Download Sociology 100, Spring Quarter 2007

Sociology 100, Spring Quarter 2007
Review Guide for Exam #3: Friday, May 18, 2007
The exam will consist of any combination of the following: multiple choice, short answer,
matching, and fill in the blank. Questions on the exam are based on the following
materials: Henslin textbook, Chapters 7 & 9; Howard Readings 10, 11, & 14; and the video
“Eye of the Storm.” As suggested for the previous two exams, know more than just
definitions; study so that you can apply theories and concepts as well. Good luck!!
What is social stratification? Be able to identify the different types of stratification systems
discussed in class: slavery, caste, race, gender, global
What does it mean to be in an “open” or “closed” system of stratification? How do ascribed and
achieved statuses relate to an open or closed system of stratification?
What is inequality? How does it relate to privilege and disadvantage?
What is social class? What does the term “life chances” mean?
Within the functionalist framework, how do Davis & Moore explain how inequality is necessary
in society (functionalism)?
What are Melvin Tumin’s criticisms of the Davis-Moore explanation for the necessity for
inequality? What is a meritocracy?
What is the Marxist explanation of social class? What are the means of production? Who owns
the means of production? How do the ruling class (bourgeoisie) and the working class
(proletariat) relate to the means of production? What is alienation? What is false consciousness?
What is class consciousness?
How did Weber view social class? How was this view different than Marx? How did Weber
define wealth (property), power, prestige? What is occupational prestige (see pgs 206-208 in
Henslin textbook)?
What is socioeconomic status (SES)? How do sociologists measure socioeconomic status (SES)?
What are life chances? How does one’s class location affect that individual’s life chances? (see
Henslin, pgs. 214-215 “Consequences of Social Class”)
How did Erik Olin Wright update Marx’s class model? Why? Be able to explain the following
four classes Wright used in his model: capitalist, petty bourgeoisie, managers, and working. Also
be able to explain the concept of contradictory class location for managers.
What is social mobility? Be able to identify the different types of mobility: vertical, horizontal,
intergenerational, intragenerational
What is poverty? According to the U.S. Census, what is the poverty threshold? (In other words,
what is the poverty line?) What are the measures of need that the U.S. Census considers when
setting a poverty threshold/poverty line?
What is the difference between absolute poverty and relative poverty?
Gans reading (Howard book): How is poverty functional for society, especially for “nonpoor
groups” in American society? What are the economic, social, and political functions that
poverty/the poor provide in American society? What is “dirty work”? What are some of the
functional alternatives that Gans suggests?
What is the “structural explanation” for poverty? What is deindustrialization? How have the
disappearance of manufacturing jobs and the status of women in the labor market influenced the
postindustrial shift in American society?
What is the “individual level” explanation for poverty? What is the culture of poverty thesis?
Kozol reading (Howard book): how does Kozol illustrate the relationship between education,
class, and life chances? How does social mobility also relate to the story Kozol presents?
How is race defined? What is meant by the social construction of race? What is the “one drop
rule”? How can race be described as both a “myth” and “reality”? (See Henslin text, p. 260)
What examples from the video “Eye of The Storm” illustrate how race is socially constructed?
What is the difference between a majority (dominant) group and a minority (subordinate) group?
What are the characteristics for minority group membership?
What is racial stratification? What is a biracial system of stratification? Tri-racial system
(according to Bonilla-Silva)?
What is ethnicity? What are the characteristics for belonging to an ethnic group? Who are white
ethnics? Who are WASPs? How are white ethnics different than WASPs?
What is racialization? What is ethnic work? What is an ethnic enclave?
What is a stereotype? What is scapegoating? What is prejudice? Discrimination? Racism? Color
blind racism? Overt racism? Hidden racism?
What did DuBois mean by “the veil” and “double consciousness”? (See Howard reading)
What factors influence prejudice? What is a stereotype?
What does it mean to “scapegoat”? Why do people practice scapegoating?
What did Adorno mean by an “authoritarian personality”? What characteristics make up an
authoritarian personality?
What is the difference between individual discrimination and institutional discrimination?
What is Merton’s typology of prejudice and discrimination? What are the four types he
identified? (unprejudiced discriminator, prejudiced discriminator, unprejudiced nondiscriminator,
prejudiced discriminator—be sure that you have examples for these!)
What is meant by the “invisible knapsack”? (see p. 277 of Henslin text-box)
How does the functionalist perspective view race in society? How can racial inequality be
functional in society?
How are prejudice, discrimination, and racism dysfunctional for society?
How does the conflict perspective view race in society?
For conflict theorists, what is split labor market theory? How does race play a role in split labor
market theory? What relationship does the reserve labor force have with capitalists in the split
labor market?
What was William Julius Wilson’s perspective on the “race versus class” debate? What is the
urban underclass? What is residential segregation? How has Wilson’s perspective been
criticized by other sociologists?
What is the internal colonialism model of race relations in the United States?
What is Omi & Winant’s theory of racial formation? How is it different from other conflict
theory explanations of race?
From a symbolic interactionist perspective, what is the contact hypothesis?
What is selective perception? How does labeling affect how we see someone racially or
ethnically? How does the “self-fulfilling prophecy” relate to labeling?
What is racial and ethnic identity? What does the term “identity negotiation” mean? How do
self-definitions, group membership and definition by others related to identity negotiation?
What are the global patterns of intergroup relations identified in the Henslin text (pgs. 272-274)?
[segregation, assimilation (cultural, structural), cultural pluralism (multiculturalism), genocide,
internal colonialism, population transfer?]