
copper, and precious stones
C. Hatshepsut
1. one of Egypt’s few female
pharaohs
2. wife of a pharaoh and a princess
3. when he died, the only male left to
become pharaoh was her 10 yr old
stepson
4. She claimed he was too young and
became his co-ruler
D. Hatshepsut’s Trading Journey
1. 8 years into her reign
2. organized biggest trading
expedition ever
3. expedition- group of people who go
on a trip for a specific reason
4. goal was to trade with Punt
5. scribes, soldiers, artists, and
attendants traveled east to Red Sea
and south in 5 sleek ships
6. Egyptians welcomed by king and
queen of Punt
7. Egypt traded jewelry, papyrus, and
bronze weapons for gold, perfume,
8. ivory, leopard skins, live apes, and
incense trees
9. Scribes carefully recorded exactly
what was on each boat
10. several leaders from Punt also
returned with them to visit Egypt
11. expedition lasted 2 years
IV. Moving Ideas
A. Medicine
1. doctors were priests who had
studied in temple schools
2. For thousands of years priests had
noted illnesses and treatments.
Then, scribes wrote this info down
making the first medical textbooks.
B. Math and Science
1. knew a lot of math
2. knew astronomy (study of the stars)