Download Chapter 4: Tissues Review

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Chapter 4: Tissues Review
1. Circle the term that does not belong in each of the following groups.
a. Areolar
b. Bones
c. Nervous
d. Blood
e. Elastic fibers
f. Hyaline
2. Using the key choices, correctly identify the following major tissue types. Enter the
appropriate answer in the answer blanks.
Key Choices
A. Connective
B. Epithelium
C. Muscle
D. Nervous
a. Forms membranes A & B (synovial: only A)
b. Allows for movement of limbs and for organ movements within the body C
c. Uses electrochemical signals to carry out its functions D
d. Supports and reinforces body organs A
e. Cells of this tissue may absorb and/or secrete substances B
f. Basis of the major controlling system of the body D
g. Its cells shorten to exert force C
h. Forms endocrine and exocrine glands B
i.
Surrounds and cushions body organs A
j.
Characterized by having large amounts of extracellular material A
k. Allows you to smile, grasp, swim, ski, and shoot an arrow. C
l.
Widely distributed; found in bones, cartilages, and fat deposits A
m. Forms the brain and spinal cord D
n. May control itself, be consciously controlled, or unconsciously controlled C
o. Covers the outside of the body and lines hollow organs B
3. List the major features/characteristics of epithelial tissue.
Avascular, innervated, rapid regeneration, has a basement membrane, simple or
stratified, arranged in sheets.
4. Describe the major functions of simple squamous epithelium.
Secretion, absorption, diffusion, filtration, protection, sensory reception, reproduction
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For 5-11, match the epithelium named in Column B with the appropriate function in Column A.
Column A
Column B
5. Protection E
A. Simple squamous
6. Small molecules pass through rapidly A
B. Nonciliated simple columnar
7. Secretes hormones into the blood F
C. Exocrine
8. Line trachea and move mucus D
D. Ciliated simple columnar
9. Line intestines and absorb nutrients B
E. Stratified squamous
10. Secretes into hollow organs C
F. Endocrine
11. Stretches G
G. Transitional
12. Using the key choices, identify the following connective tissue types. Insert the
appropriate answers in the answer blanks.
Key Choices:
A. Adipose tissue
D. Elastic cartilage
G. Hyaline Cartilage
J. Reticular
B. Areolar tissue
E. Fibrocartilage
H. Osseous tissue
K. Blood
C. Dense regular
F. Dense irregular
I. Elastic
a. Parallel bundles of collagen fibers provide strength; found in tendons. C
b. Stores fat A
c. The skin dermis F
d. Hardest tissue of our “skull cap” H
e. Forms the embryonic skeleton; covers surfaces of bones at joints. G
f. Insulates the body A
g. Cells secrete a matrix that is hard due to calcium salts. H
h. Contains collagen fibers; found in intervertebral disks E
i.
Makes supporting framework of the spleen and liver. J
j.
Found in the ear lobe. D
k. Loosely connects the skin to the underlying tissue B
l.
Allows the carotid artery to expand under pressure I
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13. Using the key choices, select the structural or related elements of connective tissue
(CT) types that permit specialized functions. Write the appropriate answers in the
blanks.
Key Choices
A. Adipocytes
E. Elastin fibers
I. Macrophages
B. Chondrocytes
F. Ground substance
J. Matrix
C. Collagen fibers
G. Reticular fibers
K. Fibroblasts
D. Mast cells
H. Osteoblasts
a. Composed of ground substance and structural protein fibers. J
b. Tough protein fibers that resist stretching and tearing. C
c. Produces histamine in response to allergens. D
d. Fine, branching protein fibers that construct a supportive network. G
e. Large, irregular cells that engulf cellular debris and foreign matter. I
f. Cells that maintain the firm, flexible gel matrix in cartilage. B
g. Produce bone matrix. H
h. Randomly coiled protein fibers that recoil after being stretched E
i.
In loose CT, the nondividing cells that store nutrients. A
j.
Cells that make protein fibers K
14. Complete the following table relating to epithelial membranes. Enter your responses in
the areas left blank.
Membrane
Tissue type
Common locations Function
Mucous
Epithelial sheets
with underlying
connective tissue
Nose, mouth, small
intestine, urethra
Epithelial sheets
with underlying
connective tissue.
Lines internal
ventral cavities and
covers organs
2 layers: visceral
and parietal.
(closed cavities)
Cutaneous
Stratified squamous
epithelium with
underlying
connective tissue
Skin
Protection, sensory
reception, support.
Synovial
Areolar CT w/
elastic fibers
Joints
Lubrication &
protection of joints
Serous
Lubrication, traps
contaminants
(open cavities)
Lubrication &
protection
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15. The three types of muscle tissue exhibit certain similarities and differences. Check the
appropriate spaces in the following table to indicate which muscle types exhibit each
characteristic.
Characteristic
Skeletal
Voluntarily controlled
Check
Cardiac
Involuntarily controlled
Smooth
Check
Self controlled
Check
Striped appearance
Check
Check
Produces movement
Check
Check
Attached to bones
Check
Found in walls of small
intestine, bladder, and veins.
Tissue of the circulatory pump
Check
Check
Check
16. Why are brain cancers more likely to occur in neuroglia than in neurons?
Neurons don’t reproduce (at least very rarely); neuroglia do reproduce.
17. List the 4 functions of nervous tissue.
1. Reception of stimuli
2. Transmission of nerve impulses
3. Integration
4. Stimulation of muscles/glands—response
18. Since adipocytes are incapable of cell division, how is weight gain accomplished?
Adipocytes swell with triglycerides—becoming larger.
19. Why do cartilage and tendons take so long to heal?
No blood supply (avascular), few cells—mostly matrix, particularly fibers.
20. What are the advantages of the avascularity of epithelium, cartilage, and tendons?
Epithelium/cartilage: Less leakage of blood, subject to strain/damage.
Tendons/ligaments: Poorly vascularized due to need for many strong collagen fibers.
Plus, no bloody tendons/ligaments after hard work.
21. What is the disadvantage of avascularity of cartilage, ligaments and tendons?
Slow healing rates – hard to repair!