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Capítulo 1 Capítulo 1 Vocabulario Paso 1 p 30 En la clase: La ventana La puerta La silla El papel El libro La mochila La mesa el lápiz el libro de texto el bolígrafo el cuaderno la calculadora el diccionario el dinero el escritorio la pizarra Lugares en la universidad: La biblioteca La cafetería La clase El edificio La librería La oficina La residencia Personas en la universidad: El bibliotecario La bibliotecaria El compañero de clase La compañera de clase El compañero de cuarto la compañera de cuarto Personas en la universidad: El consejero La consejera El estudiante La estudiante El hombre La mujer El profesor La profesora El secretario La secretaria Las materias en la universidad: La administración de empresas El arte La computación Las comunicaciones La economía El español La filosofía La física La historia El inglés La literatura Las matemáticas Las materias en la universidad: La química La sociología Las ciencias Las humanidades Las lenguas extranjeras La sicología Paso Dos Singular Nouns Paso2 p 33 In Spanish, all nouns have either a masculine or feminine gender. Definite articles Indefinite articles Masculine Feminine el hombre la mujer el libro la mesa un hombre una mujer un libro una mesa Gender Nouns that refer to male beings and most nouns that end in –o are masculine in gender Nouns that refer to female beings and most nouns that end in –a, -tad, and –dad are feminine in gender Nouns that have other endings and that do not refer to either male or female beings maybe masculine or feminine. The gender then must be memorized. Gender Many nouns that refer to persons indicate gender 1. By changing the last vowel Roberto Roberta 1. By adding –a to the last consonant of the masculine form to make it feminine Luis Luisa Many other nouns that refer to people have a single form for both masculine and feminine genders. Gender is indicated by an article. el estudiante la estudiante How ever, a few nouns that end in –e also have a feminine form that ends in –a. el presidente la presidenta Gender A common exception to the normal rule of gender is the word el día which is masculine in gender. Many words ending in –ma are also masculine: el problema, el programa, el sistema, and so on. What for these exceptions as you continue your study of Spanish Articles A. In English, there is only one definite article the. In Spanish, the definite article for masculine singular nouns is el. For feminine nouns it is la. B. In English, the singular indefinite article is a, an . In Spanish, the indefinite article must agree with the gender of the noun. Un for masculine nouns, una for feminine. Un and una can also mean one as well, but context determines the meaning. Identifying People, Places and Things. Paso 2 p 37 Nouns and Articles A. Spanish nouns that end in a vowel form plurals by adding –s. el libro los libros Nouns that end in a consonant add –es. la universidad las universidades Nouns that end in the consonant z change to –C before adding –es. el lápiz los lápices Nouns and Articles B. The definite and indefinite articles also have plural forms: el > los la > las un > unos una > unas unos and unas can mean some, several, or a few Nouns and Articles C. In Spanish, the masculine plural forms of a noun is used to refer to a group that indicates both males and females. un amigo y una amiga = unos amigos un estudiante y una estudiante= unos estudiantes Paso 3 Subject Pronouns These are the subject pronouns you will learn in class Yo I Tú You él Ella Usted Nosotros Nosotras He She You We We You’al You’al Vosotros Vosotras Ellos Ellas Ustedes They They You guys Tricky subjects Nadie - no one Todo- everything Alguien - some one Uno - one Alguno- some one/thing Todos – everybody Unos - some Algunos -some Algunas - some A. The infinitive of a verb indicates the action or state of being, with no reference to who or what performs the action. In Spanish, all infinitives end in –ar, -er, or –ir ar Hablar Practicar Bailar -er Comer Beber deber -ir Vivir Escribir dormir Here are some –ar verbs p 42 Bailar hablar Buscar necesitar Cantar Comprar Desear Enseñar Escuchar Estudiar pagar practicar regresar tocar tomar trabajar