Download Biology Semester 1 Final 2007-2008

Biology Semester 1 Final Review Study Guide
**Don’t forget you can use a handwritten cheat sheet (1/2 of a standard sheet of paper)**
CHAPTER 1
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What are the steps in the scientific process?

You state that the presence of water could accelerate the growth of bread mold. This is a(an)
_______________ and can be tested.

A controlled experiment allows the scientist to isolate and test only _______________ variable.

A well-tested explanation that unifies a broad range of observations is a(an)
_____________________.
Given an experiment, be able to make a hypothesis, identify the experimental variable, and make a
conclusion.
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CHAPTER 2

Define a covalent bond and an ionic bond.

The most abundant compound in most living things is?

When salt is dissolved in water, water is the ______________ and the salt is the
____________________.

Name the macromolecules and list their building blocks.

Which organic compounds is the main source of energy for living things?

What is the function of proteins?

A substance that accelerates the rate of a chemical reaction is called a(an) _____________________.

Carbon compounds that come from living organisms are called __________________ compounds.

What affects enzymatic reaction rates?

Enzymes affect the reactions in living cells by lowering the ______________________.
CHAPTERS 3, 4 and 5

The branch of biology dealing with interactions among organisms and between organisms and their
environment is called _______________.

The lowest level of environmental complexity that includes living and nonliving factors is the
__________________.

Name the trophic level and give an example of an organism found in each.


What is the original source of almost all the energy in most ecosystems?
The algae at the beginning of an ocean food chain are _____________________.

What is an organism that feeds only on plants called?

A bird stalks, kills, and then eats an insect. Based on its behavior, what ecological terms describe the
bird?
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
A snake that eats a frog that has eaten an insect that fed on a plant is a ____________________
consumer.

Only 10 percent of the energy stored in an organism can be passed on to the next trophic level. Of the
remaining energy, some is used for the organism’s life processes, and the rest is lost as
_________________.

Some birds are known as honey guides because they may be followed by humans to wild beehives.
When the humans take honey from the hives, the birds are able to feast on the honey and bees, too.
This type of relationship can best be described as _____.

Cougars are predators that often eat weakened or diseased animals. This is a description of
the ________ of cougars.
Suppose 10,000 units of energy are available at the level of the grasses. What is the total number of
energy units lost by the time energy passes from grass to mouse to coyote?


As matter and energy move from grasses to coyotes, the amount of available energy increase or
decrease or stay the same?.


Energy flows from grass to coyote or coyote to grass?
Describe the carbon cycle and the water cycle.

Refer to the illustration above. The process shown in the diagram is known as __________________

When the settlers arrived in New England, many forests were turned into fields. Eventually, some
fields were abandoned and then grew back into forests. This is best described as

Why does Earth have three main climate zones?

Why can several species of warblers live in the same spruce tree?

Because two species of barnacles attempt to use the same resources, they are in _______________
with each other.

When the two barnacles live together, Chthamalus is restricted to shallow water. Shallow water is the
barnacle’s _________________ niche.
CHAPTER 7

What are the principles of the cell theory?

A thin, flexible barrier around a cell is called the ______________________________

Which cell structure contains the cell's genetic material and controls the cell's activities?

How are Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes alike and different?

Which organelle breaks down food into particles the cell can use?
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



Which organelles help provide cells with energy?
Which organelle would you expect to find in plant cells and not animal cells?
Diffusion is the movement of molecules from an area of _________ concentration to an area of
__________ concentration.
Which means of particle transport requires input of energy from the cell?


The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane is called ____________________-.
What would happen to an animal cell with an internal salt concentration of 0.8% if it were placed in a
salt solution of 0.02%?

A plasma membrane is made up of a(n) _____.

When the volume of a cell increases, its surface area
________________________________________.

What role does the Golgi apparatus play in a cell?

How are chloroplasts similar to mitochondria?
CHAPTER 8

Between which parts of an ATP molecule must the bonds be broken to form an ADP molecule and a
free phosphate?

Photosynthesis uses sunlight to convert water and carbon dioxide into what products?

What is used in the overall reactions for photosynthesis?

Plants gather the sun's energy with light-absorbing molecules called
______________________________

Which region of the visible spectrum is not absorbed well by chlorophyll?

Where do the light-dependent reactions take place?

What are the products of the light-dependent reactions?

What are the products of the Calvin cycle?

What will affect the rate of photosynthesis?

What is the full balanced equation for photosynthesis?
CHAPTER 9

What is released (produced) during cellular respiration?

Cellular respiration uses one molecule of glucose to produce _______ ATP molecules

What is the correct balanced equation for cellular respiration?

The starting molecule for glycolysis is __________________.

The Krebs cycle does not occur if _______________________ is not present.

How are cellular respiration and photosynthesis almost opposite processes?

Unlike photosynthesis, cellular respiration occurs in ___________________ cells.


The products of photosynthesis are the ____________________ of cellular respiration.
When exposed to light, aquatic plants will carry out photosynthesis. After a time in the dark, the
plants will carry out only cellular respiration. Why?
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