Download EARTH SCIENCE FINAL EXAM REVIEW SHEET

EARTH SCIENCE
FINAL EXAM REVIEW SHEET
NAME ________________
You may use one 8 ½ x 11 sheet of paper with handwritten notes on your final exam
NOT THIS SHEET!
Oceans- chapters 21 and 22
1. What rock makes up the ocean floor?
2. Describe factors that change the salinity of ocean water.
Increase salinity
Decrease salinity
3. Explain how the Coriolis Effect influences ocean currents.
4. How does El Nino form?
What affects does El Nino have?
Minerals- chapter 9
1. Identify common minerals from a description
galena, quartz , olivine, calcite, biotite, halite, talc
2. Identify (with proper terms) and recognize mineral properties
luster
cleavage
streak
hardness
3. Recognize a mineral’s hardness using data and Moh’s scale
fingernailpennynailglass4. Define a mineral using the scientific definition
ECONOMIC GEOLOGY- chapter 11
1. List the fossils fuels
2. Recognize renewable and non-renewable forms of energy
3. What is reclamation?
4. Describe the floatation method in iron processing.
5. What does petroleum originate from?
Rocks- Chapter 10
1. Determine the differences between a rock and a mineral
2. Explain how one rock type and turn into another (rock cycle)
Igneous
sedimentary
igneous → metamorphic
Sedimentary → metamorphic
sedimentary→ igneous
Metamorphic → igneous
metamorphic→ sedimentary
3. Compare intrusive and extrusive rock
4. Classify sedimentary rocks as clastic, chemical or bioclastic
5. Recognize foliation
6. Relate original rock type (parent) to metamorphic rocks
marble
quartzite
slate
gneiss
FIERY EARTH- chapter 7
1. What are some examples of a composite volcano?
2. How are hot spot volcanoes different from other volcanoes?
3.Compare the amount of silica in lava with the eruption type of a volcano.
4. Calculate the speed of a tectonic plate from hot spot islands.
Weathering, Soil and Mass Movements- chapter 12
1. Recognize examples of mechanical (physical) weathering
frost wedgingexfoliationabrasion2. Recognize example of chemical weathering
oxidationhydrolysis
carbonation/dissolution (rock type?) 3. Describe how to neutralize acid rain.
4. Explain the formation of soil
5. Recognize various types of mass movements
rockfall
lahar
slump
avalanche
creep
6. Explain what triggers mass movements
8. Explain how a cave forms
9. Be able to use the soil triangle to determine a soil type
Describe the usefulness of different types of soil
LoamsandyClaysiltRecognize minerals that are most resistant to weathering?
Least resistant?
WATER- chapters 13 and 14
1. Define watershed
2. Diagram the path of the Great Lakes
3. Determine the age of a river from evidence (early vs. late stage)
4. Define the following river terms: meander
point bar
undercut slope
oxbow lake
5. Recognize an artesian well on a cross section
6. Define the water table
7. Relate permeability to particle size
8. Locate good aquifers on a cross section. What is a confined aquifer?
9. Locate a good place to bury toxic waste on a cross section
10. Describe how wetlands benefit the environment
11. Where is the largest amount of fresh water located?
GLACIERS- Chapter 15
1. Describe how these glacier features formed and what they look like:
morainekettle lakestriationsdrumlineskererratic3. Compare till with stratified drift
4. Explain how erratics help support that the glaciers were over Michigan.
5. How long ago did the glaciers cover Michigan?
6. What is the pattern of Michigan moraines?
WIND AND WAVE EROSION- chapter 16
1. Explain how wind weathers rocks differently than water
2. Determine the direction of a long shore current from groin photos.
TECTONICS- Chapters 4 and 6
1. Recognize what forms at the following plate boundaries
continental – continental convergencesubducion (ocean- continental) zonesdivergent boundaries2. Locate common earthquake zones and volcano zones
3. Describe the layers of the Earth and how we know about each layer
layer
description
How we know?
crust
Mantle
Outer core
Inner core
4. How is ocean crust different from continental crust? Which rock makes up the each type of crust?
5. Describe the theory which explains the movement of plates. What layer of the Earth are these located?
6. What is Pangaea?
7.What evidence did Wegner have for his Continental Drift theory?
8. Explain why Wegner’s continental drift theory was rejected.
9. What causes tsunamis?
10. Which type of plate boundary would deep earthquakes occur?
11. Explain what you should do if you are in an earthquake.
12. Describe earthquake waves:
P wave
S wave
Surface waves13. What does the Mercalli scale measure?
14. Recognize the 3 types of faults and the stress involved with each
normal
reverse
strike-slip
GEOLOGIC TIME- chapters 17 and 18
1. Identify common fossils from descriptions or pictures
brachiopodscolonial coral
trilobitescrinoids2. Order the events in a cross section; see below for practice
3. What conditions are needed for the following to form?
sandstonelimestonebasaltmetamorphic rock4. Determine the age of a sample from D/P ratios
example) 100 grams of daughter and 20 grams of parent. One half life= 6,000 years. How old?
5. Define relative dating techniques
Law of superposition,
Law of cross cutting,
Law of original horizontalityLaw of inclusions6. Where are the youngest rocks in the Michigan basin?
7. How are the division between geologic ERA’s determined?