Download Name_____KEY Date Period__________ CBA #4: Earth, Oceans

Name_____KEY_________________________________ Date ___________________ Period__________
CBA #4: Earth, Oceans, and Weather Systems Test
Review
1. What is the definition of El Nino and its MAJOR FACTS.
El Nino: the abnormal warming of the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean waters due to the
weakening of the trade winds in the region
Major Facts: occurs every 2-7 yrs; affects N. & S. America by bringing heavy rains &
flooding ; prevents the upwelling off the coast of S. America
2. Label the temperate, tropical and polar zones.
polar
temperate
tropical
tropical
temperate
polar
3. Explain how winds are caused. Wind is caused by the uneven heating of the earth by the
sun creating differences in temperature and pressure-warm air with less pressure rises
and cooler air sinks; this movement would be felt as wind!
4. Which directions do the water currents swirl above and below the equator?
Above: clockwise
Below: counterclockwise
5. What is the Coriolis Effect and why does it occur?
Coriolis Effect: the apparent force that causes objects to deflect to the right in the northern
hemisphere and to the left in the southern due to the counterclockwise rotation of the
earth; wind and ocean current directions
Why: rotation of the earth
6. What type of weather should you expect from the different types of fronts?
Cold Front: sudden drop in pressure right before cold front passes; brings higher
pressure, cooler temps; possible thunderstorms, tornadoes and brief heavy rain; pass
quickly; leaves behind fair sunny weather
Symbol:
Warm Front: lower pressure; pass slowly; warmer temps; long period of cloudiness, steady
light rain or drizzle; fog; dreary, humid weather
Symbol:
Stationary Front: front that results from a warm and cold front running into each other;
usually prolonged cloudiness and possibly rainy conditions; conditions will remain
unchanged for the most part until the fronts separate again
Symbol:
7. Where do the 4 air masses come from and what are the characteristics of each?
Continental Polar: originates over land in the polar regions
Characteristics –cold & dry; high pressure
Continental Tropical: originates over land in the tropical regions
Characteristics –warm & dry
Maritime Polar: originates over ocean in the polar regions
Characteristics –cold & wet (humid)
Maritime Tropical: originates over ocean in the tropical regions
Characteristics –warm & wet (humid); low pressure
8. What is the energy source of the water cycle? THE SUN!
9. What type of heat transfer cause wind and ocean currents to occur? CONVECTION
10. How do Jet Streams affect the weather? By moving weather systems from place to
place; generally from west to east in N. America
11. What are the characteristics of
Cool Air? DENSER-SINKS; HIGHER PRESSURE
Warm Air? LESS DENSE-RISES; LOWER PRESSURE
12. Name the 3 different global wind currents and draw arrows to show the directions of
the wind. Starting at the poles-polar easterlies; prevailing westerlies; easterly trade
winds
Polar Easterlies
Prevailing Westerlies
Trade Winds
Trade Winds
Prevailing Westerlies
Polar Easterlies
13. Define the Greenhouse Effect. A necessary process by which gases in the atmosphere
trap heat close to the earth; the emission of CO2 from the burning of fossil fuels can cause
too much heat to be trapped leading to global warming
14. What is the source of energy for weather? The sun!
15. What is a hurricane and where do they form?
Hurricane: Fierce tropical storms that need very warm ocean water to develop
Where: in the tropics of the ocean
16. Hurricanes ALL use _____warm__________, __________moist_______ air as fuel. That is why
they only form over ____warm_____, _______tropical___________ waters.
17. What named ocean currents (that affect the climate and weather of the US) come from
the polar region? California & Labrador Currents-cold
the tropical region? Gulf Stream Current-warm
18. What causes surface ocean currents? WIND
Deep-ocean currents? DRIVEN BY DENSITY DIFFERENCES-TEMPERATURE &
SALINITY
19. If the air pressure is HIGH, what kind of weather should you expect? FAIR, SUNNYNICE WEATHER
What about if the air pressure is LOW? RAINY, CLOUDY-DREARY WEATHER
20. How do you find the number of Protons, Neutrons, and electrons in an element? Tell
me how you find them and then how many are there for the element Boron.
Protons? TOP # (ATOMIC #); 5 PROTONS; POSTIVELY CHARGED
Neutrons? ROUND BOTTOM # (ATOMIC MASS) AND THEN
SUBTRACT THE TOP NUMBER (ATOMIC #) FROM IT; 11-5=6 NEUTRONS;
NO CHARGE
Electrons? TOP # (ATOMIC #); 5 ELECTRONS; NEGATIVELY CHARGED
21. Label the coefficient, the number of molecules, and the subscript for the following
equation.
coefficient
2Mg + Cl  MgCl2
subscript
22. Which group are the most reactive for the metals? #1
Nonmetals? #17
Color most reactive metals yellow and draw an arrow in the direction the reactivity
decreases. Color the most reactive nonmetals orange and draw an arrow in the direction
the reactivity decreases.
23. How many atoms of Iron are in this chemical formula? 6
How many total atoms? 15 How many elements are present? 2
3Fe2O3
24. Which layer of the Earth is broken into several large tectonic plates? LITHOSPHERE
25. What crustal feature(s) is found at the following types of plate boundaries? Label each
boundary.
TRANFORM
CONVERGENT
DIVERGENT
FAULTS; (EARTHQUAKES)
MOUNTAINS; TRENCHES
MID-OCEAN RIDGE; RIFT VALLEYS
26. What feature(s) result in the following:
convergence of oceanic to oceanic__DEEP-OCEAN TRENCHES; ISLAND ARCS___
convergence of continental to continental__NON-VOLCANIC MOUNTAINS__
convergence of oceanic to continental___VOLCANIC MOUNTAINS__
27. In the balanced equations below label the reactants and the products. How many
oxygen molecules are there? _1_ How many water molecules? _2__
2H2 + O2  2H2O
____reactants_____product___
28. Match the following
29. What causes the seasons? SEASONS ARE CAUSED BY THE TILT OF THE EARTH ON ITS
AXIS AS IT REVOLVES AROUND THE SUN
30. Sketch below (with equator and axis) and color the Earth as it would look for the
following: How much daylight at each?
Vernal Equinox:
Summer Solstice:
Autumnal Equinox:
Winter Solstice:
31. Why is it cooler during the winter and warmer in the Northern hemisphere during
summer? COOLER DURING THE WINTER BECAUSE WE ARE TILTED AWAY FROM THE
SUN-SHORTER DAYS AND LESS DIRECT SUN RAYS; WARMER DURING THE SUMMER
BECAUSE WE ARE TILTED TOWARDS THE SUN- LONGER DAYS; MORE DIRECT SUN RAYS
32. What is the longest day of the year called? SUMMER SOLTICE
Shortest day ? WINTER SOLSTICE
33. What is the difference between rotation and revolution? How long does each take?
Rotation: spinning of earth on its axis; one day or 24 hours; day & night
Revolution: earth moving around the sun; 365 days/1 year
34. Name the season for each point above. Put in the number of months between each
point. SINCE IT TAKES 12 MONTHS FOR THE EARTH TO REVOLVE AROUND THE SUN,
THERE ARE THREE (3) MONTHS BETWEEN EACH POSITION
A-SUMMER-SUMMER SOLSTICE; LONGER DAYS (16 HRS DAY & 8 HRS NIGHT)-MORE
DIRECT RAYS
B-FALL-AUTUMNAL EQUINOX; 12 HRS DAY & 12 HRS NIGHT
C-WINTER-WINTER SOLSTICE; SHORTER DAYS (8 HRS DAY & 16 HRS NIGHT); INDIRECT
RAYS
D-SPRING-VERNAL EQUINOX; 12 HRS DAY & 12 HRS NIGHT
35. Why do sea breezes and land breezes change direction of air
movement from daytime to night?
Sea breeze-daytime; air over land is much warmer so it rises and the
cooler air over the ocean moves toward the land; high pressure air
(cooler) moves towards lower pressure air
Land breeze-nighttime; air over ocean is warmer so it rises and the
cooler air over the land moves towards the ocean
36. What is specific heat? Explain how the specific heat of land and the
ocean differ. Specific heat is the amount of energy needed to raise the
temperature of a substance. Land has a LOWER specific heat so it takes less
energy than water to raise the temperature of it. That means that land will
heat up much more quickly than water and cool off much more quickly than
water. Oceans store and transfer much heat energy that regulates our world
climates.
37. What are contour lines? What do they represent? What do they look like?
SOLID LINES ON A TOPOGRAPHIC MAP; THEY REPRESENT ELEVATION
38. What is a characteristic of a steep slope on a topographic map?
(What does it look like?)
Contour lines are close together
39. What is a characteristic of a flat area on a topographic map?
Contour lines are spaced far apart
40. What would the bold line on the map represent? What
direction is it flowing? A RIVER OR STREAM; NORTHEAST