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Phyla of the Animal Kingdom
Biology 11
Page 1 of 8
Name_______________________________________________
Simple Animals
Match the phylum with the description or example. Some have more than one answer,
which is indicated by a number in paranthesis.
1. ___ Stinging cells
2. ___ flatworms
A. Porifera
3. ___ bilateral symmetry (2)
B. Cnidaria
4. ___ gastrovascular cavity (2)
C. Platyhelminthes
5. ___ roundworms
D. Nematoda
6. ___ complete digestive tract
7. ___ planarian
8. ___ jellyfish
9. ___ filter feeders
10. ___ all are sessile
11. ___ tapeworm
12. ___ anus
13. ___ nematocysts
14. ___ tentacles
15. ___ fluke
Phyla of the Animal Kingdom
Biology 11
Page 2 of 8
Name_______________________________________________
Comparing Mollusks Chart
Using what you know about the three major classes of mollusks, complete the chart
below by checking the correct column or columns for each characteristic.
Characteristic
1. Intelligent, well developed nervous system
2. Has no distinct head
3. Has an open circulatory system
4. External shells present in some species
5. Bite prey with beak
6. Uses gills for both respiration and food collection
7. All species are carnivorous predators
8. Uses a radula for feeding
9. Can change color for camouflage
10. Can form pearls
11. Use a type of jet propulsion for movement
12. Has bilateral symmetry
13. Has a two part hinged shell
14. Is an invertebrate
15. Some species are venomous
Type of Mollusk
Gastropods
Bivalves
Cephalopods
Phyla of the Animal Kingdom
Biology 11
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Arthropods
Arthropods are a group of animals (belonging to the Animal Kingdom) that have a hard exoskeleton,
body segments and jointed appendages. There are three main groups within the Phylum Arthropoda.
Insects
Insects have three body segments, the head, thorax (middle region) and the abdomen. Often you can see
segments on the abdomen of insects. Locate all the insects on the coloring sheet and color the head red,
the thorax yellow and the abdomen green.
Insects have three sets of legs which attach to the thorax. Color all the insect legs blue . You will also
note that each insect has a pair of antenna, color or shade over the antenna in grey.
The mouthparts of insects have a pair of mandibles that chew food. Unlike the teeth of other animals,
mandibles open from side to side. Locate the mandibles (they are only visible on two of the insects
pictured) and color the mandibles purple . Some, but not all insects have wings, which also attach to
the thorax. Color the wings pink . An additional body part can be seen on the grasshopper, and
covering near the wings that is hard and protective called the carapace - color the carapace brown .
Arachnids
Arachnids are a group of arthropods that include spiders and ticks. They have two body parts: the
cephalothorax (head-middle) and the abdomen. Color the cephalothorax orange and the abdomen
green . Arachnids have 8 legs, instead of the 6 you find in insects. Color the legs blue . Notice that
arachnids do not have antennae, but you can see the mandibles on the spider pictured, you should have
already colored the mandibles purple.
Crustaceans
Crustaceans are a group of arthropods that mainly live in the water; they include lobsters, crabs, shrimp
and crayfish. Crustaceans usually have two body segments, the cephalothorax (orange) and the
abdomen (green).
The number of appendages on crustaceans can vary, and many of them have large claws, used for
capturing prey. Color the claws on the lobster brown and the large legs attached to the thorax blue .
Notice the little legs attached to the abdomen on the lobster which the animal uses for swimming. These
appendages are called swimmerets - color them dark blue . Crustaceans also have antennae - color
grey.
Centipede
This animal belongs to an entirely different class from the others. Centipedes have long flat bodies and
many legs. In fact, the word "centipede" means "hundred legs", though centipedes can actually have
more or less than a hundred. Color the legs of the centipede blue and each of its body segments red
and the antennae grey . Centipedes are often poisonous and are related to the nonpoisonous millipede.
Phyla of the Animal Kingdom
Biology 11
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Questions:
1. How many body segments does an insect have? ____ How many legs? ____
2. How many body segments does an arachnid have? ____ How many legs? ____
3. Which groups of arthropods have antennae? ______________________________________
4. What part of the body can you see segmentation? _____________________
5. What are the chewing mouthparts of arthropods called? ____________________
6. To what part of the body do the wings attach? ________________________
7. The head and thorax are fused together in some arthropods to form the _______________
8. What does the word "centipede" mean? ____________________________________
Phyla of the Animal Kingdom
Biology 11
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Arthropods are animals that have jointed legs. Three-fourths of all the different animal
types belong to this group. For each group below, determine the name of the group and
give examples.
Insecta
Class or Subphylum
arachnid
crustacean
centipede
Characteristics
round, segmented body
two pairs of legs per segment
also known as myriapods
"thousand feet"
flattened, segmented body
one pair of legs per segment
also known as myriapods
"hundred feet"
hard, flexible exoskeleton
gills
branched antennae
two body sections - abdomen & celphalothorax
mostly aquatic
two body sections - abdomen & cephalothorax
no antennae
four pairs of legs
chelicerae and pedipalps
spinnerets
three body sections
one pair of unbranched antennae
three pairs of legs
mandibles
Examples
Phyla of the Animal Kingdom
Biology 11
Name:______________________________________________
Page 6 of 8
Date:_____________________
Echinoderms
Starfish, sand dollars, and sea urchins all belong to a group (phylum) of
invertebrates known as echinoderms. The word "echinoderm" means spiny skin,
which describes most of the organisms in this phylum. Echinoderms all live in
water and are predators or scavengers, the underside of the animal has a mouth and
their arms are used to pry open shelled prey such as mollusks.
One of the more unusual aspects of echinoderms is their ability to regenerate lost
arms. A starfish that loses an arm can grow a new one if just a couple of weeks. Echinoderms are
radially symetrical, which is obvious from the way their stars (which can vary in number) radiate from
the mouth opening.
Echinoderms are usually found in the shallow water near the shore. They spend much of the time resting
in the sand or on rocks. Starfish can move using specialized structures called tube feet. Each arm of the
starfish has hundreds of tubes with suckers on them to help them navigate over rocks and sand. The
suction of the tube feet is powerful enough to open even the most stubborn clam shell. The movement
and circulation of a sea star is accomplished by canals within the animal that fill with water, a system
called the water vascular system.
Echinoderms do not have a highly developed nervous system, but they do have a
nerve ring that surrounds the mouth and helps to coordinate their movements
and responses. Sensory cells on their arms gather information about their
surroundings, such as light and temperature to help the organism respond to its
environment.
Starfish are an important part of shoreline ecosystems. In one experiment, a
starfish (Pisaster ochraceous) was removed from an area. This starfish was a
predator of many mussel species in that location. With the starfish removed, it
was thought that the mussels would achieve greater diversity. On the contrary, with the top predator
gone, one particular species of mussel came to dominate the community and crowded out all of the other
species. In this sense, the starfish is known as a "keystone" species, which is an animal that is important
for maintaining a community's biodiversity. A relative of the starfish, the sea urchin, is an important part
of kelp communities where sea otters live.
There are several distinct groups of echinoderms related to sea stars (also
known as starfish). Sea urchins and sand dollars are grouped together
because they have large solid plates that form around their soft bodies. Sea
urchins have hundreds of spines sticking off of their bodies, which can
serve as a defense against predators. Sand dollars tend to be flat and will
spend most of their time submerged under the sand in shallow waters.
Brittle stars are a group of echinoderms found mainly on coral reefs. They
have very long flexible arms that can break off (and regenerated later). These broken arms will continue
to wiggle and move to distract a predator and allow the organism to escape. Sea cucumbers are odd little
creatures that resemble a cucumbers, hence their name. Sea cucumbers usually feed on dead or decaying
organic matter on the ocean floor.
Phyla of the Animal Kingdom
Biology 11
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Anatomy of a Starfish - match the letter to the description
1. The anus is found on the top of a starfish, this is where wastes are removed. _____
2. The mouth is on the opposite side of the anus, food is taken in here: _____
3. Large and centrally located between the mouth and anus is the stomach, where food is digested: ____
4. The ring canal surrounding the stomach, part of the starfish's water vascular system: ____
5. The radial canal extends from the ring canal and into the starfish's arms, also part of the vascular
system: ____
6. Attached to the radial canal are the tiny tube feet with suckers: ____
7. Digestive glands are located within the arms of the starfish, chemicals help break down food: _____
Phyla of the Animal Kingdom
Biology 11
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Questions:
___ 1. What type of echinoderm has flexible arms that are easily broken to escape predators:
a) Brittle Stars
b) Sea Stars
c) Sea Cucumbers
d) Sea Urchins
___ 2. Sea stars belong to what Phylum?
a) Invertebrata b) Arthropoda
c) Nematoda d) Echinodermata
___ 3. How do most star fish get their food?
a) Filter feeding
b) Scavenging
c) Predation of small animals
d) Eating plants and algae
___ 4. Which echinoderm is grouped with a sea urchin?
a) sea cucumber
b) sand dollar
c) sea star
d) brittle star
___ 5. An echinoderm that has a large number of spines attached to it is probably a:
a) sand dollar
b) brittle star
c) sea star
d) sea urchin
___ 6. Ring canals and radial canals are both part of the ______ system.
a) circulatory b) water vascular c) muscular d) digestive
___ 7. The process of regrowing body parts is called:
a) regeneration
b) homeostasis
c) vasculation
d) biodiversity
___ 8. What type of symmetry does a brittle star have?
a) bilateral
b) open-ended
c) radial
d) oblong
___ 9. Where is the anus of a starfish located?
a) At the end of an arm
b) on its underside
c) on its top side
d) starfish do not have an anus
___ 10. A "keystone" species is often a(n):
a) top predator
b) endangered species
c) dominant species
d) parasite
___ 11. Sea otters share their habitat with what other important organisms?
a) starfish & brittle stars
b) kelp & sea urchins
c) sea cucumbers & mussels
d) whales & sharks
___ 12. If you remove the starfish from a shoreline area, what happens to the mussel populations:
a) they become extinct
b) one species crowds out all of the others
___ 13. The word "echinoderm" means: a) big foot
b) hairy toe
c) the area becomes more biodiverse
c) tube feet
d) spiny skin