Download Semester II Final Exam Review

Physics
Semester II Final Exam Review
SEMESTER II EXAM – Tuesday, June 2, 8:45-10:15am (90 minutes)
Exam Format – Multiple choice, problem solving, short answer. You must bring a pencil,
calculator, and THREE 3” x 5” note cards (both sides) of YOUR OWN formulas and notes. You
will not be given any equations or constants on the test.
The exam will count for 20% of your final semester II grade. Q3 and Q4 will each count as
40%.
Studying for your comprehensive final is your responsibility – this study guide is not meant to
be absolutely all-inclusive. It is an aid for your review.
Know and understand the following concepts. Also know how they apply to problem solving:
Ch. 8 – Kepler’s Laws and Universal Gravitation
period
Universal Law of Gravitation
ellipse
G
Kepler’s Laws
gravitational field
gravitational force
Einstein’s Theory of Gravity
Ch. 9 & 10 – Momentum, Energy, Work
impulse
momentum
Impulse-Momentum theorem
conservation of momentum
energy
Ch. 11 – Forms and Conservation of Energy
energy
work
kinetic energy
potential energy
gravitational potential energy
reference level (h = 0)
kinetic energy
work
Work-Energy Theorem
work done by a 2D force
power
mechanical energy
conservation of mechanical energy
conservation of momentum
elastic collision
inelastic collision
Ch. 20 & 21 – Electric Charge, Force and Potential
triboelectric series (list itself would
coulomb (C)
be given on test)
Coulomb’s Law
electric charge
electric constant, K
like and unlike charges
test charge
attraction
electric field
repulsion
electric field lines
protons
electric potential
electrons
potential difference
neutral object
insulator
conductor
charging by contact
charging by conduction
charging by induction
ground
elementary charge, e
voltage
volt (V)
equipotential
potential difference in a uniform
electric field
capacitor
capacitance
parallel plate capacitor
farad (F)
Ch. 22 & 23 – Electric Current and Ohm’s Law
electric current
kilowatt-hour
conventional current
Ohm’s Law
battery
equivalent resistance
simple circuit
resistors in series
ampere
resistors in parallel
resistance
combination circuits
resistor
ammeter
ohm
voltmeter
power
voltage divider
Solve the following problems:
Ch. 8
1. The Earth takes 1.0 years to orbit the sun, and it maintains an average distance of 1.0 AU
during its orbit. How long does dwarf planet Eris take to orbit the sun with an average distance
of 67.668 AU?
2. How much does a 95.0-kg man weigh when he is 500.0 km above the surface of Earth (Earth’s
radius = 6380 km, mass = 5.97 x 1024 kg)? What is the strength of Earth’s gravitational field
500.0 km above its surface?
Ch. 9
3. A 26.0-g arrow leaves a bowstring at a velocity of +46 m/s.
a) What is the impulse on the arrow during its launch?
b) What is the average force that the string exerts on the arrow if the string is in contact
with the arrow for 6.0 x 10-3 s?
c) What average force does the arrow exert on the string during this interval?
4. A 60.0-kg girl with an 8.0-kg brick is sitting on frictionless ice. She throws the brick forward
at a velocity of 6.00 m/s. What is the velocity of the girl immediately after the throw (speed and
direction)?
5. A 55-kg boy is on a dock and a 110-kg raft drifts slowly toward the dock with a velocity of
0.5 m/s. The boy leaps horizontally from the dock with a velocity of 4.0 m/s and lands on the
raft. What is the raft’s speed and direction of motion (toward or away from the dock) after the
boy lands?
Ch. 10
6. You exert a constant horizontal force on 4.6 N on a textbook sliding it 0.60 m across the table
to a friend.
a) How much work do you do on the book?
b) If your friend returns the book by pushing with a force of 6.2 N at an angle of 30o
below the horizontal, how much work does she do on the book?
7. A 0.26 kg apple is at rest on the branch of an apple tree. It then falls 2.5 m to the ground.
a) How much work was done on the apple by gravity?
b) What was its kinetic energy just before hitting the ground?
c) Using your answer to part b and neglecting air resistance, what was the apple’s
velocity just before hitting the ground?
8. An electric motor has a power rating of 550 W. How much work can it do in 25 s?
Ch. 11
9. Rae Ann weighs 530 N. What is her kinetic energy as she swims at a speed of 1.2 m/s?
10. A 0.145-kg baseball is held 2.3 m above the floor. The ceiling is 3.5 m high. What is the
baseball’s gravitational potential energy
a) relative to the floor?
b) relative to the ceiling?
11. Running at 4.0 m/s, Rafael grabs a vertical rope and swings upward. Assuming air
resistance is negligible, how high does Rafael rise off the ground before stopping and swinging
down again (HINT: Use the conservation of mechanical energy)?
12. In an accident on a slippery road (ignore friction), a compact car with mass 575 kg, moving
at 15.0 m/s, smashes into the rear end of a car with mass 1575 kg moving at 5.00 m/s in the same
direction.
a) What is the final velocity if the wrecked cars lock together?
b) How much kinetic energy was lost in the collision?
c) Where did this energy go?
Ch. 20
13. Fur is near the top of the triboelectric series and Teflon is near the bottom. A Teflon rod is
rubbed against the fur and then brought near without touching a solid conducting sphere
insulated from ground.
a) Draw a picture representing the charges in the rod and sphere when they are near one
another.
b) Next, the rod touches the sphere and is then removed. Draw a picture representing the
charges in the sphere after the rod has been removed.
14. Ca2+ has a charge of +2e, and Cl– has a charge of –e. What is the magnitude of the force
between the two atoms when they are 8.5 x 10-10 m apart? Is it a repulsive or an attractive force?
Ch. 21
15. A proton is placed in an electric field and experiences a force of 2.5 x 10-12 N to the right.
What is the magnitude and direction of the electric field at the location of the proton?
16. It takes 1.92 x 10-17 J of work to move an electron from the positive plate to the negative
plate of a parallel plate capacitor. The plates are separated by .005 m and the capacitance
is 3.3 F.
a) What is the potential difference between the plates?
b) What is the magnitude of the electric field between the plates?
c) How much charge is stored on each of the plates?
Ch. 22
17. A simple circuit has a 12.0-V battery connected across a 175- resistor.
a) Draw the circuit with appropriate symbols. Show the direction of conventional current
flow using arrows.
b) How much current is flowing through the resistor?
c) At what rate is the resistor converting electrical energy into heat (i.e power)?
d) If the battery is left connected for 12 minutes, how many joules of energy will be
converted into heat?
Ch. 23
18. A battery with a potential difference of 18.0 V is placed across three resistors connected in
series. R1 = 15.0 , R2 = 9.00 , and R3 = 12.0 .
a) Draw the circuit with appropriate symbols. Show the direction of conventional current
flow using arrows.
b) Find the total current provided by the battery and the current through each resistor.
c) Find the potential difference across each resistor.
19. A battery with a potential difference of 24.0 V is placed across three resistors connected in
parallel. R1 = 100.0 , R2 = 75.0 , and R3 = 75.0 .
a) Draw the circuit with appropriate symbols. Show the direction of conventional current
flow using arrows for each branch (I, I1, I2, I3).
b) Find the total current provided by the battery and the current through each resistor.
c) Find the potential difference across each resistor.