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MUSIC APPRECIATION
ROMANTIC PERIOD STUDY GUIDE
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What was the span of time in which the Romantic era occurred?
About 1820-1900
Describe the melodies of the Romantic period.
Longer in length, more free in structure
What term was used by Romantic composers to indicate a flexible tempo that was to be determined
by the performer?
Rubato
What was the most important ‘instrument’ of the Romantic period?
Piano
How did the Romantic orchestra compare in size to that of the Classic orchestra?
What is a general term for any piece of music associated with a story or extra-musical idea?
Program music
How were dynamics employed in Romantic music?
Much broader range of Dynamics
What is the musical term for a short Romantic piece, lasting only a few minutes and is usually written for piano or voice?
Character pieces
Describe the use of tempo in Romantic music.
Describe the use of form in Romantic music.
Which of the other ‘arts’ had the greatest influence on the early Romantic composers?
Literary
What is Nationalism in music?
Which countries produced Romantic nationalistic music?
Czech, Finland, Norway, Russia, Hungary
In Berlioz’s autobiographical first symphony, what is the term he used for the recurring theme that represents
Harriet Smithson?
Idée fixe, referring to a recurring theme, associated with a particular person, place, or idea.
Which composer expanded the orchestra and wrote for up to 1000 players/singers at a time?
Hector Berlioz
Who helped in the development of the ‘modern’ style of conducting?
Hector Berlioz
What is considered to be Berlioz’s most important work?
Symphonie Fantastic
Who is the early Romantic composer who expanded the orchestra?
Hector Berlioz
What Polish composer is known for his piano works?
Fredric Chopin
Consider the following list: piano concertos, nocturnes, mazurkas, and symphonies...which of these four
did Chopin not compose?
Smyphonies
What is the musical term for orchestral program music that is performed in one long movement?
Symphonic poem
Who is the first composer to write tone poems?
Franz Liszt
What is the idea of the tone poem?
tone poem is a piece of orchestral music in a single continuous section (a movement) in which the content of a
poem, a story or novel, a painting, a landscape or another (non-musical) source is illustrated or evoked.
Who is considered to be the greatest pianist of the Romantic era?
Franz Liszt and Brahms
What type of new opera did Wagner ‘develop’?
Gesamtkunstwerk ("total work of art")
In Wagner’s operas, what is the term for melodic fragments which are used to identify characters, situations,
objects and emotions?
Leitmotif: musical themes associated with individual characters, places, ideas or plot elements.
What is equally combined in the making of a ‘music drama’?
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synthesis of all the poetic, visual, musical and dramatic arts
Who developed a new type of opera?
Richard Wagner
What German composer wrote operas and music dramas?
Richard Wagner
Who is considered to be the greatest Czech composer?
Smetana and Dvorak
What Dvorak symphony was influenced by American Indian music as well as by the ‘Negro Spiritual?'
The “New World Symphony”
Who is the late Romantic German composer who did not write program music?
Brahms
In Brahms’ music, what was the overall perception of his musical compositions?
Absolute music, classical forms
Why was Brahms compared with J.S. Bach?
Because of his high craftmenship in Counterpoint.
What two types of composition is Richard Strauss best known for?
Operas and Orchestral Works, such as tone poems
Who is the late Romantic composer of tone poems and operas?
Richard Strauss
Who wrote Der Ring Des Nibelung?
Richard Wagner
Who wrote Symphonie Fantastique?
Hector Belioz
Who wrote New World Symphony?
Antonio Dvorak
Who wrote Tristan und Isolde?
Richard Wagner