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ISLAM Terms Caliphs military, political and religious leaders Hajj The journey to Mecca Muslims are to take once in a lifetime. (5th Pillar) Hijra The emigration of Muhammad and his followers from Mecca to Medina. Considered the beginning of the faith. Imam Spiritual leader for the Shi’i branch. Jihad (exertion or effort) the struggle to defend the faith and/or Qur’an. “Holy War” Ka’ba Cubical structure in courtyard of “The Great Mosque” in Mecca. Holy center of the universe. Mosque Place of prayer and worship. Traditionally includes a prayer hall, courtyard and minarets (“call to prayer” towers) Qur’an Islam’s sacred text. Regarded to be the direct word of Allah through the angel Gabriel to Muhammed. Ramadan The 9th month of the Islamic calendar. Period of prayer and fasting. Shahada The confession of faith; ”There is no god but Allah and Muhammad is his prophet.” Shi’i (Branches) Minority section of Islam. Imam has a strong influence. Qur’an should be the political and religious guide. (Iran &Iraq) Sufi Mystical and spiritual sect of Islam. Believes one can have a direct experience of Allah. Very liberal. Often rejected by other Muslims. Sunni Major Division of Islam (85-90%). Sunna “established custom” follows the life and example of Muhammad as recorded in the Qur’an (hadith)