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EFFECTS OF THE VERSAILLES TREATY p.4
1. What are TWO key reasons why Count Brockdorff-Rantzau thought that the Treaty of Versailles
was unfair? [2]
Germany had to pay for the bill; Germany had to accept blame for starting the war; harsh
conditions would weaken the German economy and lead to the hardship and starvation of
millions of German men, women and children
2. Based on the sources, which TWO countries did Germany blame for the Versailles Treaty? [2]
France and Britain (the English)
3a. Which TWO territorial changes would BEST appease countries invaded by Germany on the
Western Front of World War I? [2]
Alsace-Lorraine was restored to France; the Rhineland was made a demilitarized zone; the Saar
Coalfields would provide France with prosperity for 15 years
b. Which TWO territorial changes would appease a country recreated from German and Russian
territory? [2]
(referring to Poland) – given a “corridor” to the Baltic Sea; rich farmland of Posen given to
Poland
4. Based only on the sources, what were TWO specific ways German security was weakened? [2]
tanks were dismantled; Rhineland made into a demilitarized zone
5. How would forbidding union with Austria affect German self-determination? [1]
varies—people of German ancestry in both Germany and Austria were being denied the right to
make their own political and economic choices about their future
6. Which TWO punishments on the map showing the effects of the Treaty of Versailles represent
an economic factor of change that weakened Germany? [2]
Germany lost all of her colonies; Saar coalfields given to France for 15 years; rich farmland of
Posen given to Poland
7a. Which of the four sources on the handout BEST communicates Germany’s desire for revenge to
future generations of their people? Explain your choice. [1]
German textbook except – teaching the youth who is to blame for taking Germany’s colonies
b. Which factor of change is MOST RELATED to how the source chosen in the previous question
communicates Germany’s desire for revenge: biographical, environmental, technological,
political, ideological or economic? Explain your choice. [1]
ideological—implanting the idea in Germany’s youth that it was an “international plutocracy”
that stole Germany’s colonies
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ECONOMIC CONDITIONS IN THE INTERWAR PERIOD p.5
1a. What was the name of the new government that replaced Kaiser Wilhelm II?
the Weimar Republic
b. What evidence suggests that this new government was modeled after civic nationalism?
all citizens over the age of 20 had the right to vote; there was an elected president; individual
freedoms
2. Why did many Germans dislike their new democratic government?*
for signing the Treaty of Versailles
3.
Why were France and Belgium dependent on German reparation payments?
to rebuild their war-damaged infrastructure
4.
What were THREE statistics that showed that Germany’s economy was in poor condition shortly
after World War I?
the war left 600,000 widows and 2 million children without fathers—combined with pensions this
cost the state one-third of its budget; in 1919, national income was about one-third of what it had
been in 1913; industrial production was only at 37% of what it was before the war started;
agricultural production was less than half of normal, and food shortages were common
5.
Why did France and Belgium violate German sovereignty and invade the Ruhr in 1923?
Germany was unable to make its full payment to the Allies
6a. How did the Weimar government try to deal with French and Allied demands?**
printed more money (German marks)
b. What is the difference between INFLATION and HYPERINFLATION?
INFLATION – a continuous increase in the general level of prices for goods and services;
HYPERINFLATION – occurs when prices increase at a very high and uncontrollable rate
c. How did the Weimer government’s “solution” make economic conditions worse for Germany?
Germany’s money lost its value and it took more and more to buy things—their economy collapsed
7.
How did the Dawes Plan (1924) help Germany with its problems?
reduced Germany’s reparation payments; revalued the German mark; extended Germany a large
loan to rebuild its economy; negotiated the French withdrawal from the Ruhr
8a. What was the GREAT DEPRESSION?
an economic crisis that began with the stock market crash in 1929 and continued throughout the
1930s
b. What were THREE major effects of the Great Depression?
many businesses cut wages and laid off workers; some businesses went bankrupt; production of
goods in the U.S. decreased since few people had money to spend; American investors withdrew
their remaining money from other countries causing those economies to start collapsing
9a. In order to protect their failing economies, what did governments around the world do to imports?
placed heavy tariffs (taxes or duties) on imported goods
b. How did this “solution” make the economic situation worse?
created weaker demands for exports; international trade was destroyed, which increased worldwide
unemployment even further
10a. How many Germans were unemployed in September 1928?
650,000
b. How many Germans were unemployed in 1933?
six million
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THE RISE OF ADOLF HITLER pp.6-7
1. What were TWO problems that contributed to the political instability in Germany after the First
World War? [2]
shootings, murders, Freikorps fought Communists and revolutionaries; political parties could
not cooperate and plotted against each other
2a. What were THREE ways Hitler planned to create a strong Germany? [3]
promised to restore jobs to the nearly six million unemployed; told farmers they would receive
higher prices for their products; promised to end communism; guaranteed industrialists that he
would provide stability and a peaceful labour force; pledged to restore German honour and
create a German empire that would last a thousand years; planned to destroy Treaty of
Versailles; rearm Germany, unite German-speaking people outside of Germany, gain land and
resources
b. Which national interest is MOST CLOSELY related to the concept of lebensraum:
goodwill, humanitarianism, expansionism, prosperity, security or sovereignty? [1]
expansionism
3. How did the Enabling Act “solve” the problem of political stalemate in Germany? [1]
could pass new laws without the approval of the elected government; eliminated political
opponents; Nazi Party now the only legal party in Germany
4a. How did the rights introduced by the Weimar Republic change under Hitler’s leadership? [1]
responsibilities to work hard, take care of family, send children to public schools/join the Hitler
Youth
b. How did the responsibilities expected by a democracy change under Hitler? [1]
rights were limited—arrests/executions without trial
5. Why did the German people support Hitler’s leadership? [1]
varies—saw the opportunity for Germany to become a proud, strong and independent nation;
gave people hope and a new confidence and faith in the future of their country
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VIDEO: “THE FATAL ATTRACTION OF ADOLF HITLER” p.8
1. Adolf Hitler did not believe that it was the German army who lost World War I.
Who did he blame for Germany’s defeat? [1]
Communist revolutionaries; parliamentarians; Jews
2. What happened to Hitler’s attempt to take control of Germany in 1923? [1]
failed—locked up in Landsberg Prison
3. What were TWO topics in Mein Kampf that would foreshadow Hitler’s long-term goals? [2]
Jews; racism; living space for the German people in the east; the evils of Marxism and parliamentary
democracy
4. What fraction of the German labour force was out of work during the Great Depression? [1]
one-third
5a. What happened to the Reichstag Building [the German parliament] one month after Hitler took
power? [1]
burned down/set on fire
b. Who did Hitler blame for what happened to the Reichstag Building? [1]
communists
c. What did Hitler do in response to the Reichstag problem? [1]
passed a law to give him more power in government—the Enabling Act
6. What were THREE things Hitler did in the video to rebuild Germany’s economy? [3]
secret rearmament/army; public works (motor ways, power stations); factories; welfare; eliminated
unemployment
7. What promise did Hitler make to the youth of Germany? [1]
no class distinction; one day you will inherit/rule the world
8. What was Hitler’s goal for Germans living in different European countries? [1]
unite all Germans, then a war of conquest
9a. What was Hitler’s first step in reuniting the German people? [1]
annexing Austria/“anschluss”
b. What did other European countries do in response to Hitler’s actions? [1]
did nothing
10. How did Hitler plan to gain the German-speaking parts of Czechoslovakia? [1]
invade to free the German-speaking minority
11a.What did the MUNICH AGREEMENT prevent in Eastern Europe? [1]
an agreement that forced the Czechs to sign over the German parts of Czechoslovakia
b.What was Hitler’s opinion of the Munich Agreement? [1]
“no importance at all”—not worth the paper it was written on
12. Provide AT LEAST TWO reasons from the video to explain Hitler’s popularity. [2]
restored national honour; rebuilt economy; promised peace; public works; ethnically “clean”
Germany; was against the Treaty of Versailles
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THE FAILURE OF COLLECTIVE SECURITY pp.9-10
1. What was the purpose of the League of Nations? [1]
to limit threats to world peace through promoting arms reduction and by taking action to stop
aggression
2. What could the League do to ensure that “aggressor countries” conformed to their rules? [1]
give a formal warning; economic sanctions to cut an aggressive country off from international
trade (which would hurt their economy)
3. Why was the League of Nations unable to provide collective security for its members? [1]
there was no international “police force” that could be called on to deal with hostile situations
4. Which TWO pieces of evidence show that Imperial Japan’s invasion of Manchuria was based on
expansionism and prosperity? [2]
Japan’s government was interested in the rich coal mines ad fertile farmlands of Manchuria and
a puppet government was set up and the region was placed under Japanese direction
5. How did the Manchurian crisis weaken the authority of the League of Nations? [1]
Japan defied the League and there were no consequences
6. How were security and sovereignty related to the reason why disarmament failed? [2]
countries were afraid to take the risk of disarming first and being left too weak to defend
themselves against potentially hostile neighbours; Germany felt that other countries were just
trying to keep them weak
7. How could the League’s failure to achieve world disarmament be seen as a major cause of the
Second World War? [1]
varies—failure of disarmament showed that the League had little power and/or respect/showed
its ineffectiveness; other countries learned that other countries were more powerful and
increased the size and strength of their militaries as fast as they could
8a. Which TWO national interests BEST represent Italy’s reasons for invading Abyssinia:
goodwill, humanitarianism, expansionism, prosperity, security and/or sovereignty? [2]
expansionism and prosperity
b. Explain how Haile Selassie’s speech to the League of Nations could represent the national
interest of humanitarianism. [1]
poison gas was being used against soldiers, women, children, cattle and the environment—
wanted the League to intervene to help people
c. Explain how the failure of the League of Nation’s sanctions against Italy failed as a result of
prosperity. [1]
countries like Britain and France said they would support economic sanctions but they secretly
continued trading for Italian made products; sanctions did not include oil which was an
important commodity needed to fight a modern war
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FOREIGN POLICY RESPONSES TO THREATS pp.11-14
1. What is ISOLATIONISM? [1]
policy of “minding your own business” or keeping to one’s self; staying out of international
relations that might bring a country into conflict
2a. Which international security option is met by following isolationism:
neutrality, disarmament, balance of power or collective security? [1]
neutrality
b. Which response to threats is met by following isolationism? [1]
avoidance
3. How did the United States justify their policy of isolationism? [1]
to stay out of disagreements/conflicts in other countries
4. Why is it ironic that the United States did not join the League of Nations? [1]
U.S. President Woodrow Wilson came up with the idea but the U.S. did not join the League
5.
Identify THREE reasons FOR
joining the League of Nations: [3]
varies—
the League would allow representatives of the
world’s countries to meet and settle their
differences by peaceful discussion; creation of
and membership in the League would increase
respect for the United States; the League could
“police” international aggression; the League
could provide humanitarian aid where needed;
U.S. could be a leader in world affairs; U.S.
be aware of dangers in world affairs
Identify THREE reasons AGAINST
joining the League of Nations: [3]
varies—
joining the League could pull the U.S. into
other disputes and other wars; these wars
would not be any business of the U.S.; in the
1920s the U.S. was focused on its own
economic prosperity; by the 1930s the U.S.
was struggling with its own economic
problems during the Great Depression; it
looked throughout the 1930s as if the world
was moving toward conflict as more and more
countries invested in their military; most
Americans not very interested in what was
going on in the rest of the world
6. Would the Neutrality Acts help or hurt a country trying to solve the economic problems caused
by the Great Depression? Explain your choice. [1]
varies—
help – ignoring an upcoming war would allow the United States to focus on its own economic
problems and help people affected by the Great Depression
hurt—one of the easiest ways to get people back to work and strengthen the economy is to have
Americans affected by the Depression working in factories and selling weapons overseas
7. What were TWO ways Hitler avoided the economic problems of the Great Depression? [2]
strengthen the military—ordering young men to join the army; constructing new warships and
submarines; supporting research and development
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8a. How did Britain and France respond to German rearmament and remilitarization of the
Rhineland? [1]
they did nothing but protest—avoidance
b. Based on the reading, what are THREE reasons why Britain and France responded the way
they did to Germany’s clear violation of the Treaty of Versailles? [3]
varies—remembered the effects of World War I/did not want to get involved in another war;
military was weakened as there was no major war since World War I; could not afford to
rebuild/prepare their military because of the economic problems resulting from the Great
Depression
9. The German Union with Austria clearly broke the Treaty of Versailles.
Rather than punishing Germany, what did many world leaders say about anschluss? [1]
both Germany and Austria were of German ancestry so it was reasonable that Hitler could rule
them (Hitler was also Austrian)
10. Identify TWO reasons why Germany wanted the Sudetenland. [2]
three million Germans lived in the Sudetenland; there were many factories and coal mines in the
Sudetenland
11a.Why was the Munich Agreement NOT an example of negotiation? [1]
Czechoslovakia/the Czechs were not asked if Hitler could have the Sudetenland
b.If giving Hitler the Sudetenland was NOT negotiation, which response to threats was it? [1]
appeasement—the Allies gave Hitler the Sudetenland in hopes it would avert war
c.How did Hitler show his expansionist motives seven months after the Munich Agreement? [1]
Hitler broke the Munich Agreement and invaded the rest of Czechoslovakia
12. Which type of nationalism motivated Hitler’s actions against the Sudetenland: civic or ethnic?
Explain your choice. [1]
ethnic—Hitler wanted to take the territory of the Sudetenland for its resources and to unite
people of the same German ancestry
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VIDEO: “WHY APPEASEMENT?” p.15
1. Why was Neville Chamberlain, the Prime Minister of England, apprehensive about another
Great War? [1]
death and destruction
2. What evidence from the video suggests that many countries were using militarism as a way to
deal with the effects of the Great Depression? [1]
building armies; plans for conquering territory; leaders themselves wearing army uniforms
Rhineland
3. How did Adolf Hitler violate the Treaty of Versailles in March 1936? [1]
rearm Rhineland
4. To defend his country against potential threats in Europe, Chamberlain was not against rearming
Britain. What was he opposed to instead? [1]
taxes/borrowing money
5a. What organization did many people hope would preserve the peace? [1]
League of Nations
b. What happened in 1935 to show that this organization could not keep the peace? [1]
Italian invasion of Abyssinia
6a. What were film clips from the Spanish Civil War showing? [1]
German planes being used to bomb cities
b. How do you think this would this affect the British belief that they were an “island fortress”? [1]
enemy planes could fly across the English Channel and bomb British cities
7. How did Hitler violate the Treaty of Versailles four months after the visit by Britain’s Lord
Halifax? [1]
Austria was annexed
8. Who were the “enemies within” Czechoslovakia? [1]
3 million Sudeten Germas
9a. What did Konrad Henlein, the leader of the Nazi-backed German Sudeten Party, demand in
April 1938? [1]
self-government
b. Name TWO things the Czech government would lose giving into Henlein’s demands. [2]
factories, defences, mines
10. Why do you think Chamberlain gave in to Hitler’s demands that the Sudetenland be granted
self-determination? [1]
to avoid a larger war
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11. What was decided at Munich? [1]
hand over Sudetenland to Germany; Czechs not consulted but free to resist if they wanted to
12. How did Hitler make it clear that the Munich Agreement meant nothing? [1]
took over the rest of Czechoslovakia a few months later
13. Britain’s new prime minister, Winston Churchill, publicly stated that “military weakness…
encourages potential enemies.”
How did Churchill plan on increasing the size of his country’s army? [1]
volunteers would not do—called on compulsory military service for 18-20 year olds—
conscription
14. What actions taken by Nazi Germany indicate that appeasement had failed? [1]
Poland was invaded
15. What evidence demonstrates that blitzkrieg was an effective military tactic? [1]
Surprise attack; Poland fell in a quick amount of time with communist Soviet Union and
Poland was invaded
16. According to the video, what was the only benefit of appeasement? [1]
have time to prepare armies/better position to fight
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