Download Chapter 13 Study Guide

Chapter 13 Study Guide
European Society in the Age of the
Renaissance
Define the following key concepts and terms.
Write EACH term on a separate 3X5 index card.
Oligarchy
Signori
Communes
Popolo
Reconquista
Humanism
Secularism
Individualism
Spanish conversos
Hermandades
Justices of the Peace
New Christians
The Office of the Night
Italian Renaissance
Northern Renaissance
International style
Identify and explain the significance of the
following people and terms.
English Royal Council
Court of the Star Chamber
Conquest of Granada
Habsburg-Valois Wars
Pico della Minrandolla
Desiderius Erasmus
Jan van Eyck
Thomas More
Donatello
Baldassare Castiglione
Niccoló Machiavelli
Johan Gutenberg
Lorenzo Valla
François Rebalais
Concordat of Bologna
Explain the importance of the following books
and list its author
On Pleasure
The Prince
Decameron
Utopia
Gargantua and Pantagruel
The Courtier
Explain why each of the following is considered
a new monarch.
Louis XI of France
Henry VII of England
Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain
Charles VII of France
Make notes that refer to/answer the following
comments
Understand the following:
 Which communes won independence
from the nobles in the 12th century
 Which Italian powers dominated the
peninsula
 Where the first manifestations of the
Renaissance began
 What became the aristocrat’s greatest
expense
 What the official attitude towards rape
indicates
 The concept of Italian Balance of Power
 Why Italy was subjugated by outsiders
 Who predicted the French invasion of
Italy
 What was the most important factor
contributing to the beginning of the
Italian Renaissance
 The relationship between the Church
and the Renaissance
 Why women are inferior, according to
Laura Cereta
 Why the rich sponsored artists
 What Machiavelli used as a measure of
a “good” government
 The consequences of “movable type”
 What humanists argued were good
gender relations
 How the Renaissance affected women
 The northern humanists beliefs about
human nature

Who Thomas More blamed for
society’s problems

Erasmus’ key to reform
 Which social group opposed the New
Monarchs
 Which states dominated the slave trade

How the Tudors won support of the
middle class

What factors enhanced Royal authority
in Spain
Chapter 14 Study Guide
Reform and Renewal in the Christian
Church
Identify and explain the significance of the
following people and terms.
John Knox
Ulrich Zwingli
John Tetzel
Martin Luther
John Calvin
Predestination
The Elect
Transubstantiation/consubstantiation
Henry VIII
Charles V
Mary Tudor
Pope Alexander VI
Council of Trent
Tridentine Decrees
Tametsi
Counter-Reformation
Act of Restrain and Appeals
Pluralism
Simony
Benefices
Peace of Augsburg
Ninety-five Theses
Indulgences
Brethren of the Common Life
The Twelve Articles
Diet of Worms
Genevan Consistory
Michael Servetus
Pilgrimage of Grace
The Ursuline Order
Society of Jesus (Jesuits)
Index
Explain the importance of the following books
and list its author
The Imitation of Christ
Appeal to the Christian Nobility of the German
Nation
The Institutes of the Christian Religion
Define the basic beliefs of the following
Christian religions and churches
Roman Catholicism
Lutheranism
Calvinism
Anabaptism
Church of England (Anglicanism)
Presbyterian Church of Scotland
Use the comments below to guide you through
the material in this chapter.
Understand the following:
 What were the criticisms of the Catholic
Church
 Why Luther wrote the Ninety-five
Theses
 Who was Luther’s father
 What Luther believed the church
consisted of
 Who Luther’s claims of Roman abuse
of Germany appealed to
 The role of women, according to Luther
 How Catholics and Protestant’s view
the Reformation
 Luther’s view towards sex
 The political and social effects of the
Reformation in Germany
 What the Anabaptists were in favor of
 Why the English monasteries were
dissolved
 The state of the Catholic in England at
the time of the Reformation
 Why England had a reformation
 The issue in which Luther and Zwingli
disagreed
 What was the goal of the Catholic
Reformation
 Elizabeth I’s religious policy
 The origin of the Quakers
 Why France supported the Protestant
princes in Germany
 The goal of religious orders that were
established in the 16th century

Chapter 15 Study Guide
The Age of European Expansion and
Religious Wars
Identify and explain the significance of
the following people and terms.
Mercantilism
Inflation
Skepticism
Baroque
Politiques
Elizabeth I
Huguenots
Philip II
Prince Henry the Navigator
Michel de Montaigne
Christopher Columbus
Bartholomew Diaz
Hernan Cortez
Thirty Years’ War
Spanish Armada
Peace of Westphalia
St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre
War of the Three Henry’s
Defenestration of Prague
Dutch East India Company
Habsburg-Valois War
Battle of the White Mountain
Shakespeare
Use the comments below to guide you
through the material in this chapter.
Understand the following:
 Why European countries could
not expand eastward
 New technologies that helped
Europeans to expand
 How Europeans obtained African
slaves
 Who controlled the spice trade in
the Indian Ocean before the
Portuguese












What was the main factor that
determined where Spain would
explore
Which country led the continent
in exploration
Which city and country was
considered the financial center of
Europe during the mid-16th
century
What was the primary motive for
European explorers
Which group of people benefited
the most from increased prices
How did French monarchs pay
for the Habsburg-Valois War
How were the wars of the 16th
and 17th century different from
the wars of previous centuries
What was the primary causes of
the revolt in the Netherlands
What were the factors that forced
Elizabeth I to intervene in the
Netherlands
Why did France support the
Protestants in the 30 Years’ War
What happened to the peasant
class in Germany after the 30
Years’ War
Who “won” the 30 Years’ War
Increased slavery in the
Americas was the result of the
increased production of which
crop
Chapter 16 Study Guide
Absolutism and Constitutionalism in
Western Europe
Identify and explain the significance of the
following people and terms.
Sovereign
Devine Right
Absolutism
Constitutionalism
French Classicism
Commonwealth
Intendants
Sully
Fronde
Cardinal Richelieu
Louis XIV
Versailles
Molière
Poussin
Peace of Utrecht
Puritans
Oliver Cromwell
Navigation Acts
James II of England
English Bill of Rights
Thomas Hobbes
John Locke
Explain what the following events were and why
they were important
Revocation of the Edict of Nantes
War of Spanish Succession
Glorious Revolution
English Civil War
Use the comments below to guide you through
the material in this chapter.
Understand the following:
 The weaknesses of the French financial
system
 The outcomes of the Peace of Utrecht
 The organization of power in the Dutch
republic
 The cause of the War of Spanish
Succession
 Why Spain declined in the 17th century
 The guiding force behind Cardinal
Richelieu’s domestic policies
 What caused the decline of the Dutch
economy







Mercantilist theory
What sparked the Glorious Revolution
Colbert’s contributions to the economy
of France
Who gained the most from the War of
Spanish Succession
The relationship between Calvinist
values and business
Foreign policy under Richelieu
Oliver Cromwell’s Protectorate
Chapter 17 Study Guide
Absolutism in Eastern Europe to 1740
Identify and explain the
significance of the following
people and terms.
Baroque
Prussian Junkers
Boyar
Hohenzollern
Romanov
Pragmatic Sanction
Ottoman Empire
Suleiman the Magnificent
Frederick the Great
Ivan the Terrible
Frederick William I
Peter the Great
Great Northern War
Explain what the following events
were and why they were important
Building of the Winter Palace of
St. Petersburg
War of Austrian Succession
Times of Troubles
Battle of Poltova
Use the comments below to guide
you through the material in this
chapter.
Understand the following:
 What was the most striking
feature of the social
structure in Eastern Europe
 The result of the Bohemian
revolt of 1618
 The Thirty Years’ War
directly led to the
development of absolutism
in what empire
 Tactics used by Peter the
Great to modernize Russia
 The role of private property
in the Ottoman Empire
 The legacy of Frederick
William I
 Why the rulers of Moscow
became the monarchs of
Russia
 The best way to characterize
the rule of Peter the Great
 Peter’s tax on “souls”
 What baroque palaces were
modeled after
Chapter 18 Study Guide
Toward a New World View
Identify and explain the significance of
the following people and terms.
-Conversation on the Plurality of Worlds
-The Spirit of Laws
-Essay Concerning Human
Understanding
-Encyclopedia
-The Social Contract
Use the comments below to guide you
through the material in this chapter.
Empirical method (Empiricism)
Deductive reasoning
Inductive reasoning
Rationalism
Tabula rasa
Enlightenment
Enlightened absolutism
Philosophes
Diderot
Kepler
Galileo
Bacon
Descartes
Fontenelle
Newton
Montesquieu
Baile
Voltaire
Copernicus
Brahe
Madame du Chatelet
Madame Geoffrin
Catherine the Great
Frederick the Great
Maria Theresa
Joseph II
Louis XV
Salons
Pugachev
Literature Explain the new ideas of
each of the following books. What were
some of the consequences of these ideas?
-On the Revolution of heavenly Spheres
-Two New Sciences
-Principia
Understand the following:
 What kind of books were
illegally traded in France
 The greatest triumph of
Catherine the Great
 The greatest achievement of
Galileo
 The factors that contributed to
the destruction of French
absolutism
 The accomplishments of Fredrick
the Great
 The Aristotelian view of the
Universe
 The causes of the Scientific
Revolution
 The political consequences of the
Enlightenment
 What was the most important and
original idea of the
Enlightenment
 Why the Enlightenment reached
its height in France
 Voltaire’s political views
 Rousseau’s concept of “General
Will”
Chapter 21 Study Guide
The Revolution in Politics, 17751815
Identify and explain the significance of the
following people and terms.
Liberalism
Liberty
Equality
Checks and Balances
Natural Rights
Republic
Tithe
Popular Sovereignty
Stamp Act
Battle of Trafalgar
Jacobins
Girondists
Mountain
Reign of Terror
National Assembly
Bastille
Sans-Coulottes
Lord Nelson
Mary Wollstonecraft
Marie Antoinette
Louis XVI
Edmund Burke
Thomas Paine
Maximilian Robespierre
Thomas Jefferson
Abbé Sieyés
Declaration of Pillnitz
Napoleon Bonaparte
Napoleonic Code
The Directory
Federalists and Anti-Federalists
Great Fear
September Massacres
Continental System
Literature Explain the new ideas of each of
the following works. What were some of the
consequences of these ideas?
-Common Sense
-The Rights of Man
-The Rights of Woman
-A Vindication of the Rights of Woman
-Declaration of Independence
-Declaration of the Rights of Man
-Reflections on the Revolution in France
Use the comments below to guide you
through the material in this chapter.
Understand the following:
 Which group of people met in 1787
to discuss possible tax reforms?
 What was the Committee of Public
Safety and who was its leader?
 What happened during the 100
Days?
 What factors of the American
Revolution influenced the French
Revolution?
 Why was there so much anger over
the Stamp Act?
 What kind of government was
formed by Louis XVIII in 1814?
 What did Abbé Sieyés consider the
Third Estate?
 In the 1780’s where did most of
France budget go?
 What was the legal definition of the
Third Estate?
 Who was elected by the Third Estate
as Representatives to the Estates
General?
 Who did liberalism appeal to?
 What the Declaration of the Rights
of Man guaranteed
 The accomplishments of the
National Assembly
 Why the Mountain and Girondin
struggled so much
 The result of French policies in
areas conquered by the French
 What was the legacy of Napoleon’s
Grand Empire
Chapter 22 Study Guide

The Revolution in Energy and
Industry


Identify and explain the significance of the
following people and terms.
Industrial Revolution
Protective tariff
Chartist Movement
Energy crisis
Real wages
Sexual division of labor
Separate spheres
Thomas Malthus
David Ricardo
Andrew Ure
Crystal Palace
Power Loom
Spinning jenny
Zollverein
Factory Act of 1833
Crédit Mobilier
Combination acts
Henry Cort
James Hargreaves
Robert Owen
James Watt
Freidrich List
George Stephenson
Grand National Consolidated Trades Union
Friedrich Engels
Unions
Amalgamated Society of Engineers
William Cockerill
Fritz Harcourt
Use the comments below to guide you
through the material in this chapter.
Understand the following:
 The advantages Continental
Countries had over the British
 Why early factories hired family
units
 What led to the growth of the textile
industry









The consequences of the growth of
the textile industry
The biggest obstacle to the growth
of British Industry
What the earliest steam engines
were used for
Problems continental countries had
in competing with Great Britain
Where early factories recruited
workers
What Watt needed to make his
steam engine a practical success
What was the economic result of the
railroad
Who built the European Railroads
Why the Continental Countries did
not realize strong industrialization
until after 1815
Moving into the 19th century, what
did economic success for an
individual depend on
What was the biggest change for
workers shifting to work in factories
from the cottage industry
When conditions for the working
class began to improve in Britain
Chapter 23 Study Guide
Ideologies and Upheavals, 1815-1850
Define the following key concepts and
terms.
Balance of Power
Romanticism
Conservatism
Dual revolution
Liberalism
Nationalism
Laissez-faire
Iron Law of Wages
Utopian Socialism
Battle of Peterloo
Marxian Socialism
Classicism
Republicanism
Identify and explain the significance of
the following people and terms.
Klemens von Metternich
Henri de Saint-Simon
Charles Fourier
Pierre Joseph Proudhon
Quadruple Alliance
Napoleon’s 100 Days
Corn Law
Ten Hours Act (Britain)
National workshops
Adam Smith
Frankfurt Assembly
Schleswig-Holstein question
Jules Michelete
Johann Herder
Frederick William IV
Alexander Ypsilanti
Chartists
Thomas Malthus
Karl Marx
Georg Hegel
Louis Philippe
Communist Manifesto
Explain what ideas the following
romantic figures attempted to convey to
their audiences.
William Wordsworth
Walter Scott
George Sand
Victor Hugo
Eugene Delacroix
Use the comments below to guide you
through the material in this chapter.
Understand the following:
 the provisions of the Vienna Peace
Conference.
 why empires feared liberal ideas.
 the purpose of the Carlsbad Decrees.
 why Metternich opposed the spread
of Nationalism.
 why the Revolution of 1830 began
and why it was successful.
 the relationship between
industrialization and nationalism.
 how the Greeks won their
independence from the Ottoman
Empire.
 the ideas of the French Utopian
Socialists.
 the beliefs of Karl Marx and his
criticisms of Capitalism and the
Utopian Socialists.
 what Romanics believed in and what
they rejected.
 the reasons for the Corn Laws and
the effects of its repeal.
 the causes of the Revolution of 1848
in Paris.
 the steps involved in the Austrian
Revolution of 1848 and how it was
put down by the Habsburgs.
 what the purpose of the National
Assembly of Frankfort was and
describe those that attended.
 the geopolitical factors that affected
the German Confederation.
Chapter 24 Study Guide
Life in the Emerging Urban Society
Define the following key concepts and
terms.
Antiseptic principle
Darwin’s theory of biological evolution
Labor aristocracy
Realist movement
Miasmatic theory
Middle-class morality
Comte’s positivism
Explain how each of the following
people contributed to the improvement
of nineteenth-century life.
Edwin Chadwick
Louis Pasteur
Robert Koch
Jean-Baptiste Lamarck
Charles Darwin
Sigmund Freud
Emile Zola
Auguste Comte
Joseph Lister
Baron Haussmann
Gustave Droz
Explain income distribution and change
in population growth in the new urban
society by studying Figures 24.2 and
24.4 in the text. What important
characteristics of nineteenth-century
society do the reveal with regard to:


Income distribution
Birthrates
Use the comments below to guide you
through the material in this chapter.
Understand the following:
 Which areas of Europe were most
urbanized.
 The role improved economic
conditions played for women.
 The realism movement, its
participants and their works.
 Working class leisure activities.
 The beliefs of the middle class.
 The reasons for the decline in
working class church attendance.
 The reasons for Napoleon III’s
rebuilding of Paris.
 The evolution of the upper-middle
class.
 The white-collar workers & how
they viewed themselves.
 The causes of the poor condition of
early industrial cities.
 Why illegitimacy rates declined after
1850.
 The separation of men and women.
 Why the size of families declined.
 Why working class children were
under less parental control than
middle class children.
 Freud’s theory of the unconscious.
Chapter 25 Study Guide
The Age of Nationalism, 1850 - 1914
Define the following key concepts and terms.
Russian serfdom
Zemstvo
Thirteenth Amendment (US)
Nationalism
Authoritarian nationalism
Zollverein
Bismarck’s “Blood and Iron”
North German Confederation
Russian Revolution of 1905
Russian Duma
German Social Democratic Party
British Thrid Reform Bill of 1884
Identify and explain the significance of the
following people
Otto von Bismarck
Benjamin Disraeli
Louis Napoleon Bonaparte
Emmeline Pankhurst
Jules Ferry
Sergei Witte
Alexander II
Camillo Benso di Cavour
Edward Bernstein
Alfred Dreyfus
William Gladstone
Giuseppe Garibaldi
John Stuart Mill
Explain what the following events were, who
participated in them, and why they are
important
People’s Budget (Britain)
Napoleon III’s coup d’état
Assassination of Tsar Alexander I
Establishment of the Zollverein (1834)
Establishment of the Austro-Hungarian
monarchy
Bismarck’s Kulturkampf
Use the comments below to guide you
through the material in this chapter.
Understand the following:
 The introduction of social welfare
legislation
 The characteristics of Napoleon III’s
economic policies
 The causes and importance of the
Great Reforms in Russia
 The beliefs of Karl Lueger
 The steps involved in German
unification
 The reasons for the popularity of
Louis Napoleon
 Why Napoleon III program was
successful
 The steps involved in Italian
unification
 Why Sardinia-Piedmont became the
leader of the Italian Unification
 How Cavour forced Austria to give
up its Italian territory
 The different regions of Prussia
 What saved the U.S economy in the
19th century
 The features of Bismarck’s
constitution
 The outcomes of the FrancoPrussian War
 The biggest obstacle to nation
building in the U.S.
 The problems caused by the
Mexican War of 1848
 The consequences of the U.S. Civil
War
 The inspiration for Sergei Witte’s
industrialization
 The motivation for Bismarck’s
social reforms
 Why the German Socialist
Democrats gained the majority in
the Reichstag in 1912
 The results of the Dreyfus Affair
 The accomplishments of the British
Liberal Party
Chapter 26 Study Guide
The West and the World
Define the following key concepts and terms.
“New Imperialism”
Social Darwinism
“The White Man’s Burden”
Identify and explain the significance of the
following people and terms







Pale of (Jewish) Settlement
Suez Canal
Omdurman
British opium trade
Leopold II
Mathew Perry
Boers
John Hobson
Heinrich von Treitchke

Explain what the following events were, who
participated in them, and why they are
important

Berlin Conference of 1884 – 1885
Fashoda Crisis 1898
Great Trek of the Boers
Treaty of Nanking 1842
Meiji Restoration of 1867
Sino-Japanese War 1894 - 1895
Use the comments below to guide you
through the material in this chapter.
Understand the following:
 How imperialism differed during the
period of 1880 – 1914
 Which societies responded
favorably to Western Imperialism
 The characteristics of the typical
European immigrant
 The results of the Sino-Japanese
War
 Why Jews were the least likely to
return to their native lands
 New U.S. acquisitions after the
Spanish-American War




The results of the Berlin Conference
1884 – 1885
The cause and the results of the
Boxer Rebellion
The reasons for European migration
The causes of the Sino-British War
Bismarck’s views regarding
imperialism
The arguments of Heinrich von
Treitschke
What is meant by effective
occupation
J.A. Hobson’s view about
imperialism
Why Japan began to trade with
Western nations
The features of the Meiji
Restoration
Demographics regarding world
trade by 1913
The results of the battle of
Omdurman
Where European emigrants came
from (1851 – 1960)
Chapter 27 Study Guide
The Great Break: War and Revolution
Define the following key concepts and terms.
Congress of Berlin, 1878
Schlieffen Plan
“Total War”
Totalitarian
Western front
Bolsheviks
“National Self-determination”
War reparations
Identify and explain the significance of the
following people and terms
First Balkan War, 1912
Reinsurance Treaty
Anglo-French Entente of 1904
Lusitania
Admiral Tirpitz
German Auxiliary Service Law of 1916
David Lloyd George
Rasputin
Georges Clemenceau
Duma
Walter Rathenau
3 Emperor’s League
Allied Powers
Central Powers
Explain what role each of the following
played in the Russian Revolution.
Tsar Nicholas II
Petrograd Soviet
Leon Trotsky
Alexander Kerensky
Vladimir Lenin
Army Order No. 1
Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
Describe each of the following battles and
give its significance.
Tannenberg
Masurian Lakes
Marne
Somme
Verdun
Use the comments below to guide you
through the material in this chapter.
Understand the following:
 Tsar Nicholas I’s “fatal decision”
 The cause of growing tension
between Great Britain and Germany
 The spark that ignited the Balkan
“powder keg”
 The immediate cause of U.S. entry
into the war
 The result of Petrograd Soviet’s
Army Order No. 1
 The effect of WWI on European
women.
 The policy of “splendid isolation”
 Lenin’s contribution to Marxist
theory
 The purpose of Bismarck’s alliance
system
 Who controlled the Balkans during
the war
 What the results of “total war” were
 Why Austria-Hungary chose war in
1914
 What were the social impacts of
“total war”
 Who did the African colonial
subjects generally support
 The description of war on the
Western Front
 Clemenceau’s demands at the Paris
Peace Conference
 The makeup of the Middle East at
the Paris Peace Conference
 The harshest clause of the Treaty of
Versailles
 Lloyd George’s promise in 1918
 Why social distinctions were
suppressed during the war
 The revolution in Austria-Hungary
 The result of Allied intervention in
the Russian Civil War
 Why the U.S. rejected the Treaty of
Versailles
 The provisions of the Treaty of
Versailles
Chapter 28 Study Guide
The Age of Anxiety
Define the following key concepts and terms.
Identify and explain the significance of the
following people and terms
Nietzsche’s idea that “God is dead”
Little Entente of 1921
Ruhr crisis of 1923
Locarno meetings of 1925
Munich “Beer Hall” revolution of 1923
Principal of uncertainty
French Popular Front
National Recovery Administration
Agricultural Adjustment Act
Works Progress Administration
BBC
Kellogg-Briand Pact of 1928
Adolf Hitler
Hyperinflation
“Birth of a Nation”
Ulysses
Explain who the following people were and how
their work contributed to and reflected the
uncertainty and anxiety in modern thought.
Friedrich Nietzsche
Georges Sorel
Ludwig Wittgenstein
Jean-Paul Sartre
Max Planck
Albert Einstein
Marcel Proust
George Orwell
Oswald Spengler
Karl Barth
Arnold Schoenberg
Soren Kierkegaard
Define the following philosophic and artistic
schools and movements by describing their basic
aims and characteristics and naming some
participants and works.
Logical empiricism
Modern existentialism
Functionalism in architecture
Expressionism
Cubism
Dadaism
Surrealism
Atonality
Use the comments below to guide you through
the material in this chapter.
Understand the following:
 Statistics regarding union membership
in the U.S.
 The U.S.’ plan to resolve the financial
problems in Germany
 Who dominated the German parliament
in the mid-1920’s
 The role industrialism played in France
regarding the Great Depression
 Unemployment in the U.S. during the
Great Depression
 Why Britain treated Germany “easy”
after Versailles.
 The artistic styles of the Age of Anxiety
 British political parties in the 1920’s
 The Bauhaus movement
 “Stream of Consciousness” in literature
 Challenges of rational thought in
philosophy
 The beliefs of Nietzsche
 How Einstein destroyed Newton’s
universe
 What the BBC was a representation of
 Who France turned to for support after
Russia
 How France dealt with the U.S. failure
to ratify the Treaty of Versailles
 The result of Germany’s failure to make
its second reparation payment
 The explanations for world depression,
1929-1933
 The support for Hitler’s National
Socialist Party in the 1920’s
 Buying stocks “on the margin”
 Why the American Stock Market
crashed in 1929
 The Swedish response to the depression
 The fundamental commitment of the
New Deal
 Why the Great Depression did not hit
Britain as hard as the U.S.
 Why the popular Front was formed
 Freud’s idea of the id, ego, and
superego
Chapter 29 Study Guide
Dictatorships and the Second World
War
Define the following key concepts and
terms.
Conservative authoritarianism
Modern totalitarianism
Hitler’s Final Solution
“Socialism in one country”
Appeasement
Fascism
Anti-Semitism
Identify and explain the significance of
the following people and terms
Weimar Republic
National Socialist German Workers’
Party (Nazi)
Benito Mussolini
Leon Trotsky
General Paul Hindenburg
Neville Chamberlain
Kulaks
Nazi Labor Front
Nazi Storm Troopers (SA)
Joseph Goebbels
Auschwitz-Birkenau
Heinrich Himmler
Marshal Petain
Enabling Act
Self-determination
Black Shirts
Final Solution
Lateran Agreement
Karl Lueger
Explain what the following events were,
who participated in them, and why they
were important.
Stalin’s collectivization program
Lenin’s New Economic Policy (1921)
Mussolini’s march on Rome (1922)
Hitler’s Munich plot (1923)
Great Depression in Germany (19291933)
Munich Conference (1938)
Nazi-Soviet non-aggression pact
Stalin’s five-year plans (all of them)
Grand Alliance
Battle of Britain
Battle of Stalingrad
Battle of El Alamein
Battle of Coral Sea
Normandy Invasion
Hiroshima and Nagasaki
Use the comments below to guide you
through the material in this chapter.
Understand the following:
 Hitler’s fateful decision
 The themes of Mein Kampf
 The German acts of aggression
 What the Nazis, fascists, and
Communists had in common
 Real wages in the Soviet Union
in 1937
 Why Mussolini was expelled
from the Italian Socialist Party
 Shared characteristics of fascism
 The policies of the Grand
Alliance
 Why Hitler was so popular
 The role of women under Stalin
 Daniel Goldhagen’s thesis
 Factor’s in the success of Stalin’s
industrialization
 Why the Italian government was
breaking down in 1922
 The consequences of the Great
Purges
 The liquidation of the kulaks
 Soviet workers under Stalin
 Why Great Britain and France
finally confronted Hitler
 Hitler’s New Order of races
 How many Jews were murdered
in Germany
 Hitler’s idea of “living space”
Chapter 30 Study Guide
The Recovery and Conflict, 1945-1985
Define the following key concepts and terms.
Decolonization
Neocolonization
European Steel and Coal Community
Détente
Cold war
Truman Doctrine
De-Stalinization
OPEC
Managerial class
“Brain drain”
Identify and explain the significance of the
following people and terms
NATO
British Labour Party
Warsaw Pact
Organization of European Economic
Cooperation
Common Market (EEC)
Taft-Hartley Act
Franklin D. Roosevelt
Josip Tito
Nikita Khrushchev
Simone de Beauvoir
Betty Friedan
Charles de Gaulle
Leonid Brezhnev
Explain what happened at the following
wartime conferences of the Big Three and
what impact each one had on the postwar
world.
Casablanca, 1/1943
Teheran, 11/1943
Yalta, 2/1945
Potsdam, 7/1945
Explain what the following events were, who
participated in them, and why they were
important.
Berlin Airlift, 1948
Schuman Plan, 1950
Civil Rights Act, 1964
Partition of Palestine, 1948
Bay of Pigs invasion, 1961
Use the comments below to guide you
through the material in this chapter.
Understand the following:
 The goal of the Truman Doctrin
 How Erhard attempted to stimulate
the economy
 What happened to the USSR after
WWII
 The result of French de-colonization
of sub-Saharan Africa
 Why conservatives ousted
Khrushchev
 Where the Common Market was
created
 Characteristics of the counterculture
 What happened in Vietnam after
Nixon’s election
 Who’s protests nearly toppled de
Gaulle’s 5th Republic
 Why the European social structure
changed
 Why the middle class has grown
wince WWII
 What % of scientists have been
involved with weapons production
 The goal of the Czechoslovakian
reform movement of 1968
 How the Tet Offensive was
perceived by Americans
 Mao Zedong’s 5000 mile march
 Who was defeated by Ho Chi Minh
in 1954
 Why Nasser provoked a military
conflict with France and Britain
 The result of Thatcher’s renters
program
 Ronald Reagan’s economic plan
 Common goals of women’s
movements
 Willy Brandt’s policies towards the
Eastern Bloc.
Chapter 31 Study Guide

Revolution, Rebuilding, and New
Challenges: 1985-Present

Define the following key concepts and terms.
Re-Stalinization
Perestroika
Glasnost
“New World Order”
Globalization
Third Way
“Baby Bust”
Identify and explain the significance of the
following people and terms
Gdansk Agreement
Solidarity
Velvet Revolution
Alliance for Germany
Paris Accord
European Union
Kosovo Liberation Army
Maastricht Treaty
Great Russians
Vladimir Putin
Lech Walesa
Northern Alliance
Mikhail Gorbachev
Use the comments below to guide you
through the material in this chapter.
Understand the following:
 Which country responded to prodemocracy violently in 1989
 Which province’s declaration of
independence led to a bloody civil
war in 1991
 Why the Brezhnev government
seemed stable
 Challenges the USSR faced under
Brezhnev
 The demands of the workers at the
Lenin Shipyards in Gdansk
 Gorbachev’s reforms
 Which was the first Eastern Bloc
country to elect a non-communist
 The problems facing Europe in the
21st century









Who ended up owning the
businesses in post-Soviet Russia
Why the communist coup of 1991
failed
What intellectuals views as
Europe’s mission for the 21st
century
Who bin Laden and the “holy
warriors” hated
What the Gulf War indicated to the
world.
When Bush began the overthrow of
Saddam Hussein
Who was accepted into NATO in
1997
Milosevic’s plan that led to civil war
in Yugoslavia
Why NATO finally became
involved in Bosnia
Why birthrates are decreasing
Why people opposed the Maastricht
Treay